dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03...

26
3 [email protected] [email protected] Activating green tourism (Environmental) to keep up with global environmental changes Study Case of the Blue Carbon Project in the UAE Hadir Abdelkader & Gaid Latifa University of Tipaza & University of Algeria3 - Algeria Received:11 Mar 2017 Accepted: 07 May 2017 Published: 30 June 2017 : jel : L83 . Abstract: Tourism causes environmental problems caused by airports, transportation, hotels and other tourist facilities, These problems contributed to global warming and led to the depletion of natural resources and the occurrence of biological changes, To alleviate these problems, a new type of tourism has emerged as one of the pillars of the green economy: eco-tourism, or so-called green tourism, The aim of this study is to know the international efforts to activate this type of tourism, Which held a series of summits and global conferences in order to raise the awareness of the international community to the need to develop green tourism, The UAE's Blue Carbon project is one of the results of these efforts, Therefore, countries should adopt the policies proposed and issued by the international bodies active in this area to ensure the sustainability of this kind of eco-friendly tourism. Key words: environmental issues, green economy, green tourism, international conferences. (JEL) Classification : L83.

Transcript of dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03...

Page 1: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

3

[email protected] [email protected]

Activating green tourism (Environmental) to keep up with global environmental changes

Study Case of the Blue Carbon Project in the UAE

Hadir Abdelkader & Gaid Latifa

University of Tipaza & University of Algeria3 - Algeria

Received:11 Mar 2017 Accepted: 07 May 2017 Published: 30 June 2017

:

jel: L83.

Abstract: Tourism causes environmental problems caused by airports, transportation, hotels and other tourist

facilities, These problems contributed to global warming and led to the depletion of natural resources and the occurrence of biological changes, To alleviate these problems, a new type of tourism has emerged as one of the pillars of the green economy: eco-tourism, or so-called green tourism, The aim of this study is to know the international efforts to activate this type of tourism, Which held a series of summits and global conferences in order to raise the awareness of the international community to the need to develop green tourism, The UAE's Blue Carbon project is one of the results of these efforts, Therefore, countries should adopt the policies proposed and issued by the international bodies active in this area to ensure the sustainability of this kind of eco-friendly tourism. Key words: environmental issues, green economy, green tourism, international conferences.

(JEL) Classification : L83.

Page 2: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،412 2017، جوان 12دد الع

Page 3: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،413 2017، جوان 12دد الع

1

1

1.1 1.1.1

2001200

1001

2.1.1

157380

02

2.1

03

Page 4: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،414 2017، جوان 12دد الع

3.1

4.1

5.1

6.1

7.1

2 2

Page 5: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،415 2017، جوان 12دد الع

1.2

2.2

3.2

4.2

Page 6: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،416 2017، جوان 12دد الع

5.2

6.2

3 5

152030846

52005

7540

01

Page 7: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،417 2017، جوان 12دد الع

1

.

1.1

(Ressources pour le futur) 3 1950

... 1982 1992

20 4 2008

9

5 - 2007 " "

. :

2008 2009 20096 .

Page 8: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،418 2017، جوان 12دد الع

- :

.

2008

. 2.1

UNEP2008 2009

) (20+ 2012 ) (

"

7

8 :

9

3.1

. :

... :

...

Page 9: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،419 2017، جوان 12دد الع

: ...

.

02

2

1.2

10

11

12

2.2

13

14

3.2 1990

15

Page 10: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،420 2017، جوان 12دد الع

IUCN1996

16

3 1.3

17

18

19

2.3

20

(Yves rocher) 2009 (Yves rocher)

29 3002

Page 11: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،421 2017، جوان 12دد الع

(Strattons Hotel Norfolk, Royaume-Uni)

2001

2006

(Spice Island Beach Resort, Grenade) 64

(écoénergétique)

(compostage)

322

Fairmont1990(partenariat vert de Fairmont)

best corporate social responsibility program 2006

2.3

2 1

:22

(Reformulated)

Volatility limits)

(Sulphur limits)

(Oxygenated fuel) .(CO)

Page 12: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،422 2017، جوان 12دد الع

23

.

Continental Airlines Sustainable Travel

International Sustainable Travel International

Sustainable Travel International 24

Gold standard

.

.

) (

.

Page 13: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،423 2017، جوان 12دد الع

3.3

1968

1972 "

(Representative Ecological Unit) 1982

25

2 6

2 7

28

1

1.1 8 102001

Page 14: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،424 2017، جوان 12دد الع

10020

25

2.1 19 -222002

2002

3.1 14- 16

2005

4.12007 2007

200714 16

2002

Page 15: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،425 2017، جوان 12دد الع

2 1.2

9 112003

.29

2.2

132007

''2003

30

5٪CO2

•''

31

Page 16: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،426 2017، جوان 12دد الع

. . 3.2

132007

''

''32

4.2

44036

InterContinental15 202011

21

33

5.2 18

Legazpi 920201434

Page 17: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،427 2017، جوان 12دد الع

3

1.32007 2007

1020

Page 18: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،428 2017، جوان 12دد الع

35

2.32009 2009

79

2%2050

36

3.32010 2010

.

Page 19: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،429 2017، جوان 12دد الع

37

4.32011

200

8192.4%8138

4

2013 )( .

.

GRID-Arendal

" ) Forest Trends ( .

.39

.

Page 20: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،430 2017، جوان 12دد الع

1000

667

.40

.

.

.

.

Page 21: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،431 2017، جوان 12دد الع

.

Page 22: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،432 2017، جوان 12دد الع

011950 2007

13201379

02

>0.5 0.5 0.56 0.56 0.9 <0.9

>0.6 0.6 0.75 0.75 1.10 <1.10

>0.9 0.9 1.00 1.00 1.40 <1.40

>0.35 0.35 0.41 0.41 0.75 <0.75

>0.45 0.45 0.60 0.60 0.95 <0.95

>0.70 0.70 0.80 0.80 1.20 <1.20

>0.2 0.2 0.21 0.21 0.31 <0.31

>0.22 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.38 <0.38

>0.29 0.29–0.300.30–0.46 <0.46

30200717 03

>135 135

145

145

170

<170

>150 150

200

200

240

<240

>285 285

345

345

410

<410

>140 140

150

150

175

<175

>120 120

140

140

170

<170

Page 23: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،433 2017، جوان 12دد الع

>260 260

290

290

345

<345

>190 190

220

220

250

<250

>80 80 100 100

120

<120

>270 270

320

320

370

<370

70 80 80 90 <90

190

200

200

230

<230

260

280

280

320

<320

60 70 70 80 <80

180

200

200

210

<210

240

270

270

290

<290

30200716 17

03

>0.6 0.6 1.2 1.2 2.00 <2.00

>0.4 0.4 1.00 1.00 1.50 <1.50

>0.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 1.50 <1.50

30200718

01

27200806

Page 24: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،434 2017، جوان 12دد الع

02

3

201406

Page 25: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،435 2017، جوان 12دد الع

1 3020073 8 2 3020072 7 3 - 1 2005 1 3 4 4

24201406 5 : /

2011 01 6 United Nation Economic and Social

Commision for Western Asia ،15/12/201003. 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to sustainable development and poverty eradication, Nairobi, 2011, p:16. 8 -World Bank: Inclusive green growth: The pathway to sustainable development (Washington, DC, 2012), p:02. 9 - OECD: Towards green growth, A summary for policy makers, Paris, May 2011, p:08.

10 197758 11- Honey Martha, Ecotourism and Sustainable development: Who owns paradise(Washinton: DC, Island Press 1999,p: 19. 12 - Christian Chaboud , Philippe Méraf et Djohary Andrianam binimina, "l'écotourisme comme nouveau mode de valorisation de l'environement: diversité et stratégie des acteur a Madagascar" papier presente an 14 émes journé du développement organisée par l'Association Tiers_monde et le Gemdev, Paris , le 2-4 juin 2003, p: 07.

13 http://ansd.info/main/art.php?id=139&art=10536

2810201210:30 14 2008221 15

09 10201007 16

3322005295 17 - Sarah Alexander, GREEN HOTELS: Opportunities and Resources for Success, Edited by Carter Kennedy, Zero Waste Alliance, September 2002 , p: 02.

18 04

www.t1t.net/book/save.php?action=save&id=142 1911201216:25 19 22052009

07 20 06 07 21

100 Watt, St-Martin-Bellevue,France201130 22 26–04200208 23 27200707 24 e Journal USA 13 118200

http://www.america.gov/publications/ejournals.html19 25 2008146 26 05022012

151 27

2 4199903

Page 26: dspace.univ-eloued.dzdspace.univ-eloued.dz/bitstream/123456789/5810/1... · 2020-04-08 · .03 2010/12/15 ،Commision for Western Asia 7- UNEP: Towards a green economy: Pathways to

مجلة رؤى اقتصاديةجامعة الشهيد حمه خلضر، الوادي، اجلزائر،436 2017، جوان 12دد الع

28 04172012

06 29 - World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - A Specialized Agency of the United NationsDjerba Declaration on Tourism and Climate Change, Djerba, Tunisia, 11 April2003 http://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/decladjerbae.pdf .17:05على الساعة 05/01/2016: ، تاریخ التصفح 30 - World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - A Specialized Agency of the United Nations ,DAVOS DECLARATION CLIMATE CHANGE AND TOURISM RESPONDING TO GLOBAL CHALLENGES , The Second International Conference on Climate Change and Tourism, Davos, Switzerland, 3 October 2007 http://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/decladavose.pdf

31 27200705 32 - Committed to Tourism, Travel and the Millennium Development Goals, Ministers’ Summit on Tourism and Climate Change, London, United Kingdom Conference Set, Platinum Suite 4, Level 3,13 November 2007 http://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/conclulondon.pdf 33 - International Institute for peace through Tourism, Lusaka Declaration on Sustainable Tourism Development, Climate Change And Peace, Lusaka, Zambia, 20 May, 2011 http://sdt.unwto.org/sites/all/files/docpdf/lusakadeclarationontourismclimatechangeandpeace1.pdf 34 - World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) - A Specialized Agency of the United Nations, Legazpi City, Albay Declaration on Tourism’s Response to Climate Change, UNWTO-Asean International Conference On Tourism And Climate Change, Legazpi, 20th May 2014 http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/legazpi_declaration.pdf

35 200739 36 200945 37 2010201329 38 2011

201333 39

2801201323 40 192017

http://www.ngalarabiya.com/eye-on-earth0505201721:45