21st Century Skills: An Educator's Guide
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Transcript of 21st Century Skills: An Educator's Guide
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 1
Conversations on Global Education
TransformationA video series for education
leaders on
GETideas.org
An online community for education leaders
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 2
21st Century Skills:
An Educator’s Guide
Richard Halkett
Director of Strategy & Research Cisco Global Education
March 17, 2009
This slide deck can be seen with the accompanying video on
GETideas.org
www.getideas.org/coge
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 3
A World of Change in Baseline QualificationsApproximated by percentage of persons with high school or equivalent qualifications in the age groups 55–64, 45–55, 45–44, and 25–34 years
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© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 4
A World of Change in Baseline QualificationsApproximated by percentage of persons with high school or equivalent qualifications in the age groups 55–64, 45–55, 45–44, and 25–34 years
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ted
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1990s 1980s 1970s 1960s
1. Excluding ISCED 3C short programmes 2. Year of reference 2004
3. Including some ISCED 3C short programmes 3. Year of reference 2003
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 5
A World of Change in Baseline QualificationsApproximated by percentage of persons with high school or equivalent qualifications in the age groups 55–64, 45–55, 45–44, and 25–34 years
Uni
ted
Sta
tes
Cze
ch R
ep
ub
lic
Est
on
ia
Ger
man
y
Sw
itze
rlan
d
Den
mar
k
Can
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a
Nor
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Sw
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tion
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1. Excluding ISCED 3C short programmes 2. Year of reference 2004
3. Including some ISCED 3C short programmes 3. Year of reference 2003
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 6
New Assessments on the Horizon
PISA (Program for International Student Assessment)
NAEP (National Assessment of Educational Progress)
“I'm calling on our nation's governors and state education chiefs to develop standards and assessments that don't simply measure whether students can fill in a bubble on a test, but whether they possess 21st century skills like problem-solving and critical thinking and entrepreneurship and creativity”
President Barack Obama, March 2009
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 7
The Three Benefits of Learning
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 8
The Three Benefits of Learning
LearningLearning
£$¥₨元
£$¥₨元
Economiccompetitiveness
Economiccompetitiveness
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 9
The Three Benefits of Learning
LearningLearning
Social & environmental
wellbeing
Social & environmental
wellbeing
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 10
The Three Benefits of Learning
LearningLearning
Lifelongpersonal
prosperity
Lifelongpersonal
prosperity
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 11
The Three Benefits of Learning
LearningLearning
£$¥₨元
£$¥₨元
Economiccompetitiveness
Economiccompetitiveness
Lifelongpersonal
prosperity
Lifelongpersonal
prosperity
Social & environmental
wellbeing
Social & environmental
wellbeing
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 12
The World Is Changing—Fast
GlobalizationGlobalization
SustainabilitySustainability
TechnologyTechnology Demographic change
Demographic change
Peace & securityPeace & security
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 13
How the Demand for Skills Has ChangedEconomy-wide measures of routine and non-routine task input (U.S.)
Mean task input as percentiles of the 1960 task distribution.
40
45
50
55
60
65
1960 1970 1980 1990 2002
Non-Routine Interactive
Non-Routine Analytic
Routine Manual
Routine Cognitive
Non-Routine Manual
The Dilemma of SchoolsThe skills that are easiest to teach and test are also the ones that are easiest to digitize, automate, and outsource.
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 14
21st Century Learning
Education 2.0
Education 3.0
Education 1.0
Supported Through an Adapted Reform Agenda
High-quality Infrastructure &
Technology
Leadership, People & Culture
21st Century Skills
Curriculum, Pedagogy & Assessment
Achieved in Holistic Transformation
Education 3.0
Traditional Education Systems
Curriculum
Teachers
Accountability
Leadership
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 15
The Education 3.0 Framework
Leading Transformatio
n
Holistic Change
Pace and Urgency
Building Ownersh
ip
Routes to Scale
Sustainable
Delivered in
Partnership
Assessment for Learning
Flexible Learning Spaces
Integrated Ecosystem of Partners
‘Next Practice’ Pedagogy
Integrated Training —Technology and Pedagogy
Innovation Management
Ambitious, Collaborative,
Innovative Culture
21st Century Curriculum
High Standard of Educational
Technology
Data-Driven Accountability and Decisionmaking
Excellent Teachers, Principals and
System-Leaders
Technology Vision Led From the Top
Well-Governed and Managed System
Visionary Leadership
Student-Centred, Personalised
Learning
Infrastructure and
Technology
Policies, Procedures, and
Management
Leadership, People, and
Culture
Curriculum, Pedagogy, and
Assessment
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 16
Elements of a 21st Century Curriculum
Basic Skills
Core Subjects and Technical Skills
Disciplinary Knowledge
21st Century Skills
Ethics, History, and Citizenship
Specialized Subjects
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 17
21st Century Skills: Many Perspectives
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 18
1.The disciplined mind
2.The synthesizing mind
3.The creating mind
4.The respectful mind
5.The ethical mind
Howard Gardner
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 19
Six New “Senses”
1. Design
2. Story
3. Symphony
4. Empathy
5. Play
6. Meaning
Daniel Pink
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 20
Seven “Survival Skills”
1. Critical thinking and problem-solving
2. Collaboration across networks and leading by influence
3. Agility and adaptability
4. Initiative and entrepreneurialism
5. Effective oral and written communication
6. Accessing and analyzing information
7. Curiosity and imagination
Tony Wagner
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 21
Partnership for 21st Century Skills (P21)
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 22
The OECD
1. The great collaborators and orchestrators
2. The great synthesizers
3. The great explainers
4. The great versatilists
5. The great personalizers
6. The great localizers
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 23
The Debate
“The same ideas were iterated and reiterated by pedagogues across the twentieth century. Their call for 20th century skills sounds identical to the current effort to promote 21st century skills.”
Diane Ravitch, Research Professor of Education,
New York University
“The error at the heart of P21 is the idea that skills are all-purpose muscles that, once developed, can be applied to new and unforeseen domains of experience.”
E.D. Hirsch, Jr., former Professor of Education and Humanities,
University of Virginia
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 24
A False Dichotomy
Not knowledge OR skills—knowledge AND skills
Not LESS knowledge—MORE knowledge through skills/relevance
Not summative OR formative assessment—BETTER summative and MORE formative assessment
The world's great thinkers have always possessed these skills, BUT:
Never systematically taught to students
Neglected due to emphasis on knowledge
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 25
In Summation: 21st Century Skills
Many consistent themes
A critical debate
Support from the Obama administration
Demands interpretation on a local, regional and national level by professional educators
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 26
Five Working Groups Learning Environments &
Formative Assessment Dr. John Bransford
Assessment Methodology Dr. Mark Wilson
Technology Dr. Beno Csapo
Measurable 21st C Skills Dr. Senta Raizen
Country Deployment and Use Barry McGaw DirectorMelbourne Education Research Institute (MERI)Australia
Cisco-Intel-Microsoft Assessment Alliance
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 27
21st Century Skills in Action
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 28
New York City iSchool
Interdisciplinary, problem-based modules
Self-paced, individualized online coursework
College preparatory core experiences
Off-site field work
Integration of 21st century skills into all aspects of high school life Leadership
Collaboration
Interdisciplinary problem solving
Personal accountability/advocacy
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 29
Established by the UK Royal Society for the Arts, Manufactures and Commerce
Built on the RSA Opening Minds framework
Five categories of competence
Learning
Citizenship
Relating to people
Managing situations
Managing information
RSA Academy, UK
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 30
High Tech High, San Diego
Project-Based Learning
Integrated study project
Authentic audience and product
Student activities
Identification of life forms
Student written history
GIS mapmaking technology
Observations, reflections, commentary
100% of students graduate and attend college
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 31
What Does This Mean for School Systems?
Save time—use technology to extend learning beyond the classroom
Incorporate 21st century skills across subjects
Listen to student feedback on what works
Monitor NAEP assessment movement toward 21st century skills
Don’t teach to the test every day—be brave!
© 2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Confidential 32
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