21st Century College English: Book III College Pressures Unit 4: Text A.

21st Century College English: Book III21st Century College English: Book III

College PressuresCollege PressuresUnit 4: Text AUnit 4: Text AUnit 4: Text AUnit 4: Text A

• Lead-in Activities

• Text OrganizationText Organization

• Writing and Reading SkillsWriting and Reading Skills

• Language Points

• Guided PracticeGuided Practice

• AssignmentAssignment

College PressureCollege Pressure

Unit 4 Text AUnit 4 Text A

What kind of college pressures are you suffering What kind of college pressures are you suffering from?from?

What do you think of them?What do you think of them?

How to deal with them?How to deal with them?

Lead-in ActivitiesLead-in Activities

Text OrganizationText Organization

I. I. IntroductionIntroductionI. I. IntroductionIntroduction

II.II. Four kinds of pressure on college students Four kinds of pressure on college students today today

II.II. Four kinds of pressure on college students Four kinds of pressure on college students today today

III. III. ConclusionConclusionIII. III. ConclusionConclusion

College PressuresCollege PressuresCollege PressuresCollege Pressures

Paras. 1-4Paras. 1-4Paras. 1-4Paras. 1-4



I.I. IntroductionIntroductionI.I. IntroductionIntroduction

Authorization of the author Authorization of the author

Authorization of the author Authorization of the author

How does the author describe his students? And How does the author describe his students? And why are the students so worried about their future? why are the students so worried about their future? How does the author describe his students? And How does the author describe his students? And why are the students so worried about their future? why are the students so worried about their future?

Para. 1Para. 1Para. 1Para. 1


Reading AnalysisReading Analysis

Authorization of the authorAuthorization of the authorAuthorization of the authorAuthorization of the author

He is master of Branford College at Yale. He lives on He is master of Branford College at Yale. He lives on the campus and knows the students well and listens the campus and knows the students well and listens to their hopes and fears as well as their stereo music to their hopes and fears as well as their stereo music and piercing cries in the dead of night.and piercing cries in the dead of night.

He is master of Branford College at Yale. He lives on He is master of Branford College at Yale. He lives on the campus and knows the students well and listens the campus and knows the students well and listens to their hopes and fears as well as their stereo music to their hopes and fears as well as their stereo music and piercing cries in the dead of night.and piercing cries in the dead of night.


How does the author describe his students? And why are the How does the author describe his students? And why are the students so worried about their future?students so worried about their future?

How does the author describe his students? And why are the How does the author describe his students? And why are the students so worried about their future?students so worried about their future?

How does he describe the students? How does he describe the students?

How does he describe the students? How does he describe the students?

Reason for the students being so worried about Reason for the students being so worried about their future. their future. Reason for the students being so worried about Reason for the students being so worried about their future. their future.




How does he describe the students?How does he describe the students?How does he describe the students?How does he describe the students?

1.1. The students are not prepared for the road ahead The students are not prepared for the road ahead that is full of unexpected turns and career that is full of unexpected turns and career changes, etc. They want to have a map changes, etc. They want to have a map — leading — leading directly to career security, financial security, etc.directly to career security, financial security, etc.

2.2. The students have a grim view of the future and The students have a grim view of the future and take their education as a tiresome preparation for take their education as a tiresome preparation for the future goal. the future goal.

1.1. The students are not prepared for the road ahead The students are not prepared for the road ahead that is full of unexpected turns and career that is full of unexpected turns and career changes, etc. They want to have a map changes, etc. They want to have a map — leading — leading directly to career security, financial security, etc.directly to career security, financial security, etc.

2.2. The students have a grim view of the future and The students have a grim view of the future and take their education as a tiresome preparation for take their education as a tiresome preparation for the future goal. the future goal.


Reason for the students being so worried about their future. Reason for the students being so worried about their future. Reason for the students being so worried about their future. Reason for the students being so worried about their future.

The American society imposes the value of material The American society imposes the value of material success on the younger generation in America. success on the younger generation in America. Achievement is the national god, worshipped in the Achievement is the national god, worshipped in the media and gloried in the praise of possessions.media and gloried in the praise of possessions.

The American society imposes the value of material The American society imposes the value of material success on the younger generation in America. success on the younger generation in America. Achievement is the national god, worshipped in the Achievement is the national god, worshipped in the media and gloried in the praise of possessions.media and gloried in the praise of possessions.


II.II. Four kinds of pressure on college students today Four kinds of pressure on college students today II.II. Four kinds of pressure on college students today Four kinds of pressure on college students today

A transitional paragraphA transitional paragraph

A transitional paragraphA transitional paragraph

Four kinds of pressureFour kinds of pressureFour kinds of pressureFour kinds of pressure




A transitional paragraphA transitional paragraphA transitional paragraphA transitional paragraph

A transitional paragraph links the previous A transitional paragraph links the previous paragraphs with the following paragraphs. In the face paragraphs with the following paragraphs. In the face of American social values, the students are under of American social values, the students are under great economic, parental, peer and self-induced great economic, parental, peer and self-induced pressures.pressures.

A transitional paragraph links the previous A transitional paragraph links the previous paragraphs with the following paragraphs. In the face paragraphs with the following paragraphs. In the face of American social values, the students are under of American social values, the students are under great economic, parental, peer and self-induced great economic, parental, peer and self-induced pressures.pressures.


Four kinds of pressureFour kinds of pressureFour kinds of pressureFour kinds of pressure

Economic Pressure Economic Pressure Economic Pressure Economic Pressure

Parental Pressure Parental Pressure Parental Pressure Parental Pressure

Peer Pressure and Self-induced pressure Peer Pressure and Self-induced pressure

Peer Pressure and Self-induced pressure Peer Pressure and Self-induced pressure





Economic PressureEconomic PressureEconomic PressureEconomic Pressure

Most of the students have loans and right after the Most of the students have loans and right after the commencement ceremony they have to prepare to commencement ceremony they have to prepare to repay them.repay them.

Women students facet the problem of how to justify Women students facet the problem of how to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents their expensive education to themselves, their parents and society, as the society is not ready to accept them.and society, as the society is not ready to accept them.

Most of the students have loans and right after the Most of the students have loans and right after the commencement ceremony they have to prepare to commencement ceremony they have to prepare to repay them.repay them.

Women students facet the problem of how to justify Women students facet the problem of how to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents their expensive education to themselves, their parents and society, as the society is not ready to accept them.and society, as the society is not ready to accept them.


Parental PressureParental PressureParental PressureParental Pressure

Some students are also under parental pressure to Some students are also under parental pressure to study medicine. They don’t like the field but it is what study medicine. They don’t like the field but it is what their parents demand them to do.their parents demand them to do.

Some students are also under parental pressure to Some students are also under parental pressure to study medicine. They don’t like the field but it is what study medicine. They don’t like the field but it is what their parents demand them to do.their parents demand them to do.


Peer Pressure and Self-induced pressurePeer Pressure and Self-induced pressurePeer Pressure and Self-induced pressurePeer Pressure and Self-induced pressure

Almost every student competes with each other to Almost every student competes with each other to work harder and do better. This tension can be seen work harder and do better. This tension can be seen in the students’ eyes when exams are approaching in the students’ eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due. and papers are due.

The result is that they cannot get everything done. The result is that they cannot get everything done. Instead, they get sick.Instead, they get sick.

Almost every student competes with each other to Almost every student competes with each other to work harder and do better. This tension can be seen work harder and do better. This tension can be seen in the students’ eyes when exams are approaching in the students’ eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due. and papers are due.



III.III. ConclusionConclusionIII.III. ConclusionConclusion

General description of students today. General description of students today.

General description of students today. General description of students today.

What does the author do to help the students? And What does the author do to help the students? And what is the result?what is the result?What does the author do to help the students? And What does the author do to help the students? And what is the result?what is the result?




General description of students todayGeneral description of students todayGeneral description of students todayGeneral description of students today

Almost every student competes with each other to work Almost every student competes with each other to work harder and do better. This tension can be seen in the harder and do better. This tension can be seen in the students’ eyes when exams are approaching and papers students’ eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due. are due.


Almost every student competes with each other to work Almost every student competes with each other to work harder and do better. This tension can be seen in the harder and do better. This tension can be seen in the students’ eyes when exams are approaching and papers students’ eyes when exams are approaching and papers are due. are due.



What does the author do to help the students? And what is What does the author do to help the students? And what is the result?the result?What does the author do to help the students? And what is What does the author do to help the students? And what is the result?the result?

He tries to tell the students that each one is a different He tries to tell the students that each one is a different person with a different start and for a different destination. person with a different start and for a different destination. He also tells them that change is healthy and that people He also tells them that change is healthy and that people don’t have to fit into pre-arranged slots.don’t have to fit into pre-arranged slots.

He invites successful men and women from outside the He invites successful men and women from outside the academic world to come and talk with his students.academic world to come and talk with his students.

Result:Result: Students can hardly conceive of a career not Students can hardly conceive of a career not preplanned. The author’s effort are of little effect.preplanned. The author’s effort are of little effect.

He tries to tell the students that each one is a different He tries to tell the students that each one is a different person with a different start and for a different destination. person with a different start and for a different destination. He also tells them that change is healthy and that people He also tells them that change is healthy and that people don’t have to fit into pre-arranged slots.don’t have to fit into pre-arranged slots.

He invites successful men and women from outside the He invites successful men and women from outside the academic world to come and talk with his students.academic world to come and talk with his students.

Result:Result: Students can hardly conceive of a career not Students can hardly conceive of a career not preplanned. The author’s effort are of little effect.preplanned. The author’s effort are of little effect.


The major wring technique the author uses is LISTING.The major wring technique the author uses is LISTING.

One of the aims of Text A is to explain the types of pressure One of the aims of Text A is to explain the types of pressure

that the author sees affecting students. He starts his that the author sees affecting students. He starts his

section of his article with a simple list of the four kinds section of his article with a simple list of the four kinds

of pressure he sees:of pressure he sees:

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students I see four kinds of pressure working on college students

today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer

pressure, and self-induced pressure.pressure, and self-induced pressure.

Then in the next several paragraphs, he explains each kind Then in the next several paragraphs, he explains each kind

of pressure in detail. of pressure in detail. Making predictions---anticipating Making predictions---anticipating

the writer’s next point---is an important skill in active the writer’s next point---is an important skill in active

reading.reading.

Writing and Reading SkillsWriting and Reading Skills

To predict every detail is impossible, because a writer To predict every detail is impossible, because a writer may surprise us with unexpected ideas, just may surprise us with unexpected ideas, just anticipate the general direction the author is going. anticipate the general direction the author is going. Making predictions while you read keeps your mind Making predictions while you read keeps your mind alert and involved with the text; it’s a way to alert and involved with the text; it’s a way to double-check your comprehension of what you’ve double-check your comprehension of what you’ve read so far; and it can be a great aid to read so far; and it can be a great aid to understanding what comes next. (Remember: being understanding what comes next. (Remember: being 100% accurate in your predictions isn’t as 100% accurate in your predictions isn’t as important as the process of making predictions important as the process of making predictions based on alert and active reading.)based on alert and active reading.)

Writing and Reading SkillsWriting and Reading Skills

Text AText A

Language PointsLanguage Points

College College PressuresPressures

College College PressuresPressures

College PressuresCollege Pressures

ByBy William Zinsser William Zinsser

11 I am master of I am master of Branford College at Yale. I live on the

campus and know the students well. (We have 485 of them.) I

listen to their hopes and fears — and also to their stereo music

and their piercing cries in the dead of night (“Does anybody

care?”). They come to me to ask how to get through the rest of

their lives.


22 Mainly I try to remind them that the road ahead is a Mainly I try to remind them that the road ahead is a

long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than long one and that it will have more unexpected turns than

they think. There will be plenty of time to they think. There will be plenty of time to

change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and appr

oaches

. They don’t want to hear such news. They want a map ——

right now right now —— that they can follow directly to career that they can follow directly to career

security, financial security, security, financial security, social security and, presumably,

a prepaid grave.


33 What I wish for all students is some release from the What I wish for all students is some release from the

grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy

each segment of their education as an experience each segment of their education as an experience in itself

and not as a tiresome requirement in preparation for the next

step. I wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to

learn that defeat is as educational as victory and is not the end

of the world.


44 My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few rights My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few rights

that America does not proclaim is the right to fail. that America does not proclaim is the right to fail.

Achievement is the national god, worshipped in our media

— the million-dollar athlete, the wealthy executive —

and glorified in our praise of possessions. In the presence

of such a potent state religion, the young are growing up

old.


55 I see four kinds of pressure working on college I see four kinds of pressure working on college

students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer students today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer

pressure, and pressure, and self-induced pressure. It’s easy to look pressure. It’s easy to look

around for bad guys around for bad guys —— to blame the colleges for charging to blame the colleges for charging

too much money, the professors for assigning too much too much money, the professors for assigning too much

work, the parents for pushing their children too far, the work, the parents for pushing their children too far, the

students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no students for driving themselves too hard. But there are no

bad guys, only victims.bad guys, only victims.


6 6 Today it is not unusual for a student, even one who Today it is not unusual for a student, even one who

works part time at college and full time during the summer, works part time at college and full time during the summer,

to have accumulated $5,000 in loans after four years to have accumulated $5,000 in loans after four years ——

loans that the student must start to repay within one year loans that the student must start to repay within one year

after graduation (and incidentally, not all these loans are after graduation (and incidentally, not all these loans are

low-interest, as many non-students believe). Encouraged at low-interest, as many non-students believe). Encouraged at

the commencement ceremony to the commencement ceremony to go forth into the world, the world,

students are already behind as they go forth. How can they students are already behind as they go forth. How can they


not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for not feel under pressure throughout college to prepare for

this this day of reckoning? Women at Yale are under even more

pressure than men

to justify their expensive education to themselves, their parents,

and society. For although they leave college superbly equipped

to bring fresh leadership to traditionally male jobs, society

hasn’t yet caught up with this fact.


77 Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure.

Inevitably, the two are deeply intertwined. I see students taking

premedical courses with joyless determination. They go off to

their labs as if they were going to the dentist. It saddens me

because I know them in other corners of their life as cheerful

people.


88 “Do you want to go to medical school?” I ask them.“Do you want to go to medical school?” I ask them.

99 “I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or, “Not “I guess so,” they say, without conviction, or, “Not

really.”really.”

1010 “Then why are you going?”“Then why are you going?”

1111 “My parents want me to be a doctor. They’re paying “My parents want me to be a doctor. They’re paying

all this money and …”all this money and …”


1212 Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also Peer pressure and self-induced pressure are also

intertwined, and they begin from the very start of freshman intertwined, and they begin from the very start of freshman

year. “I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,”one year. “I had a freshman student I’ll call Linda,”one

instructor told me, “who came in and said she was under instructor told me, “who came in and said she was under

terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much terrible pressure because her roommate, Barbara, was much

brighter and studied all the time. I couldn’t tell her that brighter and studied all the time. I couldn’t tell her that

Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing Barbara had come in two hours earlier to say the same thing

about Linda.”about Linda.”


1313 The story is almost funny The story is almost funny —— except that it’s not. It’s a

symptom of all the pressures put together. When every student

thinks every other student is working harder and doing better,

the only solution is to study harder still. I see students going off

to the library every night after dinner and coming back when it

closes at midnight. I wish they could sometimes forget about

their peers and go to a movie. I hear the rattling of typewriters

in the hours before dawn. I see the tension in their eyes when

exams are approaching and papers are due: “Will I get

everything done?”


1414 Probably they won’t. They will get sick. They will sleep. Probably they won’t. They will get sick. They will sleep.

They will oversleep. They will bug out.They will oversleep. They will bug out.

1515 I’ve painted too grim a portrait of today’s students, I’ve painted too grim a portrait of today’s students,

making them seem too solemn. making them seem too solemn. That’s only half of their story;

the other half is that these students are nice people, and

easy to like. They’re quick to laugh and to offer friendship.

They’re more considerate of one another than any student

generation I’ve ever known. If I’ve described


them primarily as driven creatures who largely ignore them primarily as driven creatures who largely ignore

the joyful side of life, it’s because that’s where the the joyful side of life, it’s because that’s where the

problem is problem is —— not only at Yale but throughout American not only at Yale but throughout American

education. It’s why I think we should all be worried education. It’s why I think we should all be worried

about the values that are nurturing a generation so about the values that are nurturing a generation so

fearful of risk and so goal-fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at such an early age.


1616 I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get I tell students that there is no one “right” way to get

ahead — that each of them is a different person, starting ahead — that each of them is a different person, starting

from a different point and from a different point and bound for a different a different

destination. I tell them that change is healthy and that destination. I tell them that change is healthy and that

people don’t have to fit into pre-arranged slots. One of people don’t have to fit into pre-arranged slots. One of

my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who my ways of telling them is to invite men and women who

have achieved success outside the academic world to have achieved success outside the academic world to

come and talk informally with my students during the come and talk informally with my students during the

year. I invite heads of companies, editors of magazines, year. I invite heads of companies, editors of magazines,


politicians, politicians, Broadway producers, artists, writers, economists,

photographers, scientists, historians —— a mixed bag of

achievers.

1717 I ask them to say a few words about how they I ask them to say a few words about how they

got started. The students always assume that they started in

their present profession and

knew all along that it was what they wanted to do. But in

fact, most of them got where they are by a circuitous route,

after many side


trips. The students are startled. They can hardly trips. The students are startled. They can hardly

conceive of a career that was not preplanned. They can a career that was not preplanned. They can

hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to hardly imagine allowing the hand of God or chance to

lead them down some unforeseen trail.lead them down some unforeseen trail.


get throughget through

— — manage to live through (a period of time during whichmanage to live through (a period of time during whichsomething unpleasant is happening)something unpleasant is happening)

e.g.e.g.

How do they ever How do they ever get throughget through Siberian winters? Siberian winters?

TranslateTranslate

他们帮我渡过了那段辛酸的日子。他们帮我渡过了那段辛酸的日子。

KeyKey

They helped me to get through those miserable They helped me to get through those miserable

days.days.

e.g.e.g.

1)1) The design was not The design was not in itselfin itself bad. bad.

2)2) The plan wasn’t illegal The plan wasn’t illegal in itselfin itself, but it would lead to , but it would lead to some doubtful practices.some doubtful practices.

in itselfin itself

— — in its own nature; intrinsicallyin its own nature; intrinsically

TranslateTranslate

问题本身倒并不很重要，但其长远影响可能是重大的。问题本身倒并不很重要，但其长远影响可能是重大的。

KeyKey

The problem is unimportant in itself but its long The problem is unimportant in itself but its long

term effects could be very serious.term effects could be very serious.

e.g.e.g.

1)1) She She tripped overtripped over a stone. a stone.

2)2) He He trippedtripped and fell, tearing a hole in his trousers. and fell, tearing a hole in his trousers.

trip trip vi.vi.

—— (~ over/up)(~ over/up) knock one’s foot against something knock one’s foot against something when when walking and lose balance so that one falls or walking and lose balance so that one falls or nearly nearly fallsfalls

TranslateTranslate

她让猫绊了一跤她让猫绊了一跤。。

KeyKey

She tripped over the cat and fell.She tripped over the cat and fell.

e.g.e.g.

1)1) We tried to put off the We tried to put off the day of reckoningday of reckoning..

2)2) The The day of reckoningday of reckoning has come for him. has come for him.

TranslateTranslate

别看你现在逍遥，将来会遭报应的。别看你现在逍遥，将来会遭报应的。

KeyKey

You’re enjoying yourself now, but a day of You’re enjoying yourself now, but a day of

reckoning will come.reckoning will come.

day of reckoningday of reckoning

— — time when a person pays or when he is punished time when a person pays or when he is punished for things that he has done wrong for things that he has done wrong

Cf. reckon and calculateCf. reckon and calculateBoth Both reckonreckon and and calculatecalculate mean “determine mean “determine

something mathematically”, but something mathematically”, but reckonreckon usually usually connotes simpler mathematical process, especially connotes simpler mathematical process, especially such as can be carried on in one’s head or aided by the such as can be carried on in one’s head or aided by the use of a counting device, while use of a counting device, while calculatecalculate is usually is usually preferred when highly advanced, complex processes preferred when highly advanced, complex processes are followed with precision and care and when the are followed with precision and care and when the result arrived at is not readily proven by measuring.result arrived at is not readily proven by measuring.

e.g.e.g.

1)1) Will Western industry ever Will Western industry ever catch up withcatch up with Japanese Japanese

innovations?innovations?

2)2) They haven’t They haven’t caught upcaught up yet yet withwith the latest styles. the latest styles.

TranslateTranslate

他因病一学期未上课，得努力赶上（其他同学）。他因病一学期未上课，得努力赶上（其他同学）。

KeyKey

After missing a term through illness he had to After missing a term through illness he had to

work hard to catch up (with the others).work hard to catch up (with the others).

catch up withcatch up with

—— reach (and sometimes overtake) (sb. Who is reach (and sometimes overtake) (sb. Who is aheahead); (in competition, trade, standard, etc.) ad); (in competition, trade, standard, etc.) become eqbecome equal to ual to

e.g.e.g.

1) Failing health often 1) Failing health often goes alonggoes along with old age. with old age.

2)2) Increased unemployment has Increased unemployment has gone along withgone along with rising rising prices all over the world. prices all over the world.

go along withgo along with

— — be found together withbe found together with

TranslateTranslate

事实证明，成功总是和勤奋分不事实证明，成功总是和勤奋分不开的。开的。

KeyKey

It is proved that success always goes with It is proved that success always goes with

diligence.diligence.

Paraphrase:Paraphrase:

Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure.Along with economic pressure goes parental pressure.

Parental pressure takes place together with economic Parental pressure takes place together with economic pressure.pressure.

e.g.e.g.

1)1) It couldn’t have happened It couldn’t have happened except thatexcept that it did. it did.

2)2) She would have protested She would have protested except thatexcept that she was she was

afraid.afraid.

TranslateTranslate

她（对他）什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。她（对他）什么都不记得，只记得他的头发是黑的。KeyKey

She remembered nothing (about him) except that She remembered nothing (about him) except that his hair was black.his hair was black.

except thatexcept that

—— (used to introduce a statement which states or (used to introduce a statement which states or implies something contrary to the preceding one) implies something contrary to the preceding one) only only that, but thatthat, but that

Paraphrase:Paraphrase:The story is almost funny The story is almost funny — except that it’s not.— except that it’s not.

The story (about Linda and Barbara thinking that The story (about Linda and Barbara thinking that

each is working harder and doing better than the each is working harder and doing better than the

other) sounds somewhat funny, but in fact it’s not other) sounds somewhat funny, but in fact it’s not

funny.funny.

If you say something is If you say something is only half of the storyonly half of the story, or , or part of part of the storythe story or or not the whole storynot the whole story you mean that there are you mean that there are more details that need to be known in order to more details that need to be known in order to understand the situation.understand the situation.

that’s only half of their storythat’s only half of their story

— — That’s only part of the situation with the students.That’s only part of the situation with the students.

e.g.e.g.

1)1) What he told us yesterday is What he told us yesterday is only half the storyonly half the story; ; there are more people concerned in this affair than there are more people concerned in this affair than

he knows about.he knows about.

2)2) These figures gave These figures gave only part of the storyonly part of the story..

e.g.e.g.

1)1) The fear of death The fear of death obsessed obsessed her throughout her old her throughout her old

age.age.

2)2) She She was obsessed withwas obsessed with the idea that she was going the idea that she was going

to die.to die.

TranslateTranslate

她总觉得受人监视而心神不宁。她总觉得受人监视而心神不宁。

KeyKeyShe was obsessed with the idea that she was being She was obsessed with the idea that she was being watched.watched.

obsessobsess vt.vt.

—— fill the mind of (sb.) continually and make thinking fill the mind of (sb.) continually and make thinking

about anything else difficultabout anything else difficult

Paraphrase:Paraphrase:

the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of the values that are nurturing a generation so fearful of risk and so goal-obsessed at an early agerisk and so goal-obsessed at an early age

the social principles that are bringing up a generation the social principles that are bringing up a generation so afraid of taking risks and so excessively concerned so afraid of taking risks and so excessively concerned about their future career when so youngabout their future career when so young

e.g.e.g.

1)1) Jane invited Jane invited a mixed baga mixed bag of people to her party. of people to her party.

2)2) The songs on this record are (quite) The songs on this record are (quite) a mixed baga mixed bag..

a mixed baga mixed bag

— — a thoroughly varied mixture (of people or things)a thoroughly varied mixture (of people or things)

e.g.e.g.

1)1) When can we When can we get startedget started??

2)2) It’s time we It’s time we got startedgot started on the washing up. on the washing up.

get startedget started

—— begin begin

Brandford College at YaleBrandford College at Yale

Brandford College is one of the oldest of Yale uniBrandford College is one of the oldest of Yale uni

versity’s twelve residential colleges. It opened its dooversity’s twelve residential colleges. It opened its doo

rs in the start of the academic year in 1933.rs in the start of the academic year in 1933.

Text-related informationText-related information


Social SecuritySocial Security

Social security generally refers to all measures Social security generally refers to all measures

established by legislation to maintain individual to established by legislation to maintain individual to

family income at certain levels, to assure income iffamily income at certain levels, to assure income if

employment is lost, and to provide aemployment is lost, and to provide a great number of great number of

benefits covered by other programs. These benefits benefits covered by other programs. These benefits

may include maternity payments, cash for medical may include maternity payments, cash for medical

needs, legal aid, compensation for crop failure, andneeds, legal aid, compensation for crop failure, and

funeral expenses.funeral expenses.

BroadwayBroadway

Broadway is one of the principal business Broadway is one of the principal business

thoroughfares of New York City, extending in a thoroughfares of New York City, extending in a

generally north-south direction. Laid out in the early generally north-south direction. Laid out in the early

1717thth century by the Dutch, Broadway grew in length century by the Dutch, Broadway grew in length

as the city developed from a small settlement on the as the city developed from a small settlement on the

southern tip of Manhattan Island. It now extends 27 southern tip of Manhattan Island. It now extends 27

km (17 mi) to the city’s northern boundary in the km (17 mi) to the city’s northern boundary in the

Bronx. Broadway forms the central thoroughfare ofBronx. Broadway forms the central thoroughfare of

More to learnMore to learnMore to learnMore to learn


New York City’s theater district. This stretch is one of New York City’s theater district. This stretch is one of

the most highly concentrated entertainment centers in the most highly concentrated entertainment centers in

the United Stats, and includes official Broadway the United Stats, and includes official Broadway

theaters, smaller off-Broadway playhouses, movie theaters, smaller off-Broadway playhouses, movie

theaters, restaurants, and bars. Also located on theaters, restaurants, and bars. Also located on

Broadway are Lincoln Center for the Performing Broadway are Lincoln Center for the Performing

Arts and Columbia University (1754).Arts and Columbia University (1754).



Women enter the Broadway Theater in Denver, Women enter the Broadway Theater in Denver, Colorado. One woman wears a short fur coat, hat and Colorado. One woman wears a short fur coat, hat and evening dress. The Broadway Theater opened in 1890 on evening dress. The Broadway Theater opened in 1890 on 18th and Broadway Avenues. It was demolished in 1955.18th and Broadway Avenues. It was demolished in 1955.



A book:A book:

Broadway Theatres, an Broadway Theatres, an introduction of the history introduction of the history of Broadway.of Broadway.


change jobs, change careers, change whole change jobs, change careers, change whole attitudes and approachesattitudes and approaches

Paraphrase:Paraphrase:take another job, begin a new career, adopt an take another job, begin a new career, adopt an entirely different attitude and approachentirely different attitude and approachSomeone’s career is the series of jobs that they Someone’s career is the series of jobs that they

have in their life, esp. in the same area of work. So, if have in their life, esp. in the same area of work. So, if

a teacher quits teaching in one school and starts a teacher quits teaching in one school and starts

teaching in another, he changes his jobs, but if he teaching in another, he changes his jobs, but if he

quits teaching at all and starts running a business, he quits teaching at all and starts running a business, he

changes his career.changes his career.

Do you know the difference between “change Do you know the difference between “change jobs” and “change careers”?jobs” and “change careers”?

ComprehensionComprehension

Success is greatly admired by the whole country, Success is greatly admired by the whole country, highly respected in newspapers, on radio and highly respected in newspapers, on radio and television … and strongly praised in our approval television … and strongly praised in our approval of wealth.of wealth.

Achievement is the national god, worshipped in Achievement is the national god, worshipped in our media … and glorified in our praise of our media … and glorified in our praise of possessions.possessions.


to justify their expensive education to …to justify their expensive education to …

to prove to … that it is right for them to receive to prove to … that it is right for them to receive such an expensive education; such an expensive education;

to show to … that they can perform as well as or to show to … that they can perform as well as or even better than men for the expensive education even better than men for the expensive education they’ve receivedthey’ve received


as if they were going to the dentistas if they were going to the dentist

as if they were going to sufferas if they were going to suffer

Having one’s teeth treated often causes a lot of Having one’s teeth treated often causes a lot of

pain, and going to the dentist is never a pleasant pain, and going to the dentist is never a pleasant

experience. So students who study medicine under experience. So students who study medicine under

parental pressure feel as if they were going to the parental pressure feel as if they were going to the

dentist when they have to go to their labs.dentist when they have to go to their labs.


when … papers are duewhen … papers are due

when … it is time to hand in paperswhen … it is time to hand in papers


easy to likeeasy to like

= easy to be liked= easy to be liked


they … knew all along that it was what they they … knew all along that it was what they wanted to dowanted to do

they … knew from the very beginning that it they … knew from the very beginning that it (their present profession) was the profession (their present profession) was the profession they wanted to followthey wanted to follow


self-imposedself-imposed

self-inducedself-induced

—— caused or brought about by oneself caused or brought about by oneself

self-indulgentself-indulgent

decided by yourselfdecided by yourself

allowing yourself to allowing yourself to have or do anything have or do anything that you enjoy that you enjoy

self-inflictedself-inflicted (of something bad) (of something bad) done to yourselfdone to yourself

go force (into)go force (into)

—— set out set out

Could you make a sentence by yourself?Could you make a sentence by yourself?

e.g.e.g.

These two young musicians These two young musicians are bound forare bound for international international success.success.

be bound forbe bound for

—— intending to go to; going tointending to go to; going to

e.g.e.g.

He couldn’t He couldn’t conceive ofconceive of a time when he would have no a time when he would have no job.job.

I find it hard to I find it hard to conceive ofconceive of such cruelty. such cruelty.

conceive ofconceive of

—— think ofthink of

• Vocabulary

• StructureStructure

• ClozeCloze

• TranslationTranslation

• Structure WritingStructure Writing

Guided PracticeGuided Practice

《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. III, p. 106Ex. III, p. 106《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. III, p. 106Ex. III, p. 106

VocabularyVocabulary

III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form III. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. Change the form where necessary.where necessary.

1.1. When every student imagines that every other student is When every student imagines that every other student is working harder and doing better, stress is the _____ working harder and doing better, stress is the _____ result.result. inevitableinevitable

2.2. It is my firm _____ that violence is never a It is my firm _____ that violence is never a reasonable reasonable solution to conflict.solution to conflict. convictionconviction

presumablypresumably piercepierce gripgrip segmentsegment grimgrim

inevitableinevitable potentpotent incidentallyincidentally convictionconviction solemnsolemn

commencecommence induceinduce reckonreckon equipequip


3.3. Everyone jumped up when a _____ scream suddenly Everyone jumped up when a _____ scream suddenly broke the silence. broke the silence.

piercingpiercing

4.4. In many cultures a memorial service is a joyful In many cultures a memorial service is a joyful celebration, not a _____ event.celebration, not a _____ event.

solemnsolemn






5.5. The recession has put increasing pressure on the job The recession has put increasing pressure on the job market, so employment prospects for this year’s market, so employment prospects for this year’s graduates are unfortunately rather _____.graduates are unfortunately rather _____.

grimgrim

6.6. If you keep too firm a _____ on your children, they’ll If you keep too firm a _____ on your children, they’ll never learn to think for themselves.never learn to think for themselves.

gripgrip






7.7. I don’t know what _____ Alfred to read your letter. I don’t know what _____ Alfred to read your letter. _____ he thought it was addressed to him._____ he thought it was addressed to him.

induced, Presumablyinduced, Presumably

8.8. What are you thinking of!? This medicine is much too What are you thinking of!? This medicine is much too _____ for a small child!_____ for a small child!

potentpotent






9.9. A large _____ of the population A large _____ of the population —— ______ at about ______ at about 2020% % —— still takes spirit-worship ( still takes spirit-worship ( 神灵崇拜神灵崇拜 ) seriously.) seriously.

segment, reckonedsegment, reckoned

10. Before going on a camping trip, it’s wise to make sure 10. Before going on a camping trip, it’s wise to make sure you’re well _____ for a wide range of emergencies. you’re well _____ for a wide range of emergencies.

equippedequipped






11.11. As soon as the director left the room, Sam _____ to As soon as the director left the room, Sam _____ to entertain us with his wild stories.entertain us with his wild stories.

commencedcommenced

12.12. I talked to Alice last week I talked to Alice last week —— _____, has she returned _____, has she returned the book you lent her? I’d like to borrow it, if you don’t the book you lent her? I’d like to borrow it, if you don’t mind.mind.

incidentallyincidentally






1.1. Hopefully, these informal talks with a mixed bag of Hopefully, these informal talks with a mixed bag of achievers will teach my students something about life.achievers will teach my students something about life.

真希望与各类有成就人士的随意交谈会对我们的学生在真希望与各类有成就人士的随意交谈会对我们的学生在人生认识上有所教益。人生认识上有所教益。

2.2. Most important, once you set a goal you have to work Most important, once you set a goal you have to work for it with great determination.for it with great determination.

HopefullyHopefully

最重要的是，一旦确立了目标你就要非常坚决地为之努最重要的是，一旦确立了目标你就要非常坚决地为之努力。力。

2.2. Most importantMost important, once you set a goal you have to work , once you set a goal you have to work for it with great determination.for it with great determination.

Identify the independent elements in the following sentences, and then translate the sentences into Chinese.

StructureStructure

3.3. It’s a mistake, as I see it, to seek only security and to be It’s a mistake, as I see it, to seek only security and to be too fearful of taking risks. too fearful of taking risks.

以我之见，只求平稳、过于害怕冒险是不对的。以我之见，只求平稳、过于害怕冒险是不对的。

4.4. Many students in medical school or law school are, Many students in medical school or law school are, strictly speaking, studying for their parents.strictly speaking, studying for their parents.

从严格意义上来说，许多医学院和法学院的学生是在为从严格意义上来说，许多医学院和法学院的学生是在为他们的家长而学习。他们的家长而学习。

3.3. It’s a mistake, It’s a mistake, as I see itas I see it, to seek only security and to be , to seek only security and to be too fearful of taking risks. too fearful of taking risks.

4.4. Many students in medical school or law school are, Many students in medical school or law school are, strictly speakingstrictly speaking, studying for their parents., studying for their parents.


StructureStructure

5.5. To tell the truth, teachers are also under enormous To tell the truth, teachers are also under enormous pressure. pressure.

老实说，老师们也有很大压力老实说，老师们也有很大压力 ..

6.6. The problem, in other words, lies in society as a whole.The problem, in other words, lies in society as a whole.


换句话说，问题在于整个社会换句话说，问题在于整个社会 ..

5.5. To tell the truthTo tell the truth, teachers are also under enormous , teachers are also under enormous pressure. pressure.

6.6. The problem, The problem, in other wordsin other words, lies in society as a whole., lies in society as a whole.

StructureStructure

《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. IX, p. 110Ex. IX, p. 110《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. IX, p. 110Ex. IX, p. 110

ClozeCloze

1.1. A) asA) as B) thatB) thatC) whichC) which D) itD) it

2.2. A) consideredA) consideredB) considerateB) considerate C) C) conceivedconceived D) D) itselfitself

3.3. A) asA) as B) for B) for C) onC) on D) inD) in

4.4. A) eventuallyA) eventuallyB) incidentallyB) incidentally C) iC) inevitablynevitably D) addD) additionallyzitionallyz

The term “liberal arts” comes The term “liberal arts” comes

from the Latin root from the Latin root liberliber, meaning , meaning

“free”. This term originally referr“free”. This term originally referr

ed to seven fields of study ed to seven fields of study 1)____1)____, i, i

n ancient Greece, were n ancient Greece, were 2)____2)____ arts arts

of the mind, of the mind, 3)____3)____ contrast to the contrast to the

manual or mechanical arts. The limanual or mechanical arts. The li

beral arts now include fields other beral arts now include fields other

than the original seven (which, than the original seven (which, 4)_4)_

______, were grammar, , were grammar,

1.1. A) asA) as B) thatB) thatC) whichC) which D) itD) it

2.2. A) consideredA) consideredB) considerateB) considerate C) C) conceivedconceived D) D) itselfitself

3.3. A) asA) as B) for B) for C) onC) on D) inD) in

ClozeCloze

IX. Select the most appropriate word from the four choices given.Select the most appropriate word from the four choices given.

4.4. A) eventuallyA) eventuallyB) incidentallyB) incidentally C) iC) inevitablynevitably D) addD) additionallyzitionallyz

5.5. A) overwhelmedA) overwhelmedB) overcomingB) overcoming

C) actualC) actual D) D) incidentalincidental6.6. A) For A) For B) asB) as

C) DuringC) During D) EvenD) Even7.7. A) professionalA) professionalB) wealthyB) wealthy C) C) educatededucated D) D) academicacademic8.8. A) eventuallyA) eventuallyB) by itselfB) by itself C) C) all alongall along D) in D) in itselfitself

rhetoric (rhetoric ( 修辞修辞 ), logic, arithmetic, ), logic, arithmetic,

music, geometry (music, geometry ( 几何几何 ) and astron) and astron

omy), but the basic concept still has omy), but the basic concept still has

an an 5)____5)____ influence on Western ed influence on Western ed

ucation. ucation. 6)____6)____ the Middle Ages, a the Middle Ages, a

liberal arts education was only for liberal arts education was only for

the the 7)____ 7)____ , and was seen as an end , and was seen as an end

8)____8)____: Although it could open doo: Although it could open doo

rs to a rs to a

5.5. A) overwhelmedA) overwhelmedB) overcomingB) overcoming

C) actualC) actual D) D) incidentalincidental6.6. A) For A) For B) asB) as

C) DuringC) During D) EvenD) Even7.7. A) professionalA) professionalB) wealthyB) wealthy C) C) educatededucated D) D) academicacademic

ClozeCloze

8.8. A) eventuallyA) eventuallyB) by itselfB) by itself C) C) all alongall along D) in D) in itselfitself

9.9. A) wealthy A) wealthy B) eventualB) eventualC) professional C) professional D) D) conceivedconceived10.10.A) to considerA) to considerB) to pursueB) to pursue C) C) pursuingpursuing D) D) consideringconsidering

11.11. A) EventuallyA) EventuallyB) InevitablyB) InevitablyC) IncidentallyC) IncidentallyD) ProfessionallyD) Professionally

9)____9)____ career, it was mainly career, it was mainly

regarded as the mark of a regarded as the mark of a

cultivated man. (Women were not cultivated man. (Women were not

permitted permitted 10)____10)____ a liberal arts a liberal arts

education in the Middle Ages). education in the Middle Ages).

11)____11)____, liberal arts faculties were , liberal arts faculties were

established at universities, and the established at universities, and the

9.9. A) wealthy A) wealthy B) eventualB) eventualC) professionalC) professional D) D) conceivedconceived10.10.A) to considerA) to considerB) to pursueB) to pursue C) C) pursuingpursuing D) D) consideringconsidering

ClozeCloze

11.11. A) EventuallyA) EventuallyB) InevitablyB) InevitablyC) IncidentallyC) IncidentallyD) ProfessionallyD) Professionally

12.12. A) all along A) all along B) in itselfB) in itselfC) along with C) along with D) by itselfD) by itself

13.13. A) selfA) selfB) sakeB) sakeC) purposeC) purposeD) schoolD) school

14.14. A) considerationA) considerationB) professionB) professionC) conceptionC) conceptionD) convictionD) conviction

15.15. A) DuringA) During B) InB) InC) As C) As D) ForD) For

liberal arts liberal arts —— 12)____ 12)____ the idea of the idea of

pursuing an education for its own pursuing an education for its own

13)____13)____—— became the standard for became the standard for

higher education in the Western higher education in the Western

world. The world. The 14)____14)____ that education that education

should not be practical has never should not be practical has never

completely died out. completely died out. 15)____15)____

centuries law and medicine were centuries law and medicine were

12.12. A) all along A) all along B) in itselfB) in itselfC) along withC) along with D) by itselfD) by itself

13.13. A) selfA) selfB) sakeB) sakeC) purposeC) purposeD) schoolD) school

ClozeCloze

14.14. A) considerationA) considerationB) professionB) professionC) conceptionC) conceptionD) convictionD) conviction

15.15. A) DuringA) During B) InB) InC) As C) As D) ForD) For

16.16. A) actuallyA) actuallyB) inevitablyB) inevitablyC) eventuallyC) eventuallyD) professionallyD) professionally

17.17. A) asA) as B) forB) forC) inC) in D) likeD) like

18.18. A) actuallyA) actuallyB) by itselfB) by itselfC) in additionC) in additionD) at allD) at all

thought of as primarily theoretical thought of as primarily theoretical

— — 16)____16)____ putting them into putting them into

practice was viewed practice was viewed 17)____17)____ low- low-

class. The natural sciences were class. The natural sciences were

not treated seriously, and fields not treated seriously, and fields

like economics and management like economics and management

didn’t exist didn’t exist 18)____ 18)____ ..

16.16. A) actuallyA) actuallyB) inevitablyB) inevitablyC) eventuallyC) eventuallyD) professionallyD) professionally

17.17. A) asA) as B) forB) forC) inC) in D) likeD) like

18.18. A) actuallyA) actuallyB) by itselfB) by itselfC) in additionC) in additionD) at allD) at all

ClozeCloze

TranslationTranslation

• TranslationTranslation Ex. X Ex. XI

《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. X, p. 112Ex. X, p. 112《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. X, p. 112Ex. X, p. 112


X. X. Translate the following into Chinese.Translate the following into Chinese.

What I wish for all students is some release from the What I wish for all students is some release from the

grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy each grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy each

segment of their education as an experience in itself and not segment of their education as an experience in itself and not

as a tiresome requirement in preparation for the next step. I as a tiresome requirement in preparation for the next step. I

wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn wish them the right to experiment, to trip and fall, to learn

that defeat is as educational as victory and is not the end of that defeat is as educational as victory and is not the end of

the world.the world.

从未来的严酷无情从未来的严酷无情中得到一些解脱中得到一些解脱

What I wish for all students isWhat I wish for all students is some release from the some release from the

grim grip of the futuregrim grip of the future.. I wish them a chance to enjoy each I wish them a chance to enjoy each







grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance togrim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoyenjoy each each

segment of their educationsegment of their education as an experience in itselfas an experience in itself and not and not






grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy each grim grip of the future. I wish them a chance to enjoy each




thatthat defeat is as educational as victorydefeat is as educational as victory and is not the end of and is not the end of


纯粹作为一种经历纯粹作为一种经历来享受来享受

失败如同胜利一失败如同胜利一样具有教育意义样具有教育意义


My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few rights that My wish, of course, is naive. One of the few rights that

America does not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement America does not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement

is the national god, worshipped in our media is the national god, worshipped in our media —— the million- the million-

dollar athlete, the wealthy executive dollar athlete, the wealthy executive —— and glorified in our and glorified in our

praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state

religion, the young are growing up old.religion, the young are growing up old.


America does not proclaim is the right to fail.America does not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement Achievement

is the national godis the national god, worshipped in our media , worshipped in our media —— the million- the million-


praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state

religion, the young are growing up old.religion, the young are growing up old.


America does not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement America does not proclaim is the right to fail. Achievement

is the national god, worshipped in our media is the national god, worshipped in our media —— the million- the million-


praise of possessions.praise of possessions. In the presence of such a potent state In the presence of such a potent state

religionreligion, the young are growing up old., the young are growing up old.

成就是民族之神成就是民族之神

在这样一种强有力在这样一种强有力的国教的熏陶下的国教的熏陶下

X. X. Translate the following into Chinese.Translate the following into Chinese.


《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XI, p. 112Ex. XI, p. 112《读写教程 III 》 : Ex. XI, p. 112Ex. XI, p. 112


XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.XIV. Translate the following sentences into English.

1.1. 我们想提醒我们亲爱的观众，敬请体谅他人我们想提醒我们亲爱的观众，敬请体谅他人 ,, 在晚上十点在晚上十点以后调低你的电视机音量。以后调低你的电视机音量。

remind … toremind … to

We’d like to remind our viewers to be considerate We’d like to remind our viewers to be considerate

to your neighbors and keep your TVs turned down to your neighbors and keep your TVs turned down

after 10 PM.after 10 PM.

be considerate to be considerate to

keep your TVs turned downkeep your TVs turned down


2.2. 我希望我的忠告对处于压力下的学生们会起作用：前面我希望我的忠告对处于压力下的学生们会起作用：前面的路有着许多不能预见的机遇。的路有着许多不能预见的机遇。

under pressureunder pressure

I hope my advice will work on the students under I hope my advice will work on the students under

pressure pressure — the road ahead is full of unforeseen — the road ahead is full of unforeseen

opportunities.opportunities.

work on sb.work on sb.unforeseenunforeseen


3.3. 顺便说一句，琳达是个腼腆的人顺便说一句，琳达是个腼腆的人 ,, 在那么多的生人面前在那么多的生人面前讲讲话，她会感到不自然。话，她会感到不自然。

Incidentally Incidentally

Incidentally, Linda is a shy person who might feel Incidentally, Linda is a shy person who might feel

uneasy about speaking in the presence of so many uneasy about speaking in the presence of so many

strangers.strangers.

in the presence in the presence

feel uneasy about doingfeel uneasy about doing


4.4. 要在学习上取得进步要在学习上取得进步 ,, 学生需要具备独立学习的技能而学生需要具备独立学习的技能而不不是事事都依靠教师。是事事都依靠教师。

get ahead in their studiesget ahead in their studies

In order to get ahead in their studies, students need In order to get ahead in their studies, students need

to equip themselves with independent-study skills to equip themselves with independent-study skills

instead of relying on their teachers for everything.instead of relying on their teachers for everything.

equip oneself with equip oneself with

rely on sb. for everythingrely on sb. for everything


5. 5. 现在的年青人变得老成，他们确信成就是以拥有多少财现在的年青人变得老成，他们确信成就是以拥有多少财产来衡量的。产来衡量的。

are growing up oldare growing up old

Young people nowadays are growing up old, with Young people nowadays are growing up old, with

the conviction that achievement is measured by how the conviction that achievement is measured by how

many possessions they own.many possessions they own.

is measured byis measured by


66 ．许多学生为他们利用部分时间打工辩解，说这会减少他．许多学生为他们利用部分时间打工辩解，说这会减少他们的经济压力。们的经济压力。

working part time working part time

Many students justify their working part time by Many students justify their working part time by

saying that it reduces their economic pressure.saying that it reduces their economic pressure.

justify … by sayingjustify … by saying


77 ．你现在必须马上做的是填好在你来时给你的表格。．你现在必须马上做的是填好在你来时给你的表格。

fill in the forms fill in the forms

What you need to do right now is to fill in the forms What you need to do right now is to fill in the forms

you were given when you arrived.you were given when you arrived.


88 ．就事业本身而言，需要一个人毕生的奉献，但是这并不．就事业本身而言，需要一个人毕生的奉献，但是这并不意味着进入一种职业后就要坚持不懈地一直干下去。意味着进入一种职业后就要坚持不懈地一直干下去。

a career in itselfa career in itself

A career in itself requires one’s lifelong devotion, A career in itself requires one’s lifelong devotion, but it does not mean that after you get into a but it does not mean that after you get into a profession you must continue all along.profession you must continue all along.

get into a professionget into a profession

continue all alongcontinue all along


In the second part of text A (In the second part of text A (Paras 5 to 14), the major wriParas 5 to 14), the major writing technique the author uses is ting technique the author uses is LISTINGLISTING..

Structured WritingStructured Writing

Sample EssaySample EssaySample EssaySample Essay

Write your ownWrite your ownWrite your ownWrite your own

Example in text AExample in text AExample in text AExample in text A

Structured WritingStructured Writing

One of the aims of Text A is to explain the types of pressure One of the aims of Text A is to explain the types of pressure

that the author sees affecting students. He starts his section that the author sees affecting students. He starts his section

of his article with a simple list of the four kinds of pressure of his article with a simple list of the four kinds of pressure

he sees:he sees:

I see four kinds of pressure working on college students I see four kinds of pressure working on college students

today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure, today: economic pressure, parental pressure, peer pressure,

and self-induced pressure.and self-induced pressure.

Then in the next several paragraphs, he explains each kind Then in the next several paragraphs, he explains each kind

of pressure in detail.of pressure in detail.

Example in Text AExample in Text AStructured WritingStructured Writing

I see two main advantages in eating I see two main advantages in eating in the campus cafeterias: the social in the campus cafeterias: the social advantage and the economic advantage. advantage and the economic advantage.

Today it is usual to find campus Today it is usual to find campus cafeterias full of joyful, friendly students cafeterias full of joyful, friendly students that are a pleasure to dine with. Eating that are a pleasure to dine with. Eating together is a social advantage that allows together is a social advantage that allows students a chance to meet people of the students a chance to meet people of the same interests and concerns about their same interests and concerns about their future, etc. Once I made friends withfuture, etc. Once I made friends with

Present the Present the main point of main point of view at the view at the beginning.beginning.


Today it is usual to find campus Today it is usual to find campus cafeterias full of joyful, friendly students cafeterias full of joyful, friendly students that are a pleasure to dine with. Eating that are a pleasure to dine with. Eating together is a social advantage that allows together is a social advantage that allows students a chance to meet people of the students a chance to meet people of the same interests and concerns about their same interests and concerns about their future, etc. Once I made friends withfuture, etc. Once I made friends with


Today it is usual to find campus Today it is usual to find campus cafeterias full of joyful, friendly students cafeterias full of joyful, friendly students that are a pleasure to dine with. that are a pleasure to dine with. Eating Eating together is a social advantage that allows together is a social advantage that allows students a chance to meet people of the students a chance to meet people of the same interests and concerns about their same interests and concerns about their future, etc.future, etc. Once I made friends with Once I made friends with

Present the Present the social social advantage.advantage.

Sample EssaySample EssayStructured WritingStructured Writing

an English major in one of my favorite an English major in one of my favorite campus cafeterias, who turned out to be campus cafeterias, who turned out to be of great help when I tried to translate of great help when I tried to translate my graduation thesis into English. my graduation thesis into English.

The economic advantage and the The economic advantage and the social advantage are deeply intertwined: social advantage are deeply intertwined: The campus cafeterias are much The campus cafeterias are much cheaper than off-campus restaurants. So cheaper than off-campus restaurants. So it is not surprising for students whoit is not surprising for students who

Present a case Present a case to support the to support the idea.idea.

A transitional A transitional sentence.sentence.

an English major in one of my favorite an English major in one of my favorite campus cafeterias, who turned out to be campus cafeterias, who turned out to be of great help when I tried to translate of great help when I tried to translate my graduation thesis into English. my graduation thesis into English.

The economic advantage and the The economic advantage and the social advantage are deeply intertwined: social advantage are deeply intertwined: The campus cafeterias are much The campus cafeterias are much cheaper than off-campus restaurants. So cheaper than off-campus restaurants. So it is not surprising for students whoit is not surprising for students who

an English major in one of my favorite an English major in one of my favorite campus cafeterias, who turned out to be campus cafeterias, who turned out to be of great help when I tried to translate of great help when I tried to translate my graduation thesis into English.my graduation thesis into English.

The economic advantage and the The economic advantage and the social advantage are deeply intertwined:social advantage are deeply intertwined: The campus cafeterias are much The campus cafeterias are much cheaper than off-campus restaurants. So cheaper than off-campus restaurants. So it is not surprising for students whoit is not surprising for students who

an English major in one of my favorite an English major in one of my favorite campus cafeterias, who turned out to be campus cafeterias, who turned out to be of great help when I tried to translate of great help when I tried to translate my graduation thesis into English.my graduation thesis into English.

The economic advantage and the The economic advantage and the social advantage are deeply intertwined:social advantage are deeply intertwined: The campus cafeterias are much The campus cafeterias are much cheaper than off-campus restaurants.cheaper than off-campus restaurants. So So it is not surprising for students whoit is not surprising for students who

Present the Present the economic economic advantage.advantage.


wander off campus in search of a meal wander off campus in search of a meal to find themselves sitting alone with no to find themselves sitting alone with no one to talk to. one to talk to.

That's the reason why most of the That's the reason why most of the students usually eat in the campus students usually eat in the campus cafeterias if they don't have a special cafeterias if they don't have a special need to eat out. need to eat out.

A conclusion.A conclusion.

wander off campus in search of a meal wander off campus in search of a meal to find themselves sitting alone with no to find themselves sitting alone with no one to talk to. one to talk to.

That's the reason why most of the That's the reason why most of the students usually eat in the campus students usually eat in the campus cafeterias if they don't have a special cafeterias if they don't have a special need to eat out. need to eat out.


Use the writing technique of Use the writing technique of LISTINGLISTING to write a short to write a short composition of about 150 words. Here are some ideas you can composition of about 150 words. Here are some ideas you can choose from if you like.choose from if you like.

the two or three main areas of campus life that need the two or three main areas of campus life that need improvementimprovement

some reasons why women live longer than mensome reasons why women live longer than men

the two or three main reasons why learning English is so much the two or three main reasons why learning English is so much fun fun

your two or three main reasons for majoring in your fieldyour two or three main reasons for majoring in your field

Write Your OwnWrite Your OwnStructured WritingStructured Writing

1.1. Review Text AReview Text A

2.2. Do exercises:Do exercises:

•• StructureStructure (Ex.VIII, p.110)(Ex.VIII, p.110)

•• ClozeCloze (Ex. IX, p. 110)(Ex. IX, p. 110)

•• Translation Translation (Ex. X & XI, p. 112)(Ex. X & XI, p. 112)

AssignmentAssignmentAssignmentAssignment

21st Century College English: Book III College Pressures Unit 4: Text A.

Documents

Transcript of 21st Century College English: Book III College Pressures Unit 4: Text A.