2.1 Cell Structure & Function
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Transcript of 2.1 Cell Structure & Function
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CHAPTER 2 : CELL STRUCTURE & CELL ORGANISATION
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Warm Up Quiz !!
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Animal VS Plant Cells
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Plant CellsAnimals CellsCell wallPlasma membraneVacuoleChloroplast
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Functions of Cellular Components of Animals & Plants Cell
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CELLULAR COMPONENTS OF THE CELLS
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NucleolusNucleusRibosomesVesiclesGolgi ApparatusRough Endoplasmic ReticulumPlasma membraneSmooth Endoplasmic ReticulumMitochondrionLysosomeVacuoleCentrioleCytoplasm
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Functions
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NucleolusNucleusControls all the cell activitiesSeparates the genetic material from cytoplasmHas many pores (nuclear pores) in the nuclear membrane for materials to enter & exit the nucleus
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RibosomesAre either attached to the ER or occur freely in the cytoplasmAre small protein factories for protein synthesize
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Synthesizes & transports proteins made by ribosomesPresent in large amounts in cell that makes proteinE.g. in gut cells that manufacture digestive enzymesRough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Receives proteins from Rough ER, modifies & combines the proteins with carbohydrates to form glyco-proteinTransport & stores lipidsGolgi Appratus
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Does not have ribosomesSynthesizes & transport lipidsPresent in large amounts in cells that make lipids & steroidsE.g. cell of liver & testesSmooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Forms the cells powerhouseProduce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the energy source for the cellMitochondrion
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Supports & protects the cell organellesprovides a medium for all cellular metabolic reactionsCytoplasmmedium to produce energy, to manufacture materials & to store minerals
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breaking down food and foreign materialsproteins, lipids and carbohydratesLysosomeTransport undigested material to the cell membrane for removal
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Are found only in animals cellsInvolved in cell division (mitosis & meiosis)Centriole
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The outer covering of the cellseparates the cell from its environment and allows materials to enter and leave the cellPlasma membrane
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WARM UP QUIZ!!!!
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The Density of Certain Organelles in Relation to Functions of Specific Cells
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What are organelles?
little organs
Are tiny structures inside a cell that perform specific functions for the cell*
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What are organelles?3 main functions of organelles:Carry out their specialized functions: E.g. Mitochondria; FUNCTION?Acts as containers to separate parts of the cell from other partsE.g. lysosomesSites for chemical reactionE.g. Choloroplast
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Relationship between the Density & Functions of certain OrganellesDensity of an organelles : total number of that particular organelles within a celldepends on the function of the cell
to make sure that the cell can perform its specialized functions well
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Relationship between the Density & Functions of certain OrganellesE.g.
Cell that specialize in producing enzyme generally have more ER & ribosomes to _____________& mitochondria to _____________________for its activities
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The density of mitochondria in active cellsDepends on:The activity level of an organismThe more active an organism is, the higher its average density of mitochondriaThe specific function of a particular cellCell of active tissues & organs have higher mitochondria densities
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The density of mitochondria in active cells
Active cells that have high mitochondria densities:
Sperm cells flight muscle cells meristemic cellsliver cellskidney cells
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The density of Chloroplast in the Palisade Mesophyll Cells of LeavesPalisade mesophyll of a leaf is :the main photosynthesis tissuePacked with chloroplast to trap sunlight needed to synthesize sugar during photosynthesisAre arranged in a vertical position to optimise sunlight trapping
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HOMEWORK
SIMILARITIESAnimal and plant cells have:
DIFFERENCESAnimal CellFeaturePlant CellSizeShapeCell wallVacuoleTonoplastChloroplastCentrioleCarbohydrate StorageLysosome
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RIBOSOMES
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MITOCHONDRION
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NUCLEUS
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CHLOROPLAST