© 2016 The New York Times Many What-Ifs ‘Brexit’ Vote ... · PDF...
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VOL. CLXV . . . No. 57,268 © 2016 The New York Times SUNDAY, JUNE 19, 2016 FALLUJA, Iraq — In the days leading up to the storming of Fal- luja by Iraqi forces, Brig. Gen. Hadi Razaij, the leading Sunni po- lice commander in the campaign, sat on a cot in an abandoned house near the front line. He described the resistance that lay ahead: a determined force of hundreds of jihadists that had months to pre- pare. General Razaij’s presence on the battlefield shows that local Sunnis, and not just the Shiite forces that now dominate Iraqi politics, are fighting to liberate their own communities, and has helped tamp down fears that the battle for Falluja would heighten sectarian tensions. He was dispassionate as he de- scribed the challenges, but for him the fight was personal, too. Gen- eral Razaij’s brother stands ac- cused of being a member of the Is- lamic State and is in a prison cell after being arrested at a check- point with a car full of explosives. In northern Iraq, Nofal Ham- madi, the governor-in-exile of Mo- sul, is working with the United States to plan for that city’s libera- tion from the Islamic State. He, too, has family in the fight: Mr. Hammadi’s brother is an Islamic State official, having appeared in a video pledging his allegiance to the terror group and disowning his brother. Even as the central question of Iraq remains unanswered — whether the country’s Sunni mi- nority and Shiite majority can ever peacefully coexist in a uni- fied state — the experiences of General Razaij, Mr. Hammadi and others add a troubling corollary: It is not clear that Iraq’s divided Sunnis will ever be able to find peace among themselves after a conflict that in many ways is play- ing out as a war within families. After all, when Iraqi Sunnis talk about fighting the Islamic State, it is not a discussion of some shadowy and unknowable force. It is about sons and brothers, nephews and neighbors. “Today we don’t necessarily Iraqi Brother but ISIS Enemy: War Fractures Families and Sect By TIM ARANGO and FALIH HASSAN Continued on Page 10 ROME — Among the well- heeled bureaucrats of the Euro- pean Union, it is an article of faith that the bloc always emerges stronger from a crisis. The idealis- tic founders who six decades ago dreamed of stitching warring na- tions into a peaceful whole knew the path would be bumpy. But al- ways, the union wobbled forward. Now the dream of an integrated and ever-stronger Europe could sink into the English Channel on Thursday, when British voters de- cide whether to abandon the bloc. To the pro-Europe establishment, this latest crisis is considered a peculiarly British affair, in which the villains are opportunistic poli- ticians steering voters toward a delusional, self-inflicted mistake. That may be. But if Britain does leave, the European Union can also blame its own handling of the crises of the past decade — the tribulations of the euro, the debt standoff with Greece and a flawed approach to migration. Each time, the bloc rammed through ugly, short-term fixes that only in- flamed the angry nationalism now spreading across the Continent and Britain. The result was almost a decade of ad hoc crisis management that even many admirers agree has left the European Union badly wounded and its reputation badly damaged. Idealism has given way to disillusionment. The bloc’s elite technocrats are often perceived as out of touch, while European in- stitutions are not fully equipped to address problems like unemploy- ment and economic stagnation. Political solidarity is dissolving into regional divisions of east and west, north and south. The economic implications of a British exit, the so-called Brexit, are potentially staggering, but many experts agree that regard- less of how the British vote, poli- tics across Europe must change. The structure of the euro currency zone is still considered fragile. The bloc’s German-dominated economic policy has meant nearly a decade lost in much of debt-rid- den southern Europe, which is still struggling to recover from its economic crisis. “We cannot continue with the status quo,” said Enrico Letta, a former Italian prime minister. “We have to move forward.” Politics in Europe, as in the United States, have gotten ugly and mean. Far-right, anti-immi- gration parties are gaining strength in Poland, Hungary, Aus- tria, France and Germany. That same nasty tenor has infused the British campaign with hostility and xenophobia toward immi- grants. The killing on Thursday of Jo Cox, a member of Parliament who had campaigned for remain- ing in the union, shocked all of Britain. “It is not very easy being Eng- lish at the moment,” said Simon Tilford, deputy director of the Cen- ter for European Reform in Lon- don. “Grim stuff.” Mr. Tilford falls into an interest- ing camp: He has long been an ‘Brexit’ Vote Reflects How Diversity Adds to E.U. Pain AThreat From Britain Is the Latest Hit to the Credibility of the European Project By JIM YARDLEY A Union Jack fluttering beside European Union flags at un- ion headquarters in Brussels. FRANCOIS LENOIR/REUTERS Continued on Page 8 The archivist stumbled across the file in a stack of boxes on the second floor of the Schomburg Center for Research in Black Cul- ture in Harlem. The yellowing let- ters inside dated back more than half a century, chronicling the dreams and struggles of a young man in Kenya. He was ambitious and impetu- ous, a 22-year-old clerk who could type 75 words a minute and trans- late English into Swahili. But he had no money for college. So he pounded away on a typewriter in Nairobi, pleading for financial aid from universities and foundations across the Atlantic. His letters would help change the course of American history. “It has been my long cherished ambition to further my studies in America,” he wrote in 1958. His name was Barack Hussein Obama, and his dispatches helped unleash a stream of scholarship money that carried him from Ken- ya to the United States. There, he fathered the child who would be- come the nation’s first black presi- dent, only to vanish from his son’s Words From Obama’s Father, Waiting to Be Read by His Son By RACHEL L. SWARNS Continued on Page 15 Barack Obama Sr. in 1959 as a University of Hawaii student; an appeal for financial aid. HONOLULU STAR-ADVERTISER In an address after the Orlando massacre punctuated with dire warnings of impending violence, Donald J. Trump said he would “suspend immigration from areas of the world when there is a prov- en history of terrorism” against the United States or its allies. Mr. Trump promised fixes to the im- migration system that would be “tough” and “smart” and “fast.” It sounded much like his pro- vocative proposal to keep Mus- lims from entering the country, but those listening closely noticed an important change. By propos- ing to bar people from certain re- gions rather than religions, Mr. Trump had avoided the sticky is- sue of testing someone’s faith. Mr. Trump’s plan, lawyers and legal scholars agree, is one that the president has the power to carry out. But they said that putting it in place would take an ambitious bu- reaucratic effort not likely to move nearly as quickly as the can- didate envisions. And it would make sweeping use of executive authority to enact the sharpest re- strictions on immigration since 1965, when the United States abandoned longstanding quotas designed to exclude people from much of Asia and from southern and Eastern Europe. “Executive authority over im- migration is very broad,” said Bo Cooper, a lawyer who served as general counsel to the federal im- migration agency from 1999 to 2003. But Mr. Trump’s proposal, he said, “goes far beyond what’s been done with that authority in the past. The leap in scale is or- ders of magnitude.” The presumptive Republican nominee did not name which countries would be covered by his ban, but they could include vast sections of the Middle East, north- ern and sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Islamic terrorists have oper- ated in at least 17 nations in recent years, and citizens of those coun- tries received more than 1.4 mil- lion visas to come to the United States in 2014, including green cards for immigrants settling here permanently and temporary visas for workers, students and visitors. By Mr. Trump’s definition, a ban Many What-Ifs In Trump Plan For Migrants Broad Ban Would Be Slow and Complex By JULIA PRESTON Continued on Page 16 LIVES REMEMBERED, PROFILES, PAGE 19 A memorial outside Orlando Regional Medical Center for the 49 people killed when Omar Ma- teen, a 29-year-old American who pledged allegiance to the Islamic State, attacked a nightclub. SCOTT MCINTYRE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES ORLANDO, Fla. — The brother of the bride arrived late for her re- ception. But soon enough he was mingling at the lakeside pavilion in West Palm Beach, where a di- verse gathering of guests dined on chicken tikka masala and goat biryani while admiring the view of the Intracoastal Waterway just beyond the floor-to-ceiling win- dows. Then came the moment to join in a traditional Afghan dance called the attan, in which dancers form a circle and are led through a series of synchronized turns and moves. If well executed, the attan can create an almost trancelike sense of oneness. But here was the bride’s brother — stocky, bespectacled Omar Ma- teen — dancing in the group and yet dancing apart. Clumsy, out of sync, his head mostly down, the man dressed in black was follow- ing his own rhythm. Four months after this celebra- tion of life in February, the awk- ward man in black caused whole- sale death. Chuckling and declar- ing allegiance to the Islamic State, he opened fire at a gay and Latino nightclub here, leaving 49 people dead and wounding 53 others be- From Troubled Child to Aggrieved Killer This article is by Dan Barry, Serge F. Kovaleski, Alan Blinder and Mu- jib Mashal. Continued on Page 18 Can a former bond trader who grew up following the N.F.L. persuade Ameri- cans to watch rugby? THE MAGAZINE The Ultimate Scrum Maureen Dowd PAGE 11 SUNDAY REVIEW U(DF47D3)W+$!,!_!#!] Employment prospects have dimmed and debt has ballooned for law school graduates. And now, with a collapse in applications, the schools are responding with steep cuts in faculty. PAGE 1 SUNDAY BUSINESS The Law School Bust One of Wall Street’s most elite names, Goldman Sachs, has opened a bank aimed at ordinary Americans. The minimum deposit is $1. PAGE 1 $10 Million Not Required Almost half the benches in Central Park are more than just places for a person to sit. The plaques attached to many share memories with the world. PAGE 24 NEW YORK 24-25 4,223 Seats, 4,223 Stories Phoenix, which has often been the butt of jokes because of its desert sprawl, is rebuilding the downtown district and, possibly, its image. PAGE 14 NATIONAL 14-21 In the Desert, a Tech Oasis Many migrants from Myanmar and Bangladesh who reached Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand last year still languish in refugee camps. PAGE 11 Limbo in Southeast Asia The remote and raging Nu is the last free-flowing river in China. The govern- ment, environmentalists and energy companies are engaged in a passionate debate about its future. PAGE 6 INTERNATIONAL 4-11 China’s Last Wild River The last and only time a Frenchman won a major golf tournament was in 1907. Grégory Bourdy has a chance at this year’s United States Open. PAGE 1 SPORTSSUNDAY Bucking a 109-Year Trend
Transcript of © 2016 The New York Times Many What-Ifs ‘Brexit’ Vote ... · PDF...
C M Y K Yxxx,2016-06-19,A,001,Bs-4C,E2
VOL. CLXV . . . No. 57,268 © 2016 The New York Times SUNDAY, JUNE 19, 2016
FALLUJA, Iraq — In the daysleading up to the storming of Fal-luja by Iraqi forces, Brig. Gen.Hadi Razaij, the leading Sunni po-lice commander in the campaign,sat on a cot in an abandoned housenear the front line. He describedthe resistance that lay ahead: adetermined force of hundreds ofjihadists that had months to pre-pare.
General Razaij’s presence onthe battlefield shows that localSunnis, and not just the Shiiteforces that now dominate Iraqipolitics, are fighting to liberatetheir own communities, and hashelped tamp down fears that thebattle for Falluja would heightensectarian tensions.
He was dispassionate as he de-scribed the challenges, but for himthe fight was personal, too. Gen-eral Razaij’s brother stands ac-cused of being a member of the Is-lamic State and is in a prison cellafter being arrested at a check-point with a car full of explosives.
In northern Iraq, Nofal Ham-madi, the governor-in-exile of Mo-
sul, is working with the UnitedStates to plan for that city’s libera-tion from the Islamic State. He,too, has family in the fight: Mr.Hammadi’s brother is an IslamicState official, having appeared in avideo pledging his allegiance tothe terror group and disowninghis brother.
Even as the central question ofIraq remains unanswered —whether the country’s Sunni mi-nority and Shiite majority canever peacefully coexist in a uni-fied state — the experiences ofGeneral Razaij, Mr. Hammadi andothers add a troubling corollary:It is not clear that Iraq’s dividedSunnis will ever be able to findpeace among themselves after aconflict that in many ways is play-ing out as a war within families.
After all, when Iraqi Sunnis talkabout fighting the Islamic State, itis not a discussion of someshadowy and unknowable force. Itis about sons and brothers,nephews and neighbors.
“Today we don’t necessarily
Iraqi Brother but ISIS Enemy:War Fractures Families and Sect
By TIM ARANGO and FALIH HASSAN
Continued on Page 10
ROME — Among the well-heeled bureaucrats of the Euro-pean Union, it is an article of faiththat the bloc always emergesstronger from a crisis. The idealis-tic founders who six decades agodreamed of stitching warring na-tions into a peaceful whole knewthe path would be bumpy. But al-ways, the union wobbled forward.
Now the dream of an integratedand ever-stronger Europe couldsink into the English Channel onThursday, when British voters de-cide whether to abandon the bloc.To the pro-Europe establishment,this latest crisis is considered apeculiarly British affair, in whichthe villains are opportunistic poli-ticians steering voters toward adelusional, self-inflicted mistake.
That may be. But if Britain doesleave, the European Union canalso blame its own handling of thecrises of the past decade — thetribulations of the euro, the debtstandoff with Greece and a flawedapproach to migration. Each time,the bloc rammed through ugly,short-term fixes that only in-flamed the angry nationalism nowspreading across the Continentand Britain.
The result was almost a decadeof ad hoc crisis management thateven many admirers agree hasleft the European Union badlywounded and its reputation badlydamaged. Idealism has given wayto disillusionment. The bloc’s elitetechnocrats are often perceivedas out of touch, while European in-stitutions are not fully equipped toaddress problems like unemploy-ment and economic stagnation.Political solidarity is dissolvinginto regional divisions of east andwest, north and south.
The economic implications of aBritish exit, the so-called Brexit,are potentially staggering, butmany experts agree that regard-less of how the British vote, poli-tics across Europe must change.The structure of the euro currency
zone is still considered fragile.The bloc’s German-dominatedeconomic policy has meant nearlya decade lost in much of debt-rid-den southern Europe, which isstill struggling to recover from itseconomic crisis.
“We cannot continue with thestatus quo,” said Enrico Letta, aformer Italian prime minister.“We have to move forward.”
Politics in Europe, as in theUnited States, have gotten uglyand mean. Far-right, anti-immi-gration parties are gainingstrength in Poland, Hungary, Aus-tria, France and Germany. Thatsame nasty tenor has infused theBritish campaign with hostilityand xenophobia toward immi-grants. The killing on Thursday ofJo Cox, a member of Parliamentwho had campaigned for remain-ing in the union, shocked all ofBritain.
“It is not very easy being Eng-lish at the moment,” said SimonTilford, deputy director of the Cen-ter for European Reform in Lon-don. “Grim stuff.”
Mr. Tilford falls into an interest-ing camp: He has long been an
‘Brexit’ Vote Reflects How
Diversity Adds to E.U. Pain
AThreat From Britain Is the Latest Hit to the
Credibility of the European Project
By JIM YARDLEY
A Union Jack fluttering besideEuropean Union flags at un-ion headquarters in Brussels.
FRANCOIS LENOIR/REUTERS
Continued on Page 8
The archivist stumbled acrossthe file in a stack of boxes on thesecond floor of the SchomburgCenter for Research in Black Cul-ture in Harlem. The yellowing let-ters inside dated back more thanhalf a century, chronicling thedreams and struggles of a youngman in Kenya.
He was ambitious and impetu-ous, a 22-year-old clerk who couldtype 75 words a minute and trans-late English into Swahili. But hehad no money for college. So hepounded away on a typewriter inNairobi, pleading for financial aidfrom universities and foundations
across the Atlantic.His letters would help change
the course of American history.“It has been my long cherished
ambition to further my studies inAmerica,” he wrote in 1958. Hisname was Barack HusseinObama, and his dispatches helpedunleash a stream of scholarshipmoney that carried him from Ken-ya to the United States. There, hefathered the child who would be-come the nation’s first black presi-dent, only to vanish from his son’s
Words From Obama’s Father,
Waiting to Be Read by His Son
By RACHEL L. SWARNS
Continued on Page 15
Barack Obama Sr. in 1959 as aUniversity of Hawaii student;an appeal for financial aid.
HONOLULU STAR-ADVERTISER
In an address after the Orlandomassacre punctuated with direwarnings of impending violence,Donald J. Trump said he would“suspend immigration from areasof the world when there is a prov-en history of terrorism” againstthe United States or its allies. Mr.Trump promised fixes to the im-migration system that would be“tough” and “smart” and “fast.”
It sounded much like his pro-vocative proposal to keep Mus-lims from entering the country,but those listening closely noticedan important change. By propos-ing to bar people from certain re-gions rather than religions, Mr.Trump had avoided the sticky is-sue of testing someone’s faith.
Mr. Trump’s plan, lawyers andlegal scholars agree, is one thatthe president has the power tocarry out.
But they said that putting it inplace would take an ambitious bu-reaucratic effort not likely tomove nearly as quickly as the can-didate envisions. And it wouldmake sweeping use of executiveauthority to enact the sharpest re-strictions on immigration since1965, when the United Statesabandoned longstanding quotasdesigned to exclude people frommuch of Asia and from southernand Eastern Europe.
“Executive authority over im-migration is very broad,” said BoCooper, a lawyer who served asgeneral counsel to the federal im-migration agency from 1999 to2003. But Mr. Trump’s proposal,he said, “goes far beyond what’sbeen done with that authority inthe past. The leap in scale is or-ders of magnitude.”
The presumptive Republicannominee did not name whichcountries would be covered by hisban, but they could include vastsections of the Middle East, north-ern and sub-Saharan Africa andAsia. Islamic terrorists have oper-ated in at least 17 nations in recentyears, and citizens of those coun-tries received more than 1.4 mil-lion visas to come to the UnitedStates in 2014, including greencards for immigrants settling herepermanently and temporary visasfor workers, students and visitors.
By Mr. Trump’s definition, a ban
Many What-IfsIn Trump Plan
For Migrants
Broad Ban Would Be
Slow and Complex
By JULIA PRESTON
Continued on Page 16
LIVES REMEMBERED, PROFILES, PAGE 19
A memorial outside Orlando Regional Medical Center for the 49 people killed when Omar Ma-teen, a 29-year-old American who pledged allegiance to the Islamic State, attacked a nightclub.
SCOTT MCINTYRE FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES
ORLANDO, Fla. — The brotherof the bride arrived late for her re-ception. But soon enough he wasmingling at the lakeside pavilionin West Palm Beach, where a di-verse gathering of guests dined onchicken tikka masala and goatbiryani while admiring the view ofthe Intracoastal Waterway just
beyond the floor-to-ceiling win-dows.
Then came the moment to joinin a traditional Afghan dancecalled the attan, in which dancersform a circle and are led through aseries of synchronized turns andmoves. If well executed, the attancan create an almost trancelikesense of oneness.
But here was the bride’s brother— stocky, bespectacled Omar Ma-teen — dancing in the group and
yet dancing apart. Clumsy, out ofsync, his head mostly down, theman dressed in black was follow-ing his own rhythm.
Four months after this celebra-tion of life in February, the awk-ward man in black caused whole-sale death. Chuckling and declar-ing allegiance to the Islamic State,he opened fire at a gay and Latinonightclub here, leaving 49 peopledead and wounding 53 others be-
From Troubled Child to Aggrieved KillerThis article is by Dan Barry, Serge
F. Kovaleski, Alan Blinder and Mu-jib Mashal.
Continued on Page 18
Can a former bond trader who grew upfollowing the N.F.L. persuade Ameri-cans to watch rugby?
THE MAGAZINE
The Ultimate Scrum
Maureen Dowd PAGE 11
SUNDAY REVIEW
U(DF47D3)W+$!,!_!#!]
Employment prospects have dimmedand debt has ballooned for law schoolgraduates. And now, with a collapse inapplications, the schools are respondingwith steep cuts in faculty. PAGE 1
SUNDAY BUSINESS
The Law School Bust
One of Wall Street’s most elite names,Goldman Sachs, has opened a bankaimed at ordinary Americans. Theminimum deposit is $1. PAGE 1
$10 Million Not Required
Almost half the benches in Central Parkare more than just places for a personto sit. The plaques attached to manyshare memories with the world. PAGE 24
NEW YORK 24-25
4,223 Seats, 4,223 Stories
Phoenix, which has often been the buttof jokes because of its desert sprawl, isrebuilding the downtown district and,possibly, its image. PAGE 14
NATIONAL 14-21
In the Desert, a Tech Oasis
Many migrants from Myanmar andBangladesh who reached Indonesia,Malaysia and Thailand last year stilllanguish in refugee camps. PAGE 11
Limbo in Southeast Asia
The remote and raging Nu is the lastfree-flowing river in China. The govern-ment, environmentalists and energycompanies are engaged in a passionatedebate about its future. PAGE 6
INTERNATIONAL 4-11
China’s Last Wild RiverThe last and only time a Frenchmanwon a major golf tournament was in1907. Grégory Bourdy has a chance atthis year’s United States Open. PAGE 1
SPORTSSUNDAY
Bucking a 109-Year Trend
