LIVELIHOODS RESILIENCE TOOLKIT : UNDERSTANDING THE CONCEPT AND

APPLYING IT IN THE FIELDEasily accessible practical guide for communities, local authorities and other

stakeholders to strengthen livelihoods and secure them against external threats.

Contact: Julien JACOB jjacob@achesp.org IFPRI - Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security 2014

Based on DIPECHO-funded ACF work in South Caucasus

Capacity building in Disaster Risk Reduction through a participatory, context-specific livelihood resilience approach

Results achieved in the project: Built 11 small scale

mitigation measures/structures

Implemented 35 livelihoods resilience projects with new techniques

Helped establish DRR groups in communities, build their capacity and facilitate action plans

“Analyzing your own capacity, or that of your community, allows you to address your vulnerabilities and reduce risks through building resilience, all according to

your own priorities and those of your community through direct involvement”.

Association of International Research and Development Centers for Agriculture

Our contribution to resilient agriculture: Healthy, climate smart landscapes for improved livelihoods and food security

• A newly-formed alliance with 9 founding members• over 60 member countries, > 70% of world population• On-going Research and Development activities in all major

geographic regions & ecosystem types

Members:

Contact: www.airca.org

PREPAREDNESS

MITIGATIONRESILIENCE

Contact: Aurelie Carmeille dcdp@et.missions-acf.org

Building resilience to drought of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists communities in Borana through

integrated approach - Ethiopia

PROMOTION OF CULTURE OF SAFETY- Risk, Vulnerability and Capacities Analysis- Community Planning- Risk Awareness campaign- Surveillance and Early Warning System- Capacity Building & Partnership

INTEGRATED APPROACH- Food security and Livelihoods

Rangeland management, Asset building, Drought resistant crop farming, Milk marketing

- Access to Water for human & livestock

- Nutrition and Health: Link for malnutrition treatment, cooking demonstration, and care practices

IMPACTS- Increased awareness on risk management- Increased Food security and Nutritional status - Increased households assets- Reduced diseases occurrence

IFPRI - Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security 2014

Building resilience for food and nutrition security through water and soil conservation practices

Activity: Prevention and adaptation to climate changeLocation: Gnagna Province (Burkina-Faso)Donor: EuropeAid

Soil restoration using conservation agriculture practices Irrigated agriculture to promote crop diversification Farmers access to inputs (seeds, organic fertilizers, etc.) Design of farm sites for vegetable and rice production Tree planting or assisted natural regeneration Building of granary adapted to local conditions Supporting livestock development for 500 vulnerable households Development of risk management plans at community level

IFPRI - Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security 2014Contact: Bader Mahaman bmahaman@actioncontrelafaim.org

Risk-based approach to improve food safety in informal markets

What we have learned so far• Informal markets are highly preferred• Food safety matters to poor consumers• Hazards don’t always matter, but risks do• Perception is a poor guide for risk managers• Draconian food safety policy makes things worse• Values and cultures are more important drivers of

food safety than pathogens• Food-borne risk is a fixable problem

Why informal markets matter• Most of the meat, milk, eggs and fish produced in

developing countries is sold in traditional markets• Food-borne illness and animal disease in informal

markets are of growing concern to consumers and policymakers alike

ILRI projects on food safety in informal marketsuse a risk-based approach to generate evidence of the risk to human health posed by informally marketed foods and the best way to manage risks while retaining benefits

Contact Dr. Delia Grace, ILRI at d.grace@cgiar.org or visit website: http://safefoodfairfood.wordpress.com

Market systems Resilience is the capacity of the market system to mitigate, adapt to and recover from stressors and shocks without compromising long-term competitiveness. It requires three capacities…

Absorptive capacity to cope,

Adaptive capacity to learn and adjust,

Transformative capacity to fundamentally alter the system.

Why market systems resilience matters…Linking people and households to markets builds resilience by increasing incomes and assets, increasing food availability and reducing risk through diversification. The resilience of the market system itself is also important to ensuring the economic well-being of households and communities.

The USAID-funded Leveraging Economic Opportunities program is working to define and identify best practices in market systems resilience. The program is implemented by ACDI/VOCA. For more information, please contact Bronwyn Irwin at birwin@acdivoca.org

MARKET SYSTEMS RESILIENCE

Building Community Resilience to Food and Nutrition Crises in Drought

Prone Regions

Above: Villagers from the rural settlement of Koukatala on the border between Niger and Mali, who are being funded in a cash-for-work programme by Concern to build rain harvesting systems.

Concern is taking a5-Pathways Approach:

Resilience Programming Experience in Ethiopia, Niger and Kenya

Check out CRS’ step-by-step approach to building

RESILIENCEwww.crsprogramquality.org/resilience

Operationalizing sustainability: joining resilience/vulnerability & adaptability in agricultural systems analysis

• Resilience, vulnerability and adaptability are dominant concepts for the study of disturbance and change (Fig 1)

• Thus targeting problem-solving implementation, their conceptual and operational integration could lead to more accurate portrayal of agricultural systems

• This should base on the dynamic interaction between resilience and vulnerability and the resulting adaptability along a time line (Fig 2)

Daniel Callo-Concha* and Frank Ewert

Fig 2. Agricultural system (S) overall adaptability (A) as function of the interaction of resilience (R) and vulnerability (V) across time (t); feedback loops (dashed lines).

Fig.1. Use of resilience, vulnerability and adaptability in scientific literature related to agricultural systems

Contact: d.callo-concha@uni-bonn.de. Center for Development Research (ZEF), University of Bonn. Walter-Flex-Str. 3, 53113, Bonn, Germany

• Despite conceptual and semantic differences, meta-analysis of scientific publications show fuzzy conceptual differentiation and great methodological overlapping

Bringing food system resilience into policy design

www.sae.ethz.ch → Research → Food systems

danielle.tendall@usys.ethz.ch

New research project at ETH Zürich (Swiss Federal Institute for Technology)

A biomass-based value web as analytic approach to optimize the agricultural sector’s efficiency and resilience

Interactions, trade-offs & synergies in a biomass-based value web (schematic)

• Rising demand for food and non-food biomass transforms agriculture from a food to a biomass-supplying sector.

• The conventional (isolated) value-chain approach is no longer sufficient.

• The biomass-based value web as an analytic approach is instrumental:• to analyze the complex system from

biomass production to final consumption;

• to explore synergies and identify inefficiencies in the entire biomass sector;

• to increase the sector’s efficiency and to pinpoint potential of resilience.

Detlef Virchow, Manfred Denich, Arnim Kuhn, Tina Beuchelt; University of Bonn; www.biomassweb.org

Improving Child Nutritionthrough Grandmothers

Older Women Leaders like grandmothers can positively influence household decisions on infant and young child feeding practices and dietary diversity.

Burkina Faso: Impact of enhanced homestead food production on iron intake among children 3-12 months at baseline. (Deanna Olney et al, 2013, IFPRI impact evaluation)

** p<0.05

Page

FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY

DSM’s Nutrition Improvement Program aspires to be your partner of choice in the global fight against hidden hunger. We offer nutritious, safe and affordable solutions tailored to the needs of local communities in the developing world, with a special focus on women and children.

Unlocking human potential

1

FRUIT & VEGETABLES

daily fruit & veg consumption = 400 g

200 g of each, daily = more nutritious diets healthier children and adults more resilient individuals and households

standard weight of football = 396 g

RAW

COOKED

HOW MUCH IS

400 GRAMS?

Nutrients in vegetables• Improve children’s ability to

grow and learn• Improve adults’ capacity to

work and earn

AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center promotes vegetable consumption through• Home and school gardens• Recipes• Food processing training

@SIANIAgri

Sustainable agricultural intensification

Resilience to conflicts

Databases and tools to monitor food security Arab Spatial

Iraq Spatial

Poverty and conflictResilience in Africa’s Drylands

Livestock models for managing shocks

Adaptation strategies

PIM’s work on resilience

Access to land for women in Northern UgandaSafety netsInsurance for

the poor

Cash transfers

Enhancing women’s assets to manage risk under climate change

Policy for a food secure future

Women’s empowerment in rural India

Empowering indigenous people through agrobiodiversity

Food Security Portal

Strategies for adapting to climate change

Weather insurance

A Randomized Evaluation was designed at the clusterlevel and divided recipients into 3 groupsbased on what they receive: 1. Full package2. Insurance + Loan 3. Nothing (Control Group)

31Small scale farmers are provided with:1. Micro-insurance2. Micro-loan 3. Technical and Financial Training4. Food 2

Randomization allows us to disentangle the effect of each component of the programme from external factors highlighting the effective impact of the project

Indicators:Food Consumption Score (FCS)Dietary Diversity Score (DDS)Food Consumption Coping Strategy Index (FCCSI)Livelihoods Coping Strategy Index (LCSI)Production (quantity)Share of Consumed vs. Sold ProductionArea of CultivationLoan Repayment Rate (LRR)

4Outputs and Outcomes:Compare components’ effectiveness;Refine activities to meet recipients needs;Implement an evidence-based project, with rigorous analysisReach more and needier recipients with the most effective tools

Connecting Farmers To Market (F2M): Measuring Resilience with a Randomized Evaluation

5

800 million poor farmers cultivate and eke out an

existence in marginal areas

Farmers on these lands struggle to

grow conventional crops in sufficient quantities to meet

both household food security

needs, as well as for the market

Opportunitiesdiverse crop-livestock-

tree systems

They provide risk mitigation strategies

for farmers while enabling the production

of a variety of conventional and niche

crops at different spatial and temporal scales and a

range of environmental services

Building resilience in marginal environments

White paper: Marginal Land Status -challenges and potential contribution to the

world food and income security

www.biosaline.org

Marginal lands: poor soils slope of < 15o

Neglected and Under-utilized species (NUS) for marginal environments

NUS can help increase agricultural production in hot, dry, salty (marginal), and nutrient-poor agricultural environments for food, feed and fuel

Quinoa - a highly nutritive multi-purpose crop showed excellent potential as an alternative crop for salt-affected areas in the Middle East

Wild halophytic grasses Sporobolous virginicus and Distichlis spicata offer excellent alternatives to rehabilitate degraded farms and produce 66% more yield per m3

of water under high salinity levels

52.35

47.59

47.27

25.61

33.61

28.43

27.85

14.14

11.58

12.86

11.92

6.31

0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00

P. vaginatum

D. spicata

S. virginicus

S. arabicus

Biomass (t/ha)

Spec

ies

Oven dry weight Air dry weght Fresh weight

1

Understanding climate change impacts on crop production in MENA

marginal areasWater resource and crop modeling using climate change scenarios help

understand future changes in water and food security

Climate change downscaling for MENA

region is critical to identifying areas at risk

Recommended allowance

Information science informing climate change adaptation policy is vital

in supporting resilience in marginal communities

Challenges and potential of non-conventional water for marginal environments

By 2025, 1800 million people will be living in

countries or regions with absolute water scarcity,

and two-thirds of the world population

could be under stress conditions

Saline, brackish, drainage, treated waste water and sea water have great potential for improving agricultural production

Integrated systems (IS) is a key to improve farm productivities under marginal environment

Socio-economic impacts of GM crops: the current landscape

Contact: Dr. Jaqueline Garcia-Yi, Technical University of Munich e-mail: jaqueline.garcia-yi@tum.de

The GRACE project is funded by the European Union‘s Seventh Framework program (2012-2016)

Scientific information about the impacts of genetically modified (GM) crops is fragmented and of variable quality.

On-going systematic reviews of socio-economic impacts worldwide: farmer and consumer levels, supply chain, co-existence and environmental economic aspects, and food security.

Consultation with stakeholders for inputs on: design, content, and output of the reviews.

Soil counts – preserve it!

www.eld-initiative.org @ELD_Initiative

ELD Online Coursemooc.eld-initiative.org#eldmooc

www.soil-is-life.info

Discover why land and soil are essential for our future.Visit our multimedia information platform!

Community consumption level is under

recommended nutrition score

Lack of attention on optimizing

homeyard or neglected area

Food and nutrition security in

household level can be enhancedthrough a “green house” or “family

farming”(Presidential Directive to

the Community January, 2011)

Availability and accessibility of food for household

Empower men and women in providing a diverse, nutritious, and safe food for family

Support the effort in achieving MDGs and food and nutrition security goals

Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD)Ministry of Agriculture, the Republic of Indonesia

ISSSUES

RURAL RESILIENCE ENHANCEMENT PROJECT:PASTORALIST COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT

No wage payment to the community members whereby not employing them, and

We (donors/gvt officers) are the ones who participate in their own development activities.

To accelerate their own activities, provided tools and technical assistances, and

Their communal works have increased almost double than ever before.

PRINCIPLE: STRENGTHENING SOCIAL TIESthrough enhancing their own initiated development activities

Our Essential Means of Life

Water Pasture

Pond Construction Soil & Water Conservation+ Pasture Production

Pasture Development

Providing A Safety Netagainst Drought

Facilitating MoreProductive Farming

RURAL RESILIENCE ENHANCEMENT PROJECT:WEATHER INDEX INSURANCE

Satellite data based design, and affordable insurance for smallholder farmers,

1,286 farmers singed up with total premium 146,350birr in the first 2013 pilot season.

70% of insured farmers have shown positive changes such as using more fertilizer and improved seed, getting confident and hard-work motivated in their farming.

Resilience EnhancementWhat is the weather index insurance ? Now I am insured !!

Creating Resilience through Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI) INSIGHTS FROM ETHIOPIA

Index Based Livestock Insurance (IBLI)

o Designed to protect pastoralist against drought-relatedlivestock losses

o Contract holders receive payouts when forage conditiondeteriorates blow a certain historical level

o Payouts are calculated automatically and there are noclaims to file - hence solving issues of moral hazard andadverse selection.

How the Index Works

o Index is calculated using a measure of pasture availability recorded by satellites, called theNormalized Differenced Vegetation Index (NDVI).

o Pastoralists purchase an annual contract with possibility of payout in either March or October

o Payouts are made when the forage situation is below the worst 15 percentile

Motivationo Drought is a covariate shock that erodes livestock assets making households fall into a

poverty trap

o Poor pastoralists have few available strategies to manage and cope with livestockmortality risk

o Over 300,000 livestock deaths recorded due to drought in the Borana region, which isestimated at US$ 85 million as of July 2011

o Lack of credit and insurance markets in infrastructure-deficit environments has renderedtraditional risk sharing arrangements weakened and insufficient

Motivation

o Failure of governments and international aidagencies in delivering timely and adequate relief toprevent adverse impact of drought

o Hence the effort to developing risk managementinstruments that are both feasible, commerciallyviable and potentially effective in reducing poorpastoralists’ uninsured risk exposure

Further information:

// / / /

Key Activities in Ethiopia

o Contract designing and index development by ILRI andCornel University

o Manuals and education material created for all stakeholdersinvolved in the implementation process

o Dissemination of product information through workshopsand training programmes

o Cross-border trips of elders of four ethnic groups toMarsabit for product- awareness creation

o Oromia Insurance Company sc. (OIC) has been theunderwriting partner

o Launch of sales in collaboration with OIC, regional government Borana zone, ILRI and CornellUniversity

o 405 policies have been sold through local MFIs and co-operatives acting as distribution channelsin the January/February 2014 sales window

o Further identification of innovative distribution channels and extension methods are underway toscale up the process of IBLI uptake

GreenGood forage availability that represents above 65 percentile over a long period. This is above normal and stable forage condition.

YellowForage condition falls between 45 to 65 percentiles. The forage situation is positive but consistently worsening.

OrangeForage condition is between 30 and 45 percentile. The division in question is under considerable stress but not yet serious.

RedForage condition is between 15 – 30 percentiles. Drought situation is serious but not yet classified as severe. Indemnity payout will not be triggered.

BlackSevere drought condition. Forage condition represents worst 15 percentile. Indemnity payout will be triggered if conditions persist throughout the season up to the potential payout period.

March 2009Oct 2009

Key Collaborators

March 2014

The Resilience Alliance is a research organization that explores the dynamics of social-ecological systems.

Our Workbook for Practitioners provides guidance onunderstanding complex systems and developing strategies to cope with change.

A short guide on resilient food systems is being developed in collaboration with research partners and we are looking to engage others with an interest in building resilience and increasing production in agricultural systems.

For more information please contact Jennifer Hodbod jennifer.hodbod@asu.edu

www.resalliance.org

Assessing Resilience: A Workbook for Practitioners

An overview of adopted coping strategies

Natural Disasters and Rural Households’ Coping Strategies: Evidence from the 2008 Sichuan Earthquake

Impact on assets, income and consumption

Damage on housing accounts for 83% of total loss;

Income dropped by 36% in 2011;

Consumption augmented 27% in 2009.

Jin, L.1 and Chen, K.Z.2 1Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

2International Food Policy Research Institute jinlinglily@gmail.com

Income diversification: • Within on-farm production:

increasing crop diversity;

• Within income portfolio: enhanced

likelihood of participating in

nonagricultural self-employment .

Mean Median SDAid from government 23,774 25,654 27,920

Relief 4,018 3,542 7,515Cash 3,419 3,025 6,935In-kinds 599 303 2,286

Housing subsidies 19,756 20,925 26,156Loans 19,190 21,810 23,745

From banks 12,812 10,905 14,561From relatives and friends 6,378 0 16,709

Private transfer 282 0 2,082Selling assets 147 0 1,533Letting children drop out of school 10 0 276Total 43,055 43,360 41,198Observations 781

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

2007 2009 2011

Houses

Non-hit area Hit area

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2007 2009 2011

Consumer Durable

Non-hit area Hit area

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

2007 2009 2011

Productive Capital Assets

Non-hit area Hit area

Differentiated trajectories of assets recovery

Value of houses in hit areas surpassed that in non-hit areas;

Expenditure on consumer durable was held back in hit areas;

Productive capital assets increased at similar pace in both areas.

Government aid and subsidized bank loans contributed to 85%of total revenues generated by utilizing the documented coping strategies.

Ex post labor supply:• Women are less likely to

participate in the labor market;

• Male wage laborers

prolonged their monthly days

worked.

The Government of Ethiopia (GoE) has projected a goal scenario of 10 percent stunting and 5 percent malnutrition levels by 2025. In order to reach this goal, the GoE will need to increase their current decline from 1.5 percent to 2.3 percent annually.

Stunting Malnutrition: Opportunities for the Productive Safety Net Programme Johanna Wilkes

Wilfrid Laurier University, Balsillie School of International Affairs

Questions? Contact Johanna via email at: jwilkes@balsillieschool.caThank you to Dr. Terrence Levesque for his guidance

and support.

1.) Increase flexibility of targeting to incorporate early adopters in the agriculture sector

•PSNP adheres to national standards focusing on chronically hungry households, ignoring the possible early adopters of agricultural technology

Recommendations for Increased Impact of PSNP*:

2.) Continue targeting away from harvest and planting season to prevent workforce diversion

•Notice the upward trend leading into both the ‘meher’ and ‘belg’ harvest seasons

3.) Make distribution decisions a local matter•Based on the barrier to food security, communities may use cash or food for more effective nutritional interventions

* PSNP: the Productive Safety Net Programme

The challenges:• Kenya’s semi-arid lands experience

low, erratic rainfall• Rising population is leading to:

- smaller farm sizes; water, tree cover and land degradation; and lower crop yields

• Reduced productivity from:-price distortions, ineffective land distribution and unfavourable

land tenure• Poor innovation adoption among

smallholder farmers• Exclusion of smallholder farmers

from policy-making forums

KARI-McGill Food Security Research ProjectInnovating for resilient farming systems

Goal: To develop innovative strategies for accelerating large-scale adoption and scaling-up of resilient farming systems

The project aims to:• Understand traditional food and indigenous knowledge

systems• Identify gendered drivers of food insecurity• Catalyze adoption of agricultural innovations and assess their

impacts• Assess mechanisms of up-scaling resilient farming practices• Increase access to and consumption of nutritional, locally-

produced foods• Enhance access to local markets and diversify household

livelihoods• Contribute to resilience-focused policies and knowledge

dissemination for improved food security, livelihoods and environmental sustainability across the semi-arid regions

How we work:• 54 primary farmer groups and 133 active secondary farmer

groups organized to conduct evaluative farm trials through experiential and peer-to-peer learning

• Farmers prioritized innovations to guide research and training• Over 5500 farmers trained in activities about agricultural and

livestock practices, nutrition, seed production and access to produce markets

• Changes in farmers’ participation, knowledge and practices are monitored by the research teams

• Findings are integrated among multiple stakeholders to examine how to better inform policy development processes

karimcgill-foodsecurity.orgPrincipal Investigators:Dr. Lutta Mohammad, KARIDr. Gordon Hickey, McGill University Photos: IDRC/PANOS, Sven Torfinn

1

Learning from measuring resilience

Household & community scale

Policy & institutional scale

• Mediated self-assessment of policymaker capacity

• Contribution analysis to examine necessary &sufficient conditions for change

• Rapid reflection reviews for implementers (Malawi and Ethiopia)

• Involve local government in community processes

Engage community in using the Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development approach

Sub-

natio

nal

The challenge: Building resilience in an uncertain and complex environment requires an adaptive management approach The response: Ensuring M&E of resilience is linked to learning and drives decision-making at multiple scales

For more information, contact kirsty-wilson@ltsi.co.uk

See: Brooks, N. Anderson, S. Burton I. Fisher, S. Rai, N. Tellam, I (2013), An Operational Framework for Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development, International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), London.

Polic

y

Com

mun

ity

A Panarchist’s View of Climate Change and Food Security: Stage 1 - Collapse

Mike Jones, IUCN Resilience Task Force

•Climate is a planetary “slow variable” that has been relatively stable for 10,000 years and provided the environmental stability necessary for the development of sedentary agriculture and civilization. •Changing climate:• will precipitate a cascade of “collapse” creating opportunities for reorganization, renewal and transformation at every level of social and biological organization.•carries the risk of widespread loss of species and ecosystem functions that support human livelihood.•will result in chaotic episodes between the collapse and reorganization phases in individual systems.•will result in migration and conflict as people and species seek hospitable environments.

Climate Stability Lost

Cascading Collapse

A Panarchist’s View of Climate Change and Food Security: Stage 2 – Transformation and Restoration

Mike Jones, IUCN Resilience Task Force

•A general approach to reducing risk, enabling transformational change and restoration might include the following:•an assessment of status and trend of the attributes of resilience at landscape scale.•assessment of change drivers that are eroding the stabilizing influence of “slow variables”, like soils, forests and rangelands.•adoption of policies that support the development of social and technical innovation for survival in a variable and unpredictable environment.•a shift from monoculture agriculture and efficient production of commodities to agro-ecological practices that restore land health while producing food for local markets.

Transformation

& Restoration

Pastoralist Livelihoods, Rights and Resources Creating Resilience to Drought for Cross Border Populations

in Kenya and Uganda’s Karamoja Cluster

Pastoralists and agropastoralists, women and girls, disarmed youth will :

Strengthen and diversify livelihoods Enhance rights and roles in natural resource

management Benefit from improved preparedness and

policies

Key approaches :

Contact: Muriel Calomcalo@actionagainsthunger.org

RESEARCH

AND

ADVOCACY

DROUGHT

RESILIENT

LIVELIHOODS

ENHANCED

GOVERNANCE,

REDUCED

CONFLICT

NATURAL

RESOURCE

MANAGEMEN

T

Nutritionsensitive

Gender aware

Conflict sensitive

Pastoralist Livelihoods, Rights and Resources Creating Resilience to Drought for Cross Border Populations

in Kenya and Uganda’s Karamoja Cluster

Pastoralists and agropastoralists, women and girls, disarmed youth will :

Strengthen and diversify livelihoods Enhance rights and roles in natural resource

management Benefit from improved preparedness and

policies

Key approaches :

Contact: Muriel Calomcalo@actionagainsthunger.org

RESEARCH

AND

ADVOCACY

DROUGHT

RESILIENT

LIVELIHOODS

ENHANCED

GOVERNANCE,

REDUCED

CONFLICT

NATURAL

RESOURCE

MANAGEMEN

T

Nutritionsensitive

Gender aware

Conflict sensitive

CHAMPION WOMEN FARMERS TO PROMOTE FOOD SECURITY

Dr. Narayan HegdeBAIF Development Research Foundation, Pune, India

Low Productivity: Cause of Food Insecurity• Resource crunch;• Poor access to technology and inputs;• Exploitation due to poor value chains; • Neglect of women farmers. Empowerment for Prosperity• Promotion of Producer Groups;• Encouragement for mixed farming;• Facilitation for backward and forward

linkages;• Champion Women Farmers as Mentors

www.croptrust.org

Crop diversity in cropping systems:

ResiliencyStability

Risk mitigation

Neil Palmer/CIAT IRRI

Arab Spatial 2.0Policy information & planning tool, and open data repository for the Arab World to

promote resilience to food insecurity using over 200 indicators

1. Visualize data at the sub-national level, and……

plot it using charting tools

2. Compare multiple indicators

3. Use it as a targeting tool & to zoom-in to points of interest

www.arabspatial.org

Programming for resiliencein conflict-affected situations

During conflict … After the fighting stopped ...

I couldn’t escape the legacy of the conflict …

Drought

My home was destroyed

There were floods

My husband was killed

Fighting was not the only threat I faced …

I lost my land and livelihood

I was excluded from my community

My children couldn’t go to school

I was a victim of crime

SLRC’s survey in 6 countries shows how conflict and other shocks combine to have a devastating impact on resilience

www.securelivelihoods.org

But post-conflict policies and programmes rarely reflect just how long it takes people

to recover from conflict

But conflict programmes rarely focus enough on other (non-conflict) shocks

that households face

SEED & GARDENSStrengthen vulnerable

communities in disaster areas

• Appropriate crops for disaster-prone regions

• Garden training, including seed saving and extension materials for women

• Distribution of vegetable seed kits • Demonstration plots in the community

Empower WOMEN to grow VEGETABLES for their families

Help local FOOD SUPPLIES recover quickly after disasters

Increase RESILIENCE by saving quality SEEDS for the next season

AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center improves livelihoods of people in disaster-affected communities

theory.

evidence.

Address systemic gender inequality to build resilience in households and communities.

1. Across the Sahel, we found that women, boys and girls cope and adapt to shocks and stresses in different ways.

2. In Somalia, involvement of women in family decision making led to greater household dietary diversity and less distressful coping.

MERCYCORPS.ORG/RESILIENCE

Climate Resilience & Food and Nutrition

SecurityImpactsClimate change effects impact under-nutrition through multiple pathways, including food security, water and sanitation, and care practices.→ Decline of agricultural production→ Increase price volatility & instability of food supply→ Water scarcity & increase of water-related diseases→ Resource's competition→ Changes in the range of infectious diseases factors→ Risks of conflicts and migration

Contact: Sandrine Roussy sroussy@actioncontrelafaim.org IFPRI - Building Resilience for Food and Nutrition Security 2014

How does ACF respond to climate change?

Understandingof climate-

related challenges

Strengthening surveillance

and early warning systems

Linking early warnings to

early response

mechanisms

Enhancing Preparedness

in face of climate-related

shocks and seasonal hardships

Managing climate-

related risks and

enhancing people and community resilience

Conducting advocacy

focused on nutrition

security in changing climate

It is necessary to training in field small-scale agricultural producers in: - production techniques - plant protection from pests (insects, rodents, etc.) - etc.

The small-scale agricultural producers are potential actors to the food security in Western Africa

Contact : Séverin Tchibozo, Centre de Recherche pour la Gestion de la Biodiversité (CRGB)04 B.p. 0385 Cotonou, BENIN. tchisev@yahoo.fr, www.crgbbj.org

Mapping and Visualization – Critical means to communicating our work

TRADITIONAL AFRICAN VEGETABLESresilience for nutrition, livelihoods and income

providing required daily intake of vitamins A, C and E, calcium, iron and zinc

opportunities for women and youth to sell surplus in peri-urban markets

quick access for vulnerable households to year-round healthy and nutritious diets

nutrition livelihoods income

At its regional office for Eastern and Southern Africa, AVRDC – The World Vegetable Center holds the continent’s largest collection of traditional African vegetables

NUTRIENTS YEAR-ROUND: Distribution of > 2,000 home garden seed kits with traditional African vegetables and training encompassing the value chain

TheTOPSProgram.org

Learn, Adapt, Apply: Improving Food Security and Nutrition Programs

Community of Practice: FSNNetwork.org

Technical Skills Training

Small Grants

2

3

1Enhancing Resilience of Maize in Africa

Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa

DTMA is working with 13countries across Africa and aims to minimize impacts of drought. • It has released 149 stress

tolerant varieties (2007-13).• Over 2,000,000 households

benefited from improved seed production and delivery in 2013.

Africa’sYield Gap is huge, and droughtis a major

factor.

…leading to happy farmers.

African governmentsneed to invest heavily in

stress tolerant varieties and mineral fertilizer to realize full benefits.

1. INTEGRATED CONTEXT ANALYSIS (ICA): NATIONAL LEVELIdentifies priority geographical areas

2. SEASONAL LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMMING (SLP): SUB-NATIONAL LEVEL Identifies programmes and partners

3. COMMUNITY-BASED PARTICIPATORY PLANNING (CBPP): LOCAL LEVELInter-sectorial implementation plan and community ownership

Three-pronged approach (3PA)A WFP operational approach for building resilience and food and nutrition security

1

2

Strengthens design, planning and implementation of longer-term resilience building programmes, developed in partnership and aligned to national and local priorities

3

BUILDING RESILIENCE THROUGH ASSET CREATION AND COMPLEMENTARY PROGRAMMES

Social Learning and Resilience: An intervention that supports the experimentation, reflection and learning needed

to address complex, dynamic and non-linear challenges like food security in the context of climate change.

Facilitates knowledge sharing, joint learning, and co-creation

Takes learning and behaviourchange beyond individuals to networks and systems

Iterative and adaptive process of working

Context-specific

Purposeful

Find out more at http://ccsl.wikispaces.com or email e.leborgne@cgiar.org to join our Yammer group

Key features of Social Learning

Social learning in

research

Participatory communications

Participatory plant breeding

Impact pathway

approaches

Multi-stakeholder platforms

Learning alliances

Farmer field schools

Adaptive collaborative managementSocial learning in

practiceSource: CCAFS Working Paper #38 Adapted from the CCSL brochure “Unlocking the potential of social learning for climate change and food security”

Chronic and transient poor face different nutritional constraints:

Household Poverty Dynamics and Nutrition Intake In a Lagging Region Of China: Key Findings

Nutrient Intake of Transient and Chronic Poor

（% of recommended intake)

Most households move in and out of poverty:

Transient Poor: 57%

Always non poor: 29%

Chronic poor: 14%

Child Malnutrition (%)

Household Poverty Dynamic Movement 5.9

35.3

27.8

26.7

4.4

05

10152025303540 Poor in

2009

Non poorin 2009

Total

Results based on 4-wave panel survey from Guizhou Province.

Zhang, Y.1, Filipski, M.2 , Chen, K.Z.2 and Diao, X.2 1Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science

2International Food Policy Research Institute zhangyumei2006@126.com

The chronic poor’s nutrient

intake is inadequate.

The transient poor meet

their energy & protein needs,

but lack some of essential

nutrients.

The non-poor also lacks

vitamins.

Long-term malnutrition remains challenging: Underweight and wasting rates

(indicating short-term nutrition issues) fall

below 8%.

The stunting rate of children under five

(indicating long-term malnutrition) was

over 25%.

92

110

126

111

68 60 62 62

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Chronic Transient Non poor All

EnergyProteinCaVAVB2

Community Vulnerability Assessments (PRAs;

Vegetation and Land cover Mapping)

Develop Local Adaptation Plan of Action

Implement Adaptation Strategies (e.g. On Farm

Trials, evaluation of resilient crop varieties, etc.)

Evaluation of Performance of

Adaptation Strategies (Impact Assessments)

Enhancing Climate Change Resilience of Food Production Systems in Pacific Islands

The Pacific Islands Communities is highly vulnerable to impacts of climate change. The Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC), through funding support from USAID, is collaborating with other partner agencies to evaluate and implement innovative techniques and management approaches to increase climate change resilience of land-based food production systems for communities in the Pacific Islands. The activities involved in the process is as shown below:

Empowers communities with

knowledge and skills on DRR and Climate Change Adaptation approaches in the

implementation of the plans.

E-LEAP: Strengthening Intergenerational Linkages

to Increase Resilience and Reduce Vulnerability in Borena Zone, Ethiopia

Supports the development and

promotion of intergenerational

practice as a catalyst for effective DRM at community level.

FOOD SECURITY PORTAL Improving Resilience to Food Price Shocks

Regional warning systems are being built to cover food price volatility in India, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Africa South of the Sahara.

The Food Security Portal’s Excessive Variability Early Warning System helps global policymakers react in a timely, appropriate manner to volatile food prices, increasing countries’ resilience

against food price spikes and reactionary food trade policies like export bans.

Securinglife afterdisaster

Improvinghealth

Generating employment

& market access

Creatingwealth

Enrichingagro-biodiversity

Empoweringwomen

Building resiliencethrough horticulture

GlobalHort – The Global Horticulture Initiative

Detlef Virchow, Executive SecretaryGlobalHort; dvirchow@globalhort.org

www.globalhort.org