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Katedra i Zakład Histologii i Embriologii Centrum Biostruktury Warszawski Uniwersytet Medyczny

2018/2019 HISTOLOGY and EMBRYOLOGY

6 years MD PROGRAM

Textbooks

Obligatory literature: 1. Gartner L. P., “Textbook of Histology”, 2017, Elsevier, fourth edition. 2. Sadler T. W. “Langman’s Medical Embryology”, 2015, Wolters Kluwer Health, thirteenth edition. 3. Daniel J. Chiego, Jr.: “Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology”: A Clinical Approach, Elsevier 4th edition, 2014

Supplementary literature: 1. Stevens A., Lowe J. “Human Histology” 2005, Elsevier Mosby, third ed. 2. Ross M.H., Pawlina W. “Histology: A text and atlas”, 2011, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, sixth ed. 3. Schoenwolf, Bleyl, Brauer, Francis-West “Larsen's Human Embryology” 5th Ed. 4. Nanci A. “Ten Cate’s - Oral Histology”, 2008, Elsevier, seventh edition or newer

WINTER SEMESTER – October 1. 2018 – January 23, 201 9

◄☼► SEMINARS & PRACTICAL CLASSES - GENERAL HISTOLOGY

1. October 1, 3. 2018 Seminar: Microscope, histological technique. Practical class: Various cell types.

- fibroblasts (slide # 97), - isolated cells from smooth muscles (slide # 19), - nerve cells impregnated with silver nitrate (slide # 112), - proper use of the light microscope (text # 21),

2. October 8, 10. 2018 Seminar: Compartments of cells and their function. Practical class: Electron microscope and cell struc ture.

astrocytes microtubules

- mitochondria (EM # 42, 51), - endoplasmic reticulum (EM # 2), - the Golgi complex & microtubules (EM # 12) - endosomes & lysosomes (EM # 54), - microtubules (EM # 33), - proteasomes (text & EM # 98)

- peroxisomes (EM # 8), - amino acids (text # 27), - lipid rafts & caveolae (text #143) - biologically active compounds (derived from fatty a cids and phospholipids) - released from

cell membranes (text & fig. # 13) microtubule

3. October 15, 17. 2018 Seminar: Cell cycle and its regulation. Practical class: Cell division.

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human

chromosomes – blue; centromeres – white

- mitosis in sections of limb obtained from 16.5-day- old mouse fetus (slide # 4), - mitosis in in vitro cultured cells (slide # 1), - nucleus and nucleolus (EM # 52),

nucleosomes and nucleofilaments (EM # 231), - sex chromatin (fig. # 30),

bipolar spindle

- motor proteins – dynein and kinesin (fig. # 11), - hypothetical mechanism of chromosome movement dur ing anaphase (fig. # 3, 4), - microtubules attached to the kinetochore and sche matic drawing of a chromosome (fig. & EM #

29), - human metaphase chromosomes visualized by various methods (fig. # 132), - inborn deformations caused by abnormal number or structure of chromosomes (text & fig. # 89)

4. October 22, 24. 2018 Seminar: Structure and function of epithelial tissu e. Practical class: Epithelial tissue, glands.

- simple squamous epithelium - cornea (slide # 3a),

simple columnar epithelium

- simple columnar epithelium - jejunum (slide # 51a), - simple cuboidal epithelium - thyroid gland (slide # 8), - stratified squamous epithelium – cornea (slide # 3a ), - pseudostratified columnar epithelium - trachea (sli de # 60), - stratified cuboidal epithelium (transitional) - uri nary bladder (slide # 67),

5. October 29, 31. 2018 Seminar: Structure and function of connective tissu e proper and adipose tissue. Practical class: Connective tissue proper and adipo se tissue.

phagocytosis of cancer cell by

macrophage (pink)

- loose connective tissue – mesentery, mast cells, el astic fibers (slide # 9), - dense connective tissue – tendon (slide # 7), - unilocular (yellow) adipose tissue – hypodermis (sl ide # 38), - multilocular (brown) adipose tissue (slide # 110), - reticular fibers - spleen (slide # 113), - leptin, the hormone of satiety, secreted by adipocy tes (text # 22). - “Crocodile people” - photo # 24

6. November 5, 7. 2018 Seminar: Structure of cartilage and bone. Practical class: Cartilage and bone.

hyaline cartilage

- hyaline cartilage (slide # 10), - elastic cartilage – epiglottis (slide # 12), - compact bone – ground section (slide # 14), - compact bone, decalcified (slide # 16),

- the aggregate of proteoglycans (fig. # 49), - cartilage nous proteoglycans (fig. # 97), - schematic representations of cartilage and bone pro teoglycans (fig. # 55). - molecular biology of achondroplasia, hypochondropla sia and tanatophoric dysplasia (text,

figure & photo # 23). - reconstruction of defects in articular surface cart ilage with transplantation of isolated

chondrocytes (text & photo # 48).

compact bone, decalcified

7. November 12, 14. 2018 Seminar: Development of various types of bone tissu e; rebuilding of bones. Practical class: Bone formation. - capsule of synovial joint (slide # 15), - intramembranous ossification (slide # 17),

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- endochondral ossification – late stage (slide # 18) , - synovial membrane of joint capsule (slide # 59), (Fragment of synovial membrane from human knee join t. A layer of synoviocytes rests on

the cushion of fat cells. Numerous blood vessels ar e present. The layer of synoviocytes contains both fibroblasts (F cells) and macrophages (M cells), but they are difficult to distinguish without speci al staining. F cells usually have elongated nuclei with the long axis parallel to the surface of the synovial membrane. Nuclei of M cells are usually la rger and more rounded. L. general structure of syno vial membrane; H. a layer of synoviocytes.)

osteon

- vascular system of bone and bone marrow cavity (fig . # 63), - osteoporosis (text # 38), - the role of cell-to-cell interactions in osteoclast formation (text & fig. # 56), - changes occurring in bones in osteoporosis (fig. # 86), - osteogenic groove and perichondral ring (text & pho to # 28).

8. November 19, 21. 2018 Seminar: Structure, organization and function of pe ripheral nervous system. Practical class: Nervous tissue. Peripheral nervous system.

- isolated nerve fiber (slide # 25), - peripheral nerve (slide # 27), - peripheral nerve – impregnated with OsO 4 (slide # 26), - dorsal root ganglion (slide # 76), - nerve cells in the spinal cord – tigroid (slide # 7 5), - axon (EM # 79), - Nissl bodies (EM # 18), - tau protein (EM # 37),

motoneuron

- molecular structure of tau & MAP proteins (fig. # 7 7) - diagram of an axon and its cover - that is, the mye lin and Schwann cell - as seen with the light

microscope (fig. # 64), - diagram of an axon and its covering sheaths in long itudinal section to show the relationship

between the axon, myelin, and the cytoplasm of the Schwann cell and the node of Ranvier (fig. # 65),

- diagram to aid in conceptualising of the relationsh ip of myelin and cytoplasm of a Schwann cell (fig. # 66).

9. November 26, 28. 2018 Seminar: Structure, organization and function of mu scular tissue. Practical class: Muscle.

- smooth muscular tissue - the wall of jejunum (slide # 13), - cross-striated muscle - tongue (slide # 20),

cardiac muscle

- cardiac muscle (slide # 23), - cross-striation in the muscle (slide # 22), - intercalated disc (EM # 16 & 39), - satellite cells (EM # 7), - sarcoplasmic reticulum (EM # 40), - sarcomere (EM # 75) - dystrophin & utrophin (fig. # 84)

10. December 3, 5. 2018 Seminar: Formation of particular types of blood cel ls. Practical class: Blood and bone marrow.

blood in the tube

- blood film (slide # 104), - smear of bone marrow cells (slide # 35a), - the section of red bone marrow (slide # 35), - foetal liver (no. 54a), - lymphocytes fixed as a suspension and in the smear (EM # 59), - scheme of platelet function (fig. # 68). - blood morphology analysis by flow cytometry (text & fig. # 67).

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11. December 10, 12. 2018 Seminar: Structure of vessels with particular empha sis on function of endothelial cells. Practical class: Circulatory system.

human aorta cross section

- heart (slide # 33), - aorta stained with resorcin (elastic membranes and fibers) (slide # 31), - aorta stained with HE (slide # 30), - muscular artery and vein (slide # 29), - capillaries – mesentery (slide # 28), - vein spermatica in spermatic cord (slide # 24), - troponins – acute myocardial infarction diagnosis ( Text & fig. # 35) - Weibel – Palade body (EM # 58), - endocrine cells of the heart (EM # 60), - natriuretic hormone of atrium (atriopeptine, ANF) ( Text # 57).

12. December 17, 19. 2018 Practical class: Retake of uncredited weekly tests. Getting credit from classes before Intermediate

Examination in General Histology. Demonstration of histological slides before the Int ermediate Examination in General Histology.

13. January 7, 9. 2019 Practical class: Demonstration of histological slid es before the intermediate examination in General

Histology. Practical intermediate examination in General Histo logy (classes from 1 to 11).

14. January 14, 16. 2019 Practical class: Retake of the practical intermediate examination in General Histology. (Students, who did not pass practical part of any examination before the d ate of the retake exam, will not qualify for the re take MCQ test.)

• January 19, 2019 - SATURDAY! Theoretical intermediate examination (MCQ-test - cl asses from 1 to 11 or lectures) in General histology (for all groups 6-MD)

◄☼► SEMINARS & PRACTICAL CLASSES - EMBRYOLOGY

15. January 21, 23. 2019 Seminar: Hormones produces by the hypophysis, regul ation by the hypothalamus. Practical class: Endocrine glands. slides: hypophysis (no. 40),

• thyroid gland (no. 8), • parathyroid gland (no. 90), • suprarenal gland (no. 39), • pineal gland (no. 49), • chromaffin reaction in the suprarenal gland (no. 5) ,

specimen x (no. 32) – please, answer the following questions: hypophysis Can you recognise in this specimen: 1) epithelium (if the answer is yes what type is i t?), 2) glands (if the answer is yes, what type are the y?),

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3) fibroblasts, 4) adipocytes (fat cells), 5) fibers: a)collagen, b)elastic, 6) stratified muscle cells, 7) smooth muscle cells, 8) blood vessels, arterioles, venules, 9) capillaries, 10) nerves.

thyroid gland

electronograms: • primary hyperparathyroidis (text & fig. 85 ), • photograph of a patient with a thyroglossal cyst (p hoto. 87),

General histology

• January 19, 2019 - Saturday Theoretical (MCQ) intermediate examination in General Histology

• March 2, 2019 - Saturday Retake of the theoretical (MCQ) intermediate examin ation in General Histology

Dates of all examinations are not subject to negoti ation.

Practical class: Retake of uncredited weekly tests. Getting credit from classes in... Poprawianie niezaliczonych wejściówek (weekly test). Zaliczanie ćwiczeń przed kolokwium z ....