2016 Smart Grid R&D Program

Peer Review Meeting

Complete System-Level Efficient and

Interoperable Solution for Microgrid

Integrated Controls (CSEISMIC)

Michael Starke

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

August 2016

December 2008

Complete System-Level Efficient and Interoperable Solution for Microgrid Integrated Controls (CSEISMIC)

Objectives & Outcomes

Life-cycle Funding

Summary ($K)

Prior to

FY 16

FY16,

authorized

FY17,

requested

Out-year(s)

$600k $600k $600k $0k

Technical Scope

• Increase resiliency, reliability, and efficiency of

distribution systems through microgrid research.

• Develop an Open-Source Microgrid Platform with

advanced communications, optimization, and

control capabilities.

• Integrate CSEISMIC within an existing utility

system (through ADMS)

2

• Release documentation of first version of

microgrid controller

• Develop new communications architecture that

supports publish/subscribe type

communications to increase interoperability

and flexibility

• Develop new optimization approaches and

move to a single software platform for

CSEISMIC.

• Integrate new capabilities into CSEISMIC

December 2008

Problem Statement

3

– How can we seamlessly integrate conventional and renewable sources, energy storage, and central and distributed generation.

– How can we deliver resilient, reliable, flexible, secure, and sustainable electricity to consumers where they want it, when they want it, how they want it?

– How can we do it affordably?

Secure

Affordable Flexible

Sustainable

Balancing 6 attributes

Resilient Reliable

December 2008

Current State of the Art

• Resiliency improvements primarily focused on distribution automation.

4

• Distribution automation cannot protect the system during a transmission outage.

• Microgrid controllers are typically proprietary and still in development leveraging DERMS/DMS development of vendors.

• Automation seamlessly interrupts and isolates fault by device to device communication and coordination (example EPB)

December 2008

Previously Funded Microgrid Development

o CSEISMIC 1.0: Open source microgrid control solution including both real-time operation and control functions and the participation in the energy and ancillary market

o Basic Functions for Demonstration

• Energy Management

• User Interface and Data Management

• Intentional Islanding

• Island to Grid Transition

o Includes device controls such as generation and microgrid switch controls (PCC)

o Demonstrated functionality on both real-time digital simulation environment hardware-in-the-loop (RTDS-HIL) and on ORNL 480V Distributed Energy Communications and Controls (DECC) Microgrid.

5

• Unintentional islanding

• Frequency Control

• Voltage Control

• Blackstart

• Ancillary Services

December 2008

Approach to rapidly prototype different generations of microgrid systems.

Simulation

• Matlab/Multi-sim

• Initial Proof of Concept on Controls

Simulation-HIL

• Real Time Digital Simulation (Hardware in the loop)

• SI-GRID, (lev. LDRD)

Hardware - DECC

• Full Power System Testing Platform

• 480V Microgrid with actual sources.

Demo Site

• Full Prototype deployment

• Southern Company

• EPB

Methodology for Development (Platforms)

December 2008

High Voltage Microgrid: •Hardware: AgileStack Inverters

with NI sbRIO/cRIO

•Voltage: 480VAC/1000VDC

•Power: ~ 100 kW.

Previous Work: Real Hardware Testing

Hardware in the loop: •Hardware: RTDS with NI

sbRIO/cRIO

December 2008

Open Microgrid Research Platform – ……“Its’ more than a controller”

Components

Devices

Switch Relays Capacitors Battery Inductor Resistors PV Cell

Electric

Motor

Energy

Storage

System

Systems of Systems

PV Plant Wind Plant

Microgrid

PV

Panel

Power

Electronics

Converter

Combustion

Plant

Systems

Micro-

turbines

Battery

Packs

• Microgrids are Systems of

Systems

• We are utilizing COTS HW

and SW software to help

create

an open microgrid

reference

platform to accelerate

research in … • Control

• Optimization

• Standards development

• Cyber-physical security

December 2008

Initial Microgrid Platform: CSESIMIC 1.0

9

December 2008

Energy Storage Controller 1) Utilizes multiple states and control modes 2) Able to transition quickly from different control modes upon request 3) Supports unintentional islanding and resynchronization through

transition from P/Q to V/f and V/f to P/Q. 4) Can also transfer to droop if no communications are available

CSESIMIC Energy Storage/Generator Controller

December 2008

Microgrid Switch Controls 1) Utilizes several multiple states

to open and close quickly 2) All communications are only

with Microgrid Controller. 3) Supports unintentional

islanding and resynchronization.

Typical Switch 1) Utilizes only 3 states. 2) Simply opens and closes

for load shedding.

CSESIMIC Microgrid Switch and Relay Controllers

December 2008

Voltage/Frequency Control and Islanding CSEISMIC 1.0

December 2008

Resynchronization CSEISMIC 1.0

December 2008

Key Concerns/Themes

14

From discussions with industry partners:

• Anyway to make these systems more plug-and-play?

• Can the software requirements be reduced?

• Can device similarities be used to better classify and more quickly adapt devices to system?

• How can the system device count increase while maintaining flexibility?

• Can users control devices directly from an intuitive interface?

• How can the utility be interfaced to provide capabilities in island/resynchronize?

December 2008

SCADA

EMS

Market/DMSSolar Forcasting

Load Forcasting

Market Values for Services

Objectives/Etc

Solar Forecasting (kW)

Load Forecasting (kW)

Measured Data

IEC 61850

Server

Emergency

Notification

Visualization

Vizualization

Photovoltaic

Energy StorageMicroturbines

Text

(Optimization)

Email

Bidding into MarketMaster Controller

Other

Devices

EMS

Market/DMS

Cloud

publish

publish

publish

Serversubscribe

subscribe

ServerLoad Forcasting

Visualization

Vizualization

Server

subscribe

Solar Forcasting

Server

Emergency

Notification

EmailText

subscribe

Server

Photovoltaic

Energy Storage

Microturbines

subscribe

publish

subscribe

Server Server

publish

Microgrid Controls Lessons Learned

Challenges: • User definable fields inhibit interoperability (Modbus,

DNP3, polled communications) and rapid deployment • Lack of tools for development and deployment of IEC

61850. • Limited scalability & high cost of current proprietary

approaches; Data exchange between EMS and SCADA • A large number of variations on islanding approaches

for control. Often dependent on micro grid design. • Load control is only shed focused. Does not make use

of advances in IoT and DR related research.

Next Generation: • Utilizes a publish and subscribe communication

approach to ensure scalability and interoperability without a real need for SCADA (self-discovery.)

• Ecosystem for “apps” development to allow plug and play solutions.

• Demonstrates rapid deployment and implementation through linkages to planning tools.

• Optimization techniques to encompass larger systems and utilize emerging technologies such as IoT, machine learning, real-time HIL, and DR functions beyond load shedding.

CSEISMIC V1.0

CSEISMIC V2.0

December 2008

Distributed Communications and Control (DDS)

December 2008

Device Architecture (Microgrid Switch)

Slow (s) Fast(ms)

December 2008

Device Architecture (Generator/ES)

Slow (s) Fast(ms)

December 2008

Advanced Manufacturing and Integrated Systems (AMIE)

Secondary Use Energy Storage

System

Advanced 3D Printed Building

Advanced 3D Printed Vehicle Solar Rooftop

HVAC

Wireless charging/discharging

of vehicle

sub-metering

LDRD project to demonstrate ORNL capabilities

December 2008

Demonstration of Inoperability and Flexibility

20

• Communications across multiple device types and systems (Load, PV, ES, Metering)

• Demonstrated ability to interlink different communication protocols (Modbus/JSON) through software

• Demonstrated direct communication through hardware.

December 2008

Demonstration of Working Communications

21

December 2008

Partnerships Equipment Providers

Software

• National Instruments

• MathWorks

• RTI

• Enbala power Networks

• Green Energy

Utilities/Vendors

• Duke Energy

• EPB

• Dominion

• TVA

• SoCo

• General Electric

Others

• NIST

• MIT-LL

• SGIP

• CURENT

• UTC

• Amzur

• Hitachi

• National Instruments

• AgileSwitch

• Schneider Electric

• HP

• INTEL

• SEL

“I see the work you are leading as visionary and a chance to jumpstart many exciting possibilities using leading edge technologies in innovative ways. Pulling in world class technology suppliers is critical to the success of this transformation work as collaboration is key. Finally this application of technology has the potential to break through technical barriers and provide a "Real" Real time solution for the microgrid and beyond.”

-----National Instruments

December 2008

Optimization

23

• A MILP-based community microgrid scheduling model considering building thermal dynamics.

• The model directly integrates the detailed thermal dynamic characteristics of buildings into the optimization scheme and enables smart scheduling of HVAC systems.

• Numerical simulations on the modified ORNL DECC microgrid

• Moving all optimization from Matlab to LabVIEW.

December 2008

Reports/Publications

Unpublished Publications

• Starke, Michael; Xiao, Bailu; Liu, Guodong; Ollis, Ben; Irminger, Philip; King, Dan; Herron, Andrew; Xue,Yaosuo;

Architecture and Implementation of Microgrid Controller, IEEE Innovative Smart Grid Technologies, 2016. – accepted.

• G. Liu, M. Starke, and K. Tomsovic “Microgrid Optimal Scheduling With Chance-Constrained Islanding Capability," IEEE

Transactions on Smart Grid, under review.

• G. Liu, M. Starke, B. Xiao, X. Zhang and K. Tomsovic, “A New Distributed Optimization for Community Microgrids

Scheduling," submitted to the 50th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-50),Waikoloa, HI,

January 4-7, 2017

• G. Liu, M. Starke, B. Xiao, X. Zhang and K. Tomsovic, “Community Microgrid Scheduling Considering Building Thermal

Dynamics," submitted to 2016 North American Power Symposium (NAPS), Denver, Co, Sept. 18-20, 2016.

Journal Publications

• G. Liu, Y. Xu and K. Tomsovic, "Bidding Strategy for Microgrid in Day-ahead Market based on Hybrid Stochastic/Robust

Optimization," IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 7, No. 1, Jan. 2016, pp. 227 - 237.

Conference Publications

• G. Liu, M. Starke, X. Zhang and K. Tomsovic “A MILP-Based Distribution Optimal Power Flow Model for Microgrid

Operation," Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE PES General Meeting, Boston, MA, Jul. 17-21, 2016.

• G. Liu, B. Xiao, M. Starke, O. Ceylan and K. Tomsovic, “A Robust Load Shedding Strategy for Microgrid Islanding

Transition," Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE PES T&D Conference& Exposition, Dallas, TX, May. 2-5, 2016.

• G. Liu, O. Ceylan, M. Starke and K. Tomsovic, "Advanced Energy Storage Management in Distribution Network,"

Proceedings of the 49th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS-49), Kauai, HI, Jan. 5-8, 2016.

December 2008

FY17

• Examination of low cost communication interfaces (Raspberry Pi).

• Expand the device count in terms of testing (so far numbers have been in single digits…for optimization and integrated control testing).

• Multiple microgrid coordination (simulation and coordinated with EPB).

• Work with partners to commercialize various components of CSEISMIC.

25

December 2008

Contact Information

Michael Starke

R&D Staff

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

starkemr@ornl.gov

865-241-2573

December 2008

Include any back-up slides you would like to provide to the

peer reviewers and DOE program managers for additional

information. The back-up slides will not be shared with

others, unless specifically stated by the presenter.

Back-up Slides

27

December 2008

CSEISMIC 1.0 Supported Use Cases

• Energy Management

• Voltage Var Optimization Control of DERS

• Island/Resync/Blackstart

• Visualization/User Interface

• Power Purchase Agreement Functions

December 2008

Class Architecture: Simplification of Data Transfer

Overall Class Structure

ES Example Class Structure

IED

DER

Energy Storage

PV

Generator

Relay

Smart Relay

PCC

Meter

Smart Meter

PMU

Load

HVAC

IED - IED_Status - IED_setMicrogridID - DER

- DER_Status - DER_Measurement - DER_Info - DER_Control - DER_setGenerationMode - DER_SetPointP - DER_SetPointQ - DER_SetPointPF - DER_SetPointVF - DER_VF - ES

- ES_Measurement - ES_Info

December 2008

Voltage/Frequency Control and Islanding CSEISMIC 1.0

December 2008

Resynchronization CSEISMIC 1.0

December 2008

Distributed Communications and Controls Laboratory (DECC)

December 2008

Identical Controllers as RTDS

• National Instruments controller

hardware is identical to that

utilized on RTDS.

December 2008

Test Case

December 2008

DECC Results Islanding

Microgrid Source Contoller

Microgrid Switch Contoller

Microgrid Frequency

December 2008

DECC Results Resynchronization

Microgrid Source Contoller

Microgrid Switch Contoller

Microgrid Frequency

December 2008

Snapshot of User Windows for ES/Switch (DDS Islanding and Resynchronization on RTDS)

Master Controller Stub

ES Device Microgrid Switch Device

December 2008

Graphical results of islanding/ resynchronization

0.29481 0.30598 0.31715 0.32832 0.33948 0.35065 0.36182

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

kA

IgridA IgridB IgridC ES2IA ES2IB ES2IC

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

kV

S1) N7 S1) N8 S1) N9 S1) N10 S1) N11 S1) N12

0.29481 0.30598 0.31715 0.32832 0.33948 0.35065 0.36182

-0.1

-0.05

0

0.05

0.1

kA

IgridA IgridB IgridC ES2IA ES2IB ES2IC

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

kV

S1) N7 S1) N8 S1) N9 S1) N10 S1) N11 S1) N12

Islanding • Device code deployed to National

Instruments CRIOs for demonstration testing.

• Demonstrated DDS islanding with RTDS.

Resynchronization • Device code deployed to National

Instruments CRIOs for demonstration testing.

• Demonstrated DDS resync with RTDS.

• Initial concerns related to possible overhead communications

through DDS unfounded.