Central European Central European Monarchs ClashMonarchs Clash

Chapter 21, Section 3Chapter 21, Section 3

Section OpenerSection Opener

After a period of turmoil, absolute After a period of turmoil, absolute monarchs rule Austria and the monarchs rule Austria and the Germanic state of Prussia.Germanic state of Prussia.

The Thirty Years’ WarThe Thirty Years’ War

Rising TensionRising Tension– Tension rises between Lutherans and Tension rises between Lutherans and

Catholics in central EuropeCatholics in central Europe Bohemian Protestants RevoltBohemian Protestants Revolt

– In 1618, Protestants revolt against In 1618, Protestants revolt against Catholic Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II)Catholic Hapsburg rulers (Ferdinand II)

– Result in Thirty Years’ War—conflict over Result in Thirty Years’ War—conflict over religion, land, powerreligion, land, power

Thirty Years’ War Thirty Years’ War (continued)(continued)

Hapsburg Triumphs (sometimes Hapsburg Triumphs (sometimes spelled “Habsburg”)spelled “Habsburg”)– From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies From 1618 to 1630, Hapsburg armies

have many victorieshave many victories– Troops plunder many German villagesTroops plunder many German villages

Ferdinand Ferdinand II, Holy II, Holy Roman Roman

Emperor Emperor (1619-1637)(1619-1637)

House of Habsburg coat of House of Habsburg coat of armsarms

at their heightat their height

Austrian Hapsburg Coat of Austrian Hapsburg Coat of ArmsArms

Current Flag & Coat of Arms of Current Flag & Coat of Arms of AustriaAustria

civil flag of Austriacoat of arms of Austria

State and War Flag of AustriaState and War Flag of Austria

A combination of the civil flag and the coat of

arms of Austria.

Thirty Years’ War Thirty Years’ War (continued)(continued)

Hapsburg DefeatsHapsburg Defeats– In 1630, tide turns in favor of ProtestantsIn 1630, tide turns in favor of Protestants

Peace of WestphaliaPeace of Westphalia– War ruins German economy, greatly decreases War ruins German economy, greatly decreases

populationpopulation– Peace of Westphalia (1648) ends warPeace of Westphalia (1648) ends war– Treaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens FranceTreaty weakens Hapsburgs, strengthens France– Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of Treaty introduces idea of negotiating terms of

peacepeace Beginning of Modern StatesBeginning of Modern States

– Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independent Treaty recognizes Europe as group of independent statesstates

States Form in Central States Form in Central EuropeEurope

Economic Contrasts with the WestEconomic Contrasts with the West– Economy in central Europe still based in Economy in central Europe still based in

serfs and agriculture.serfs and agriculture. Several Weak EmpiresSeveral Weak Empires

– Landowning nobles in central Europe Landowning nobles in central Europe Block growth of kings’ power.Block growth of kings’ power.

– Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires are Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires are also weak.also weak.

Austria Grows StrongerAustria Grows Stronger– Hapsburgs in Austria take more lands, Hapsburgs in Austria take more lands,

rule large empirerule large empire Maria Theresa Inherits the Austrian Maria Theresa Inherits the Austrian

ThroneThrone– Maria Theresa becomes empress of Maria Theresa becomes empress of

Austria and faces years of war.Austria and faces years of war.

The Pragmatic SanctionThe Pragmatic Sanction

This document, The Pragmatic Sanction, declared that Maria Theresa would inherit the Austrian throne.

Maria Maria TheresaTheresa

of Austriaof Austria

Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussia Challenges Austria

The Rise of PrussiaThe Rise of Prussia– Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia build Europe’s Hohenzollern rulers of Prussia build Europe’s

best armybest army– They call themselves kings and become They call themselves kings and become

absolute monarchs.absolute monarchs.– Nobles resist royal power, but king buys loyalty.Nobles resist royal power, but king buys loyalty.

Frederick the GreatFrederick the Great– Frederick the Great becomes king of PrussiaFrederick the Great becomes king of Prussia– Enforces father’s military policies but softens Enforces father’s military policies but softens

some of his laws.some of his laws.

Frederick Frederick II (The II (The

Great) of Great) of Prussia. Prussia. He was He was

nicknamenicknamed “Old d “Old Fritz”.Fritz”.

Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussia Challenges Austria

War of Austrian SuccessionWar of Austrian Succession– In 1740, Frederick starts war against In 1740, Frederick starts war against

Austria to gain Silesia.Austria to gain Silesia.– Maria Theresa resists Prussian power Maria Theresa resists Prussian power

but loses Silesia in treaty.but loses Silesia in treaty.– As a result of the war, Prussia becomes As a result of the war, Prussia becomes

a major power in Europe.a major power in Europe.

Prussia Challenges AustriaPrussia Challenges Austria

The Seven Years’ WarThe Seven Years’ War– Austria allies with France against Britain Austria allies with France against Britain

and Prussiaand Prussia– In 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony, In 1756, Frederick attacks Saxony,

launching Seven Years’ War.launching Seven Years’ War.– France loses colonies in North America, France loses colonies in North America,

Britain gains India.Britain gains India.