2.1 Cell Structure & Function

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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE & CELL ORGANISATION

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Biology Form 42.1 Cell Structure and Function

Transcript of 2.1 Cell Structure & Function

  • CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE & CELL ORGANISATION

  • Warm Up Quiz !!

  • Animal VS Plant Cells

  • Plant CellsAnimals CellsCell wallPlasma membraneVacuoleChloroplast

  • Functions of Cellular Components of Animals & Plants Cell

  • CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF THE CELLS

  • NucleolusNucleusRibosomesVesiclesGolgi ApparatusRough Endoplasmic ReticulumPlasma membraneSmooth Endoplasmic ReticulumMitochondrionLysosomeVacuoleCentrioleCytoplasm

  • Functions

  • NucleolusNucleusControls all the cell activitiesSeparates the genetic material from cytoplasmHas many pores (nuclear pores) in the nuclear membrane for materials to enter & exit the nucleus

  • RibosomesAre either attached to the ER or occur freely in the cytoplasmAre small protein factories for protein synthesize

  • Synthesizes & transports proteins made by ribosomesPresent in large amounts in cell that makes proteinE.g. in gut cells that manufacture digestive enzymesRough Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Receives proteins from Rough ER, modifies & combines the proteins with carbohydrates to form glyco-proteinTransport & stores lipidsGolgi Appratus

  • Does not have ribosomesSynthesizes & transport lipidsPresent in large amounts in cells that make lipids & steroidsE.g. cell of liver & testesSmooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • Forms the cells powerhouseProduce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy source for the cellMitochondrion

  • Supports & protects the cell organellesprovides a medium for all cellular metabolic reactionsCytoplasmmedium to produce energy, to manufacture materials & to store minerals

  • breaking down food and foreign materialsproteins, lipids and carbohydratesLysosomeTransport undigested material to the cell membrane for removal

  • Are found only in animals cellsInvolved in cell division (mitosis & meiosis)Centriole

  • The outer covering of the cellseparates the cell from its environment and allows materials to enter and leave the cellPlasma membrane

  • WARM UP QUIZ!!!!

  • The Density of Certain Organelles in Relation to Functions of Specific Cells

  • What are organelles?

    little organs

    Are tiny structures inside a cell that perform specific functions for the cell*

  • What are organelles?3 main functions of organelles:Carry out their specialized functions: E.g. Mitochondria; FUNCTION?Acts as containers to separate parts of the cell from other partsE.g. lysosomesSites for chemical reactionE.g. Choloroplast

  • Relationship between the Density & Functions of certain OrganellesDensity of an organelles : total number of that particular organelles within a celldepends on the function of the cell

    to make sure that the cell can perform its specialized functions well

  • Relationship between the Density & Functions of certain OrganellesE.g.

    Cell that specialize in producing enzyme generally have more ER & ribosomes to _____________& mitochondria to _____________________for its activities

  • The density of mitochondria in active cellsDepends on:The activity level of an organismThe more active an organism is, the higher its average density of mitochondriaThe specific function of a particular cellCell of active tissues & organs have higher mitochondria densities

  • The density of mitochondria in active cells

    Active cells that have high mitochondria densities:

    Sperm cells flight muscle cells meristemic cellsliver cellskidney cells

  • The density of Chloroplast in the Palisade Mesophyll Cells of LeavesPalisade mesophyll of a leaf is :the main photosynthesis tissuePacked with chloroplast to trap sunlight needed to synthesize sugar during photosynthesisAre arranged in a vertical position to optimise sunlight trapping

  • HOMEWORK

    SIMILARITIESAnimal and plant cells have:

    DIFFERENCESAnimal CellFeaturePlant CellSizeShapeCell wallVacuoleTonoplastChloroplastCentrioleCarbohydrate StorageLysosome

  • RIBOSOMES

  • MITOCHONDRION

  • NUCLEUS

  • CHLOROPLAST