23. Industrial Society of the West

CHAPTER 28The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West,

1760-1914

World Civilizations: The Global ExperienceFifth Edition

Stearns/Adas/Schwartz/Gilbert

Copyright 2007, Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Longman

Chapter 28: The Emergence of Industrial Society in the West, 1760-1914

Stearns et al., World Civilizations: The Global Experience, 5th Edition Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The Age of RevolutionII. The Consolidation of the Industrial Order, 1850-1914III. Cultural TransformationsIV. Western Settler SocietiesV. Diplomatic Tensions and World War I



I. The Age of Revolution A. Optimism Against All Odds

Marquis of CondorcetProgress of the Human Mind

B. Forces of ChangeEnlightenmentCommercializationPopulation growth

C. The American Revolution1775, outbreak of the Revolution

French aid

1789, new constitution



I. The Age of Revolution

D. Crisis in France in 1789Enlightenment influence

1789, Louis XVI calls parliament

AssemblyDeclaration of the Rights of Man and the CitizenJuly 14, Bastille attacked

Principles

Serfdom abolishedEquality for menEnd to aristocratic privilegeChurch privilege endedElective parliament



I. The Age of Revolution

E. The French Revolution: Radical and Authoritarian Phases

ReactionChurchAristocracyForeign powers

Radical shift

King executedReign of Terror

Maximilien de Robespierre

1795, more moderate government

Napoleon BonaparteAuthoritarianSupports key principlesExpansionist

EmpireMost of Europe by 18121815, defeated

Napoleon’s Empire in 1812



I. The Age of Revolution F. A Conservative Settlement and the Revolutionary Legacy

Congress of Vienna of 1815

New political movementsLiberals

Constitutional ruleProtection of freedomsEspecially middle class

Radicals

Extension of voting rightsSocialism

Attack property rightsNationalists

Spread of Revolutions, 1820s, 1830sGreece, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium

Extension of male suffrageBritain, United States



I. The Age of Revolution G. Industrialization and the Revolutions of 1848

Lower classesPolitical action

Britain accommodates demands

Revolts in Germany, Austria, Hungary

France, 1848, monarch overthrown

GoalsLiberal constitutionsSocial reform

End of serfdomWomen’s rightsEthnic demands



II. The Consolidation of the Industrial Order, 1850-1914

A. Adjustments to Industrial Life

FamiliesBirth and death rates down

Labor movements

Rural cooperatives Industrialization in Europe c. 1850




B. Political Trends and the Rise of New Nations

After 1850, leaders learn to adopt changeBenjamin Disraeli

Vote for working-class males, 1867Camillo di Cavour

Supports industrializationOtto von Bismarck

Vote for all adult males

Nationalism usedBismarck

German Unification, 1871

The Unification of Italy




continued

The Unification of Germany, 1815-1871




C. The Social Question and New Government FunctionsSchool systems

Literacy increases

Welfare

Health, old age

Social reform becomes key political issue

Socialism

Karl Marx

Parties in Germany, Austria, France, 1880s

Women gain right to vote in many countries



III. Cultural Transformations

A. Emphasis on Consumption and LeisurePleasure-seeking more acceptable

Consumerism

Newspapers

Entertainment

Vacations

Leisure a commodity

Team sports

Travel industry



III. Cultural Transformations B. Advances in Scientific Knowledge

Rationalism

DarwinEvolution

Einstein

Relativity

Social SciencesScience applied to human lifeFreud

C. New Directions in Artistic Expression

RomanticismOpposed to rationalismHuman emotionSplit between artists and scientists



IV. Western Settler Societies

Industrialization makes west more powerful

Impact of improved transportation, communication

A. Emerging Power of the United States

American Civil War, 1861-1865Spurs industrialization

Early 19th-Century Settlements in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand



IV. Western Settler Societies

B. European Settlements in Canada, Australia, and New Zealand

Peopled by immigrants

Follow European political, economic, cultural patterns

CanadaFederal system

Australia

From 1788Gold rush, agricultural developmentFederal system by 1900

New Zealand

Maori defeated by 1860sAgricultural economy



V. Diplomatic Tensions and World War I

Rise of Germany

Bismarck

Unsettles balance of power

European global expansion

Latin America independent

Africa controlled by Europeans

China, Middle East

Zones of European rivalry



V. Diplomatic Tensions and World War I

A. The New Alliance System

By 1907Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, ItalyTriple Entente: Britain, Russia, France

InstabilityRussian Revolution, 1905Austria-Hungary

Ethnic conflictBalkans

Free of Ottoman controlDivided by enmities

1914, assassination of Austrian archduke

B. Diplomacy and Society

Instability in 1800sNationalismPolitical divisionIndustrial pressures

The Balkans before the Regional Wars, 1912

The Balkans after the Regional Wars, 1913

23. Industrial Society of the West

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