2.1 Product Life Cycle Design
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Transcript of 2.1 Product Life Cycle Design
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
carlo vezzolipolitecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy
Learning Network on Sustainability
course System Design for Sustainabilitysubject 2. Introduction to product Life Cicle Design (LCD)
learning resource 2.1Product Life Cycle Design
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
CONTENTS Product design environmental requirementsDamaging environmental effectsLife cycle assessment (LCA) Life Cycle Design approach: life cycle + functional
Product Life Cycle Design criteriaResources minimisationLow impact resources selectionProduct life optimisationMaterial life extensionDesign for disassembly
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
the discipline integratingENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTSwithin the product design process:
(product) LIFE CYCLE DESIGN(or eco-design, design for the environment, …)
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
PRODUCT DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
- RELATED TO: (DAMAGING) ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
- ASSOCIATED HOW (TO A PRODUCT): > LIFE CYCLE AND FUNCTIONAL UNIT
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS
EACH ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT IS BASED ON A SUBSTANCE’S EXCHANGE (IMPACT) BETWEEN THE NATURE/ENVIRONMENT AND A (ANTHROPIC TRASFORMATION) PROCESS OF A PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION SYSTEM
input: substance extraction from the environment output: substance emission in the environment
(not all impacts damage with the same entity)
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
INPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTS
RESOURCES EXHAUSTIONALTERATION OF THE ECOSYSTEMS’ BALANCE(damaging outputs of extractive processes)
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
OUTPUT AND ITS (DAMAGING) EFFECTSglobal warming (greenhouse effect)ozone layer depletioneutrophicationacidificationsmogtoxicitywastes...
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
serragreenhouse effect
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ozono
ozone layer deplation
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
eutrhophication
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
acidification
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
toxici ty
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
rifiutiwastes
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
CAN WE ASSOCIATE THE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS TO A PRODUCT? AND HOW?
CRITERIA:- PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE- FUNCTIONAL UNIT
EVALUATION METHOD:- LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
manufac.
assemb.
finish
collection
reso
urce
’sac
hiev
ing
mater.
energy
produc.
package
tr asp.
stora
ge PRODUCT LIFE CYCLEAPPROACH
other product’s life cycle
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
FUNCTIONAL UNIT (APPROACH)
IS NOT THE PRODUCT TO BE ASSESSED (DESIGNED) BUT, THE WHOLE OF THE PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE FULFILLMENT OF A GIVEN FUNCTION
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF PRODUCT
LCA: LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENTa quantitative method to assess the environmental effects of the life cycle of a given product/service in relation to its functional units
ISO 14040
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
e.g. LCA upholstered seat (8 years life span)
PRE-PROD.PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
e.g. LCA refrigerator (10 years life span)
PRE-PROD.PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUT. USE DISPOSAL
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE DESIGN: APPROACH
an extended design horizon
from product design
to the design of the product LIFE CYCLE stages
the design “reference”from product designto product’s “FUNCTION” design
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMETS:MINIMIZE THE INPUTS AND THE OUTPUTS quantitativelyqualitativelyin relation to life cycle and functional unit
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
LCD: ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA
RESOURCES MINIMISATION LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTION
PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
RESOURCES CONSERVATION for future generations
(ENVIRONMENTAL) IMPACT AVOIDANCE pre-production, production, distribution and disposal of the not used resource quantitative
RESOURCES MINIMISATIONquantitative impact reduction (life cycle/function)
DESIGN FOR:
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
RESOURCES CONSERVATION/RENEWABILITY for the future generation
RESOURCES NON TOXICITY AND HARMFULNESS in all life cycle phases
LOW IMPACT RESOURCES SELECTIONqualitative impact reduction (life cycle/function)
DESIGN FOR:
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
RESOURCES RENEWABILITY
DEPENDS ON:- RE-GROWING SPECIFIC SPEED- EXTRACTION FREQUENCY
a resource is renewable if:a context relatedanthropic consumption rate < natural re-growing rate
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
MATERIALS’ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
A RANKING FROM THE BEST TO THE WORST IS (USUALLY) “MISLEADING ”
DEPENDS ON:- MATERIAL-SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS - CHARACTERISTICS GIVEN TO PRODUCT
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION
DESIGN FOR:EXTENDING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) LIFE SPANINTENSIFYING PRODUCT (COMPONENT) USE
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
USE
PRE-PRODUCTION
NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER USE CONSUMPTION
USE
DISP.
P-PROD.
PROD.
DISTRIB.UPDATING OF THE COMPONENTS CAUSING CONSUMPTION
PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
USE
DISPOSAL
same function in time
PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION
USE USE
AVOIDED IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTSshort product/component life
extended product/component life
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.
use (function) during time
PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.
PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.
PRE-PROD. PROD. DISTR. DISPOS.
B 1 B 2 B 3A 1 A 2 A 3C 1 C 2 C 3
A 1 A 2 A 3
B 1 B 2 B 3
C 1 C 2 C 3
LIFE
INDI
PEND
ENT
FROM
LEN
GHT
OF U
SE
AVOIDED IMPACTS
products/components not intense life
product/component intense life
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
Ds
Ds
Ds
PP P Dt
PP P Dt
PP P Dt
PP P Dt Ds
use (function) during of time
PP P Dt Ds
PP P Dt Ds
NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND TECHNIQUES WITH LOWER USE CONSMPTION
NEW PRE AND POST CONSUMPTION TECHNOLOGIES WITH LOWER IMPACT
LIFE
FUNC
TION
OF
LENG
HT O
F US
E
not intense life products/components
intense life products/components LIGHTER IMPACTS LIGHTER IMPACTS
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION
DESIGN FOR:
RECYCLING
ENERGY RECOVERYCOMPOSTING
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE
LANDFILL
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE
PRE-PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION DISTRIBUTION USE
RECYCLINGCOMBUSTIONCOMPOSTING
PRE-PRODUCTION
material non-extended life
material extended life
AVOIDED IMPACTS ADDITIONAL IMPACTS
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
POST-CONSUMPTION RECYCLING PHASES: (COMBUSTION, COMPOSTING). collection . transportation. separation (disassembly a/o crushing). identification. cleaning. secondary raw material’s production
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
MATERIALS’ RECYCLABILITY (COMB., COMP.)
DIPENDS ON:- SPECIFIC MATERIAL’S CHARACTERISTICS performances recovery (and process costs)
- PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE
- RECYCLING PHASES
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
> of parts/components PRODUCT LIFE OPTIMISATION
> of materials MATERIAL LIFE EXTENSION
DESIGN FOR DISASSEMBLY
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Carlo VezzoliPolitecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy
FOR DECISION MAKING (DESIGNING)identify the (environmental) design PRIORITIES:> CRITERIA relevance (relative) per product type> most promising criteria related GUIDELINES
INTERRELATIONS BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA/GUIDELINESFOR A GIVEN PRODUCT:- some have HIGHER RELEVANCE than others - can be SYNERGETIC or CONFLICTING