2/19 Focus: 2/19 Focus: – During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China was unified, government was...
Transcript of 2/19 Focus: 2/19 Focus: – During the Tang and Song Dynasties, China was unified, government was...
• 2/19 Focus: 2/19 Focus: – During the Tang and Song Dynasties, During the Tang and Song Dynasties,
China was unified, government was China was unified, government was efficient, and society was stableefficient, and society was stable
• Do Now: Do Now: – What did the Mandate of Heaven What did the Mandate of Heaven
explain?explain?
Chinese EmpiresChinese Empires
The Tang and Song The Tang and Song DynastiesDynasties
The Han DynastyThe Han Dynasty
• Had ruled China from 206 BC-220 AD
• Dynasty collapsed and military leaders divided China into rival kingdoms
The Period of DisunionThe Period of Disunion
• Disorder and warfare in China • Nomads invade Northern China and
form their own kingdoms– Some adopted parts of Chinese culture
• Many Chinese in North fled to the South– Culture of North and South blended– Flowering in the arts and philosophy
occurs
The Sui DynastyThe Sui Dynasty
• Northern ruler Wendi unites China in 589 – Ended period of disunion – Worked to centralize government – Restored legal codes
The Sui DynastyThe Sui Dynasty• Built the Grand Canal – Connected northern
and southern China• Increased trade• Allowed food from
farms in the south to be sent to cities in the north
– Forced millions of peasants to work on canal• Many workers died• Forced labor on public
works projects angered peasants
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The Sui DynastyThe Sui Dynasty• Discontent with Sui
rulers led to the decline of the dynasty in 618– Wendi’s son
Emperor Yang Di is assassinated
The Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty
• Tang ruled China from 618-907 AD– Started by Tang Taizong in 618
• Extended the empire into Tibet, Manchuria, Korea, and Vietnam– Tributary states• Were independent but had to send tribute to
China
The Tang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty
• Expansion and contact with Japan led to increased foreign trade and economic prosperity
Tang GovernmentTang Government • Established a strong
central government – Government workers
were required to pass civil service exams
– Schools were built to prepare civil service workers
– Established a flexible legal code
– Ideals of Confucianism reflected in government
The Age of BuddhismThe Age of Buddhism • Buddhism had grown
during the period of disunion
• Early Tang rulers supported Buddhism in China – Constructed Buddhist
temples– Buddhist missionaries
spread Buddhism across Asia
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The Age of BuddhismThe Age of Buddhism
• Later Tang rulers saw Buddhism as a threat and began to attack it– Burned Buddhist texts and destroyed
temples
• Weakened Buddhism in China but it would survive– Blended with Taoism and Confucianism
ClosureClosure
• What was the impact of the construction of the Grand Canal on China?
• How did the Tang create an efficient government?
• 2/20 Focus:–During the Tang and Song Dynasties,
farming and trade flourished– China made great advances in art,
literature, architecture, and technology under the rule of the Tang and Song
• Do Now:–What Chinese philosophy was
reflected in the Tang government?
Tang Land ReformsTang Land Reforms
• Land was taken from large landowners and redistributed to the peasants – Landowners had less power– increased revenues to the government
from taxes on peasants
Decline of Tang DynastyDecline of Tang Dynasty
• Reasons for decline in the late 750’s–Military defeats in central Asia– Tax revolts by peasants – Nomadic invasions
The Song DynastyThe Song Dynasty
• China entered into a period of disorder after the collapse of the Tang– Lasted for 53 years – “The Period of the Five Dynasties and
Ten Kingdoms”
• The Song Dynasty reunited China in 960 AD. – Ruled for 3OO years
Tang and Song Social Tang and Song Social OrderOrder
• Established a strict social order – Gentry • Wealthy
landowners• Some become
civil servants
– Peasants • farmers
–Merchants
•
•
Status of Women Under Status of Women Under the Tang and Songthe Tang and Song
• Women were considered inferior to men
• Foot binding – Goal was to create
small feet (“lotus”) by restricting the growth of the foot• 3-4 inches long• Done between ages 3 -
11
• •
•
Tang and Song Tang and Song AchievementsAchievements
• Expanded Trade – Traded with India,
Persia, and the Middle East along the silk road
– Became expert shipbuilders and became a naval power• The Chinese Junk
Tang and Song Achievements
• Made improvements in farming which increased food productive
• Fast ripening rice could be harvested 2-3 times a year• New methods of
farming
– Lead to population increases and increased trade
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Tang and Song Golden Tang and Song Golden AgeAge
• China entered a golden age during both the Tang and Song dynasties
• Architecture – Pagodas
Tang and Song Golden Age
• Art – Landscape
painting– use of
calligraphy• Artistic
handwriting
Tang and Song Golden Tang and Song Golden AgeAge
Tang and SongSong Golden Age
• Technological Innovations –Moveable type
and block printing
– Paper Money– Porcelain – Gunpowder –Magnetic
Compass
•
ClosureClosure
• What was the impact of improved farming techniques on China?
• Identify two advances that were made during the Tang and Song golden age