214 Bo Thu Trong Tieng Han
Transcript of 214 Bo Thu Trong Tieng Han
-
Cch vit, ngha 214 b ch trong ting Trung Quc
B th l mt yu t quan trng ca Hn t, gip vic tra cu Hn t tng i d dng v nhiu
ch c gom thnh nhm c chung mt b th. T i Hn, Ha Thn phn loi ch Hn
thnh 540 nhm hay cn gi l 540 b. Th d, nhng ch , , u lin quan ti ngn
ng, li ni, m lun v.v nn c xp chung vo mt b, ly b phn (ngn) lm b th
(cng gi l thin bng ). n i Minh, Mai ng T xp gn li cn 214 b th
v c dng lm tiu chun cho n nay. Phn ln cc b th ca 214 b u l ch tng hnh
v hu nh dng lm b phn ch ngha trong cc ch theo cu to hnh thanh (hay hi thanh).
Mi ch hnh thanh gm b phn ch ngha (hay ngha ph ) v b phn ch m (hay m
ph ). a s Hn t l ch hnh thanh, nn tinh thng b th l mt iu kin thun li tm
hiu hnh-m-ngha ca Hn t. Phn sau y gii thch ngha 214 b, trnh by nh sau:
B B TN B
PHIN M NGHA
1. NHT yi s mt
2. CN kn nt s
3. CH zh im, chm
4. PHIT pi nt s xin qua tri
PHT F nt s xin qua tri dng 2
Y nt s xin qua tri dng 3
5. T y v tr th 2 trong thin can
T Yn v tr th 2 trong thin can dng 2
T Ya v tr th 2 trong thin can dng 3
-
6. QUYT ju nt s c mc
7. NH r s hai
8. U tu
9. ( ) ( ) NHN (NHN NG)
rn ngi
10. NHI r Tr con
11. NHP r vo
12. BT b s tm
13. QUYNH jing vng bin gii xa; hoang a
14. MCH m trm khn ln
15. BNG bng nc
16. K j gh da
17. KHM kn h ming
18. () () AO do con dao, cy ao (v kh)
19. LC l sc mnh
20. BAO b bao bc
21. CHY b ci tha (ci mung)
22. PHNG fng t ng
23. H x che y, giu gim
24. THP sh s mi
25. BC b xem bi
26. TIT ji t tre
27. HN hn sn ni, vch
28. KH, T s ring t
29. HU yu li na, mt ln na
-
30. KHU ku ci ming
31. VI wi vy quanh
32. TH t t
33. S sh k s
34. TR zh n pha sau
35. TUY si i chm
36. TCH x m ti
37. I d to ln
38. N n n gii, con gi, n b
39. T z con trai; TNX ngi th 2
40. MIN min mi nh, mi che
41. THN cn n v tc (o chiu di)
42. TIU xio nh b
43. UNG wng yu ui
44. THI sh xc cht, thy ma
45. TRIT ch mm non, c non mi mc
46. SN shn ni non
47. XUYN chun sng ngi
48. CNG gng ngi th, cng vic
49. K j bn thn mnh
50. CN jn ci khn
51. CAN gn thin can, can d
52. YU yo nh nhn
53. NGHIM n mi nh
-
54. DN yn bc di
55. CNG gng chp tay
56. DC y bn, chim ly
57. CUNG gng ci cung ( bn tn)
58. K j u con nhm
59. SAM shn lng, tc di
60. XCH ch bc chn tri
61. () () TM (TM NG) xn qu tim, tm tr, tm lng 62. QUA g cy qua (mt th binh kh di)
63. H h ca mt cnh
64. () () TH (TI GY) shu tay 65. CHI zh cnh nhnh
66. () () PHC p nh kh 67. VN wn vn v, vn chng, v sng
68. U du ci u ong
69. CN jn ci ba, ru
70. PHNG fng vung
71. V w khng
72. NHT r ngy, mt tri
73. VIT yu ni rng
74. NGUYT yu thng, mt trng
75. MC m g, cy ci
76. KHIM qin khim khuyt, thiu vng
77. CH zh dng li
-
78. I di xu xa, t hi
79. TH sh binh kh di, ci gy
80. V w ch, ng
81. T b so snh
82. MAO mo lng
83. TH sh h
84. KH q hi nc
85. () () THY shi nc 86. () () HA hu la
87. TRO zho mng vut cm th
88. PH f cha
89. HO yo ho m, ho dng (Kinh Dch)
90. () () TNG qing mnh g, ci ging 91. PHIN pin mnh, tm, ming
92. NHA y rng
93. ( ) ( ) NGU nu tru 94. () () KHUYN qun con ch 95. HUYN xun mu en huyn, huyn b
96. NGC y qu, ngc
97. QUA gu qu da
98. NGA w ngi
99. CAM gn ngt
100. SINH shng sinh , sinh sng
101. DNG yng dng
-
102. IN tin rung
103. () () THT p n v o chiu di, tm (vi)
104. NCH n bnh tt
105. BT b gt ngc li, tr li
106. BCH bi mu trng
107. B p da
108. MNH mn bt da
109. MC m mt
110. MU mo cy gio m
111. TH sh cy tn, mi tn
112. THCH sh
113. () () TH (K) sh ch th; thn t 114. NHU ru vt chn, lt chn
115. HA h la
116. HUYT xu hang l
117. LP l ng, thnh lp
118. TRC zh tre trc
119. M m go
120. (-)
(-)
MCH m si t nh
121. PHU fu snh
122. (- )
(- )
VNG wng ci li
123. DNG yng con d
-
124. () () V y lng v 125. LO lo gi
126. NHI r m, v
127. LI li ci cy
128. NH r tai (l tai)
129. DUT y cy bt
130. NHC ru tht
131. THN chn by ti
132. T z t bn thn, k t
133. CH zh n
134. CU ji ci ci gi go
135. THIT sh ci li
136. SUYN chun sai suyn, sai lm
137. CHU zhu ci thuyn
138. CN gn qu Cn (Kinh Dch); dng, bn cng 139. SC s mu, dng v, n sc
140. () () THO co c 141. H H vn vn ca con h
142. TRNG chng su b
143. HUYT xu mu
144. HNH xng i, thi hnh, lm c
145. () () Y y o 146. y che y, p ln
147. ( ) ( ) KIN jin trng thy
-
148. GIC ju gc, sng th
149. () () NGN yn ni 150. CC g khe nc chy gia hai ni
151. U du ht u, cy u
152. TH sh con heo, con ln
153. TRI zh loi su khng chn
154. () () BI bi vt bu 155. XCH ch mu
156. TU zu i, chy
157. TC z chn, y
158. THN shn thn th, thn mnh
159. () () XA ch chic xe 160. TN xn cay, vt v
161. THN chn nht, nguyt, tinh; thn (12 chi); chi th 5 a chi 162. ( ) ( ) QUAI XC chu cht bc i cht dng li 163. () () P y vng t, t phong cho quan 164. DU yu mt trong 12 a chi
165. BIN bin phn bit
166. L l dm; lng xm
167 KIM jn kim loi; vng
168. (- )
(- )
TRNG chng di; ln (trng)
169. () () MN mn ca hai cnh 170. () () PH f ng t, g t
-
171. I di kp, kp n
172. TRUY, CHUY zhu chim ui ngn
173. V y ma
174. () () THANH qng mu xanh 175. PHI fi khng
176. ( ) ( ) DIN min mt, b mt 177. CCH g da th; thay i, ci cch
178. () () VI wi da thuc ri 179. PH, CU ji rau ph (h)
180. M yn m thanh, ting
181. () () HIT y u; trang giy
182. (-)
(-)
PHONG fng gi
183. () () PHI fi bay
184. ( -)
( -)
THC sh n
185. TH shu u
186. HNG xing mi hng, hng thm
187. ( ) ( ) M m con nga 188. CT g xng
189. CAO go cao
190. BU, TIU bio tc di; sam (shn)=c ph mi nh 191. U du chng nhau, chin u
192. SNG chng ru np; bao ng cy cung
-
193. CCH g l tn mt con sng xa
ci nh
194. QU gi con qu
195. ( ) ( ) NG y con c 196. () () IU nio con chim 197. L l t mn
198. LC l con hu
199. () () MCH m la mch 200. MA m cy gai
201. HONG hung mu vng
202. TH sh la np
203. HC hi mu en
204. CH zh may o, khu v
205. MNH mn con ch; c gng (mnh min)
206. NH dng ci nh
207. C g ci trng
208. TH sh con chut
209. T b ci mi
210. ( -)
( -)
T q ngang bng, cng nhau
211. ( -)
( -)
X ch rng
212. () () LONG lng con rng
213. (-)
(-)
QUY gu con ra
214. DC yu so 3 l
-
1 Nt 1. ( Y ) Nht => S mt
2. () Cn => Nt s
3. ( Zh ) Ch => im, chm
4. ( Pi ) Phit => Nt s xin qua tri
5. ( Y ) t => V tr th 2 trong thin can
6. ( Ju ) Quyt => Nt s c mc
*********************************
2 Nt 7. ( r ) Nh => s hai
8. ( Tu ) u => (khng c ngha)
9. ( Rn ) Nhn () => ngi
10. ( Er ) Nhi => tr con
11. ( R ) Nhp => vo
12. ( B ) Bt => s tm
13. ( Jing ) Quynh => vng bin gii xa; hoang a
14. ( M ) Mch => trm khn ln
15. ( Bng ) Bng => nc
16. ( J ) K => gh da
17. ( Qin ) Khm => h ming
18. ( Do ) ao () => con dao, cy ao (v kh)
19. ( L ) Lc => sc mnh
20. ( Bo ) Bao => bao bc
21. ( B ) Chu => ci tha (ci mung)
22. ( Fng ) Phng => t ng
23. ( X ) H => che y, giu gim
24. ( Sh ) Thp => s mi
25. ( Bo ) Bc => xem bi
26. ( Ji ) Tit => t tre
27. ( Chng ) Hn, Xng => sn ni, vch
-
28. ( S ) Kh, t => ring t
29. ( Yu ) Hu => li na, mt ln na
*********************************
3 Nt 30. khu => ci ming
31. vi => vy quanh
32. th => t
33. s => k s
34. tr => n pha sau
35. truy => i chm
36. tch => m ti
37. i => to ln
38. n => n gii, con gi, n b
39. t => con
40. min => mi nh mi che
41. thn => n v tc (o chiu di)
42. tiu => nh b
43. ung => yu ui
44. thi => xc cht, thy ma
45. trit => mm non, c non mi mc
46. sn => ni non
47. xuyn => sng ngi
48. cng => ngi th, cng vic
49. k => bn thn mnh
50. cn => ci khn
51. can => thin can, can d
52. yu => nh nhn
53. nghim => mi nh
54. dn => bc di
55. cng => chp tay
-
56. dc => bn, chim ly
57. cung => ci cung ( bn tn)
58. k => u con nhm
59 sam 1=> lng tc di
60. xch => bc chn tri
********************************
4 Nt 61. tm ()=> qu tim, tm tr, tm lng
62. qua => cy qua (mt th binh kh di)
63. h 6=> ca mt cnh 64. th ()=> tay
65. chi => cnh nhnh
66. phc ()=> nh kh
67. vn => vn v, vn chng, v sng
68. u 7=> ci u ong
69. cn => ci ba, ru
70. phng 9=> vung
71. v => khng
72. nht => ngy, mt tri
73. vit => ni rng
74. nguyt => thng, mt trng
75. mc => g, cy ci
76. khim => khim khuyt, thiu vng
77. ch => dng li
78. i => xu xa, t hi
79. th => binh kh di
80. v => ch, ng
81. t => so snh
82. mao B=> lng
83. th => h
-
84. kh => hi nc
85. thu ()=> nc
86. ha ()=> la
87. tro => mng vut cm th
88. ph => cha
89. ho => ho m, ho dng (Kinh Dch)
90. tng ()=> mnh g, ci ging
91. phin => mnh, tm, ming
92. nha => rng
93. ngu ( )=> tru
94. khuyn ()=> con ch
**********************************
5 Nt 95. huyn => mu en huyn, huyn b
96. ngc => qu, ngc
97. qua => qu da
98. nga => ngi
99. cam => ngt
100. sinh => sinh , sinh sng
101. dng => dng
102. in => rung
103. tht ( ) => n v o chiu di, tm (vi)
104. nch => bnh tt
105. bt => gt ngc li, tr li
106. bch => mu trng
107. b => da
108. mnh => bt da
109. mc => mt
110. mu => cy gio m
111. th => cy tn, mi tn
-
112. thch =>
113. th; k () => ch th; thn t
114. nhu => vt chn, lt chn
115. ha => la
116. huyt => hang l
117. lp => ng, thnh lp
*******************************
6 Nt 118. trc => tre trc
119. m 7C73 => go
120. mch (, ) => si t nh
121. phu => snh
122. vng (, ) => ci li
123. dng => con d
124. v () => lng v
125. lo => gi
126. nhi => m, v
127. li => ci cy
128. nh => tai (l tai)
129. dut => cy bt
130. nhc => tht
131. thn => by ti
132. t => t bn thn, k t
133. ch => n
134. cu => ci ci gi go
135. thit => ci li
136. suyn => sai suyn, sai lm
137. chu => ci thuyn
138. cn => qu Cn (Kinh Dch); dng, bn cng
139. sc => mu, dng v, n sc
-
140. tho () => c
141. h => vn vn ca con h
142. trng => su b
143. huyt => mu
144. hnh => i, thi hnh, lm c
145. y () => o
146. => che y, p ln
*******************************
7 Nt 147. kin () => trng thy
148. gic => gc, sng th
149. ngn => ni
150. cc => khe nc chy gia hai ni, thung lng
151. u => ht u, cy u
152. th => con heo, con ln
153. tri => loi su khng chn
154. bi () => vt bu
155. xch => mu
156. tu ,() => i, chy
157. tc => chn, y
158. thn => thn th, thn mnh
159. xa () => chic xe
160. tn => cay
161. thn => nht, nguyt, tinh; thn (12 chi)
162. sc ( ) => cht bc i cht dng li
163. p () => vng t, t phong cho quan
164. du => mt trong 12 a chi
165. bin => phn bit
166. l => dm; lng xm
-
*****************************
8 Nt 167. kim => kim loi; vng
168. trng ( , ) => di; ln (trng)
169. mn () => ca hai cnh
170. ph () => ng t, g t
171. i => kp, kp n
172. truy, chuy => chim ui ngn
173. v => ma
174. thanh () => mu xanh
175. phi => khng
******************************
9 Nt 176. din () => mt, b mt
177. cch => da th; thay i, ci cch
178. vi () => da thuc ri
179. ph, cu => rau ph (h)
180. m => m thanh, ting
181. hit () => u; trang giy
182. phong (, ) => gi
183. phi () => bay
184. thc (, ) => n
185. th => u
186. hng => mi hng, hng thm
******************************
10 Nt 187. m () => con nga
188. ct => xng
189. cao => cao
190. bu, tiu => tc di; sam => c ph mi nh
-
191. u => chng nhau, chin u
192. sng => ru np; bao ng cy cung
193. cch => tn mt con sng xa; => ci nh
194. qu => con qu
*********************************
11 Nt 195. ng () => con c
196. iu () => con chim
197. l => t mn
198. lc => con hu
199. mch () => la mch
200. ma => cy gai
******************************
12 Nt 201. hong => mu vng
202. th => la np
203. hc => mu en
204. ch => may o, khu v
******************************
13 Nt 205. mnh => con ch; c gng (mnh min)
206. nh => ci nh
207. c => ci trng
208. th => con chut
******************************
14 Nt 209. t => ci mi
210. t (, ) => ngang bng, cng nhau
******************************
15 Nt
-
211. x (, ) => rng
******************************
16 Nt 212. long ( ) => con rng
213. quy (, ) => con ra
******************************
17 Nt 214. dc => so 3 l
-
Theo thng k ca i hc Yale (trong Dictionary of Spoken Chinese,
1966), cc ch Hn c tn s s dng cao nht thng thng thuc 50 b th
sau y:
1. nhn () - b 9
2. ao () - b 18
3. lc - b 19
4. khu - b 30
5. vi - b 31
6. th - b 32
7. i - b 37
8. n - b 38
9. min - b 40
10. sn - b 46
11. cn - b 50
12. nghim - b 53
13. xch - b 60
14. tm () - b 61
15. th () - b 64
16. phc () - b 66
17. nht - b 72
18. mc - b 75
19. thu () - b 85
20. ho () - b 86
21. ngu - b 93
22. khuyn () - b 94
23. ngc - b 96
24. in - b 102
25. nch - b 104
26. mc - b 109
27. thch - b 112
28. ho - b 115
29. trc - b 118
30. m - b 119
31. mch - b 120
32. nhc ( ) - b 130
33. tho () - b 140
34. trng - b 142
35. y () - b 145
36. ngn - b 149
37. bi - b 154
38. tc - b 157
39. xa - b 159
40. sc - b 162
41. p+ (phi) - b 163
42. kim - b 167
43. mn - b 169
44. ph - (tri) - b 170
45. v - b 173
46. hit - b 181
47. thc - b 184
48. m - b 187
49. ng - b 195
50. iu - b 196