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• 2/13 Focus:2/13 Focus:– During the High Middle Ages, many During the High Middle Ages, many
changes took place in Europe. changes took place in Europe. The growth of trade brought about The growth of trade brought about new business practices and bigger new business practices and bigger townstowns
• Do Now:Do Now: –What was Joan of Arcs contribution to the
Hundred Years War?– Add Parliament and guilds to the word bank
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Test Review
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The Early Middle Ages
Causes Effects
The Fall of Rome
Frequent invasions from barbarians such as the Vikings Roman road networks become unsafe to travel on
People flee cities to go live in countryside
Trade declinesTrade declines
Knowledge and learning Knowledge and learning declinedecline
People have to become self sufficientPeople have to become self sufficient
Lack of central governmentLack of central government
Development of feudalism and the Development of feudalism and the manorial system manorial system
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• During the Early Middle Ages, a tribe known as the Franks took over Gaul, today Gaul is modern day
• Clovis I, King of the Franks, converted to _____________ and gained the support of the Church
France
Christianity
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• Charles Martel stopped the spread of Islam into Western Europe when he defeated the Moors at the Battle of _________________
• ____________________ was crowned Holy Roman Empire by the pope and was able to establish an empire that stretched across modern day France, Germany, and part of Italy
ToursCharlemagne
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• occurs when there is weak centralized government and the people need ______________
• King divides __________in exchange for military service and loyalty
• __________ hold the real power
protection
land
Nobles
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• _______________ based on the amount of land owned
• Knights follow a code of conduct known as __________________
• ___________ are bound to the land
Power
Chivalry Serfs
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• Lords give knights land• Knights give – lords loyalty and protection – give serfs protection and allow to farm
land
• Serfs work the land
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• ______________ system that developed along with Feudalism
• Primary economic activity was __________________
• Manor was based on the concept of __________________
Agriculture
Self- sufficiency
Economic
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• served as a _________________ force in Western Europe after the fall of Rome
• __________ in monasteries helped preserve Greek and Roman knowledge
• Popes had spiritual influence over followers and over time developed ___________ power
Unifying
Monks
secular
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• Popes were able to influence political leaders by threatening to _________________ rulers who did not follow the Church
• Popes and rulers often had conflicts over power in Europe – Pope Gregory tried to expand power of the
church over rulers– Investiture Controversy developed over the
right to appoint bishops
excommunicate
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• William of Normandy conquers England at the _______________________in 1066 – Gave lands to Norman supporters;
determines who builds castles and where
– Takes a census of called the _____________________in order to create an efficient tax system
Battle of Hastings
Domesday Book
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• King John is forced to sign the ________________–Limited the power of the ________________–King must obey the law –Magna Carta leads to the formation of the ____________
Magna Carta
King
Parliament
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• Effects: – Trade increased – Kings gain more power– Increased cultural diffusion with the
Muslim world– Relations between Christian, Jews, and
Muslims became strained
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• Horse Collar • Iron Plow • Three Field System
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Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution
• __________________ increased as a result of contact with Asia during the Crusades
• ______________ dominated trade in southern Europe; Flanders in the north – Examples: Genoa, Venice; Hanseatic
League
Trade
Italian city-states
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Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution
• Formation of towns helped weaken ________________
• Demand increased for ____________ rather than barter
feudalism
currency
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Commercial RevolutionCommercial Revolution
• ___________ developed to protect and invest people’s money
• Skilled workers and merchants formed _____________ to set prices and standards for quality
Banking
guilds
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Art/Architecture/Art/Architecture/Philosophy/Philosophy/LiteratureLiterature
• Architecture reflected the _________________ and use of __________________ to construct much taller buildings and huge stained glass windows.
Gothic style Flying buttress
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Art/Architecture/Art/Architecture/Philosophy/Philosophy/LiteratureLiterature
• ___________________and _______________ are examples of medieval literature
• _________________ studied Greek philosophy; tried to use reason and logic to support Christian religious beliefs
Song of RolandCanterbury Tales
Thomas Aquinas
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One Hundred Years War
• War between England and France • Began over dispute over succession
to the French throne • Joan of Arc helped turn the tide of
the war for the French• War showed that Knights were no
longer effective in war • Contributed to the end of the feudal
system