INSOLATION AND INSOLATION AND TEMPERATURETEMPERATURE

J.T. II Olivar, MAEdJ.T. II Olivar, MAEd

Faculty of Arts and LettersFaculty of Arts and Letters

University of Santo TomasUniversity of Santo Tomas

Outline of the LectureOutline of the Lecture

Insolation and TemperatureInsolation and Temperature [Processes of] Heating and Cooling [Processes of] Heating and Cooling

the Atmospherethe Atmosphere Latent HeatLatent Heat Spatial and Seasonal Variations in Spatial and Seasonal Variations in

Heating and CoolingHeating and Cooling

InsolationInsolation

Infrared WavesInfrared Waves [White] Light[White] Light Ultraviolet WavesUltraviolet Waves

[Processes of] Heating and Cooling [Processes of] Heating and Cooling the Atmospherethe Atmosphere

1.1. ConductionConduction2.2. ConvectionConvection3.3. RadiationRadiation4.4. AbsorptionAbsorption5.5. ReflectionReflection6.6. TransmissionTransmission7.7. ScatteringScattering8.8. Adiabatic cooling and warmingAdiabatic cooling and warming

ConductionConduction

The movement of heat energy from The movement of heat energy from one molecule to another without one molecule to another without changes in their relative positions.changes in their relative positions.– Moist air is slightly more efficient Moist air is slightly more efficient

conductor than dry air.conductor than dry air.

ConvectionConvection

Heat is transferred from one point to Heat is transferred from one point to another by moving liquid or gas.another by moving liquid or gas.– In convection, the molecules physically In convection, the molecules physically

move away from the heat source.move away from the heat source.

RadiationRadiation

The process by which heat energy is The process by which heat energy is emitted from a body.emitted from a body.– A body that emits the maximum amount A body that emits the maximum amount

of radiation possible [at every of radiation possible [at every wavelength] is called a blackbody.wavelength] is called a blackbody.

AbsorptionAbsorption

Heat energy striking an object can be Heat energy striking an object can be absorbed by the object like water absorbed by the object like water into sponge.into sponge.– Dark-colored surfaces are much more Dark-colored surfaces are much more

efficient absorbers in the visible portion efficient absorbers in the visible portion of the spectrum than are light-colored of the spectrum than are light-colored surfaces.surfaces.

ReflectionReflection

Is the ability of an object to repel Is the ability of an object to repel waves without altering either the waves without altering either the objects or the waves.objects or the waves.– An object that is good absorber is a poor An object that is good absorber is a poor

reflector, and vice versa.reflector, and vice versa.

TransmissionTransmission

Is the process whereby a wave Is the process whereby a wave passes completely through a passes completely through a medium.medium.– Transmission depends on the Transmission depends on the

wavelength of the rays.wavelength of the rays.

ScatteringScattering

Particulate matter and gas molecules Particulate matter and gas molecules in the air sometimes deflect and in the air sometimes deflect and redirect light waves.redirect light waves.– Shorter waves are readily scattered than Shorter waves are readily scattered than

longer ones.longer ones.

Adiabatic CoolingAdiabatic Cooling

Cooling by expansion in rising air.Cooling by expansion in rising air.– The expansion that occurs in rising air is The expansion that occurs in rising air is

a cooling process even though no heat a cooling process even though no heat is taken away.is taken away.

Adiabatic WarmingAdiabatic Warming

Warming by compression in Warming by compression in descending air.descending air.– The molecules draw closer together and The molecules draw closer together and

collide more frequently thus resulting in collide more frequently thus resulting in a rise in temperature even though no a rise in temperature even though no heat is added from external sources.heat is added from external sources.

Latent HeatLatent Heat

Latent – lying hiddenLatent – lying hidden– Latent heat of evaporationLatent heat of evaporation– Latent heat of condensationLatent heat of condensation

Spatial and Seasonal Variations in Spatial and Seasonal Variations in Heating and CoolingHeating and Cooling

Latitudinal differencesLatitudinal differences– Angle of incidenceAngle of incidence– Day lengthDay length– Atmospheric obstructionAtmospheric obstruction– Latitudinal radiation balanceLatitudinal radiation balance

Land and water contrastLand and water contrast– HeatingHeating– Cooling Cooling

HeatingHeating

Water has a higher specific heat than Water has a higher specific heat than land. land.

Sun rays penetrate water more Sun rays penetrate water more deeply than they do on land. deeply than they do on land.

Water is highly mobile and land is Water is highly mobile and land is immobile. immobile.

The unlimited availability of moisture The unlimited availability of moisture on a water surface. on a water surface.

CoolingCooling

Northern hemisphereNorthern hemisphere– Land hemisphereLand hemisphere– 39% land39% land

Southern hemisphere Southern hemisphere – Water hemisphereWater hemisphere– 19% land19% land