20161005 Organ on a chip - SNU OPEN COURSEWARE
Transcript of 20161005 Organ on a chip - SNU OPEN COURSEWARE
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What is “Organ-on-a-chip”?
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What is Organ-on-a-chip?
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What is Organ-on-a-chip?
Bioengineering Mechanical engineering
http://www.edutrics.com/wp-content/uploads https://www.wired.com/2015/06/chip-mimics-human-organs-design-year/
Organ-on-a-chip
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What is Organ-on-a-chip?
http://home.sogang.ac.kr/sites/nbel/Research/Pages/Cell%20Chip.aspx
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Importance of Organ-on-a-chip
http://www.gartner.com/technology/home.jsp
Expecting technologies in July, 2015
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The purpose of Organ-on-a-chip
Disease Model
New drug development
Huh, Dongeun, et al. Science (2010)
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Chemical Drugs (신약) vs. Biologics (바이오시밀러)
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http://www.hcrnetwork.com/biosimilars-market-in-the-us-2015/http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/HowDrugsareDevelopedandApproved/ApprovalApplications/TherapeuticBiologicApplications/Biosimilars/
http://www.popsci.com/what-is-biosimilar
Biosimilar (바이오시밀러)
✓ “Highly similar” to an already-approved biological product
✓ Can save U.S. $250 billion over the next decade
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http://blog.samsung.co.kr/5682http://www.enewstoday.co.kr/news/articleView.html?
idxno=609668
SAMSUNG BIOEPIS
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http://news.newsway.co.kr/view.php?tp=1&ud=2016090810312972685&md=20160908103409_AOhttp://news.mtn.co.kr/newscenter/news_viewer.mtn?gidx=2016100409383584361
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Drug development process
http://www.ppdi.com/About/About-Drug-Discovery-and-Development
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Clinical Trial (임상시험)
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New drug development
In pre-clinical research, we should test
✓ Toxicity and Efficacy✓ Test first on animal models✓ Whether it is safe to test on human
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New drug development
https://www.retaildetail.eu/en/news/drogmetica/european-ban-animal-testing-cosmetics-upheldhttp://crpc.kist.re.kr/common/attachfile/attachfileNumPdf.do?boardNo=00004944&boardInfoNo=0023&rowNo=1
Pre-clinical test
should be changed
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Necessity of the research
Problems of in-vivo experiments
Draize Test
Replacement : Organ-on-a-Chip
Huh et al, 2012. Lab Chip.
• Limited experimental group
• Ethical problems
• Economical inefficiency
• Heterogeneous nature of cell
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New drug development
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Emerging Trends in Drug Screening
In vivo (animal)
screening
Phenomenological Low throughput
Disease relevance?
In vitro (biochemical)
screening
Target based High throughput
Disease relevance -‐ low
In vivo (immortalized cells)
screening
Target based High throughput Disease relevance?
In vivo (primary cells)
screening
Phenotypically based Low throughput
Disease relevance -‐ high
In vivo (ES and iPS cells)
screening
Phenotypically based High throughput
Disease relevance -‐ high
In vivo (3D tissue assemblies)
screening
Phenotypically based Throughput?
Disease relevance -‐ high
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The history of Organ-on-a-chip
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Neutrophil Chemotaxis
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“Old” Tools Still Used in Biology
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No Control Over Individual Cells, Cell-ECM and Cell-Cell Interactions
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Custom “Apartments for Cells”and “Communities of Cells”
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• Micrototal Analysis System (μTAS) • Genomic analysis• Protein analysis• High throughput screening• Cell Biology and Neuroscience
microfluidic gene sequencing LabChip µTAS (Caliper)
manipulation of fluids in small channels
Cell Sorter (Fluidigm)
Microfluidics
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Multiscale Control of Cellular Microenvironments
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2D Culture
Petri-dish culture
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Life is in 3D
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✓ Soluble gradients absent
✓ Forced apical-basal polarity
✓ Continuous layer of matrix
✓ Unconstrained spreading in x-y plane
✓ Adhesions restricted to x-y plane
✓ High stiffness
2D Culture
3D CultureChristopher S. Chen, Journal of cell science (2012)
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Organ-on-a-chip
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Organ-on-a-chip
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Organ-on-a-Chip
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Lung-on-a-Chip
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Lung-on-a-Chip
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Blood Vessel on a Chip:Toward Vascularized Micro-Tissue Engineered Constructs
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Loading Gelsnad Cells in Spatially Controlled Manner
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Vasculogenesis
Day 0
100 μⅿ
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Vasculogenesis Microfluidic PlatformFibroblast-HUVEC-Fibroblast
in Fibrin-Collagen matrix Spontaneous network formation
Day 1
Day 3 Day 4
Day 2
100 µm
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Day 1 Day 2
Day 3 Day 4
Vasculogenic Vessel Formation
100 um
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xz plane
yz plane
*
* *
NucleiF-actin
CD31
xy plane
Lumen-Cross Section for Vasculogenic Vessels
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Angiogenesis
Day 0
500 μⅿ
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Day
1D
ay 2
Day
3D
ay 4
Aver
age
spro
ut le
ngth
(µm
) 700
525
350
175
0Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
Vasc
ular
are
a co
vera
ge (%
) 80
60
40
20
0Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4
2 million cells/ml 3 million cells/ml
Vasculogenesis Angiogenesis
100 µm
Blood vessel formation
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Vasculogenesis-derived network
Nuc
lei
F-a
ctin
C
D31
100 µm
Day 4
~ 88 % success rate (n = 36 chips)
Establishment of Perfusable Vessels
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Microbeads flowing through the vascular network
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NucleiICAM-1
Collagen IV
Vessel Characterization: Apical-Basal Polarity
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FITC-dextran HUVECs
Extravascularfibrin matrix
Vessel Permeability (Fluorescent Dextran 70KD)
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NucleusF-actin
Compatible with High Resolution Microscopy
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Live-Cell Imaging of Tip Cell Dynamics
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Engineering Functional, Perfusable 3D Microvascular Networks
Kim et al. Lab Chip, 2013 Selected as Top 10% paper, Research highlights
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Blood Vessels On-A-Chip
24mm x 24mm coverslip
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Organ-on-a Chip Research Groups
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Korea University
3D in vitro disease model 3D tissue reconstruction
Translational research
Angiogenesis
Cancer metastasis
Seok Chung
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SungkyunkwanUniversity
Sungsu Park
Pathogen detection chip
Cell elongation chip
Anticancer chip
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Hongik University
3D in vitro gut model Multi organ on a chip
Jong Hwan Sung
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Seoul National University
New Fabrication
Vasculature on a Chip Brain on a Chip
Cell Dynamics
Noo Li Jeon
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Dan Huh
Gut-on-a-chip
Eye-on-a-chip
University of Pennsylvania
Lung-on-a-chip
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Roger Kamm MIT
Biological machines / Microfluidics
Angiogenesis / Vasculogenesis
Cancer
Simulation and modeling
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Shoji TakeuchiUniversity of Tokyo
3D tissue construction
Membrane protein chip
Neural interface
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Companies : Organ-on-a-chip
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Field of specification
Emulation human biology
Year Founded 2014
Total Funding $40Million
Recent Funding $28Million(March 28, 2016)
Headquarters Cambridge, Massachusetts
Size of corporation 25-50 employees
Website http://emulatebio.com
1. Emulate
https://emulatebio.com/insight/tedmed-2015/
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Field of specification
Microfluidic,Organ on a chip
Year Founded 2013
Total Funding $8.4Million
Recent Funding $1.6Million(January 5, 2016)
Headquarters Leiden,Nederland
Size of corporation 35-50 employees
Website http://ww.mimetas.com
2. Mimetas
3D networks of iPSC-derived neurons and glia for high-throughput neurotoxicity screening, N.R. Wevers, K.J. Wilschut, R. van Vught, H.L. Lanz, S.J. Trietsch, J. Joore & P. Vulto
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xxx
A human liver microphysiology platform for investigating physiology, drug safety, and disease models, Lawrence A. Vernetti, Nina Senutovitch, Robert Boltz
3. Nortis Bio
Field of specification
Microfluidic,Organ on a chip
Year Founded 2012
Total Funding $2.65Million
Recent Funding $0.41Million(March 19, 2015)
Headquarters Seattle,Washington
Size of corporation 30-40 employees
Website http://ww.nortisbio.com
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xxx
A Micropatterned Hepatocyte Coculture Model for Assessment of Liver Toxicity Using High-Content Imaging Analysis. Assay Drug Dev Technol., Vol. 12 (1), p 16-27, (2014).
4. Hepregen
Field of specification
Liver,In-vitro testing
Year Founded 2007
Total Funding $3Million
Recent Funding $0.5Million(June 27, 2012)
Headquarters Medford,Massachusetts
Size of corporation 10-25 employees
Website http://www.hepregen.com
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Summary
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Summary1) Petri-dish culture 2) 2D patterned chip
4) Organ-on-a-chip 3) 3D Cell Spheroid
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What is Organ-on-a-chip?
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경청해주셔서 감사합니다