2016 11 28 Rey Ty, Eco-Justice: Sustainable Development and Food Security
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Transcript of 2016 11 28 Rey Ty, Eco-Justice: Sustainable Development and Food Security
International Political EconomyFrom Unsustainable to Sustainable Development & Food Security:
An Overview of Problems & Solutions
Dr. Rey Ty郑文华博士
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 2
OutlineIntroductionI. ProblemsII. SolutionsConclusion
Problem StatementContradictions
Food crisis
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 3
Problem StatementContradictions
Not because we don’t have enough food
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 4
Problem StatementContradictions
Problem is not lack of food
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 5
Problem StatementContradictions
There is so much food
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 6
Problem StatementContradictions
But millions are hungry & thirsty
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 7
Problem StatementContradictions
Problem is control of food
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 8
Problem StatementContradictions
Problem of access
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 9
Problem StatementContradictions
Problem of distribution
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 10
Problem StatementContradictions
Your partly eaten food has a dirty little secret
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 11
Problem StatementContradictions
40% of food is thrown away (Light, 2015). 05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 12
Problem StatementContradictions
1 billion people live under US$1 a day (GBCS-UMC, 2016b).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 13
Problem StatementContradictionsDue to hunger, 11 children below 5 years old die every minute (GBCS-UMC, 2016b).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 14
Problem StatementContradictions
800,000 suffer from hunger (GBCS-UMC, 2016b).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 15
Problem StatementContradictions
1 billion don’t have clean water (GBCS-UMC, 2016b).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 16
Problem StatementContradictions
2.6 billion lack adequate sanitation (GBCS-UMC, 2016b).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 17
Problem StatementContradictions
Monopolies control food supply
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 18
Problem StatementContradictionsProfit vs. health, farmers, safety, & Nature (Kenner, 2010)
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 19
Problem StatementContradictions
We live in 2 worlds
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 20
Problem StatementContradictions
Utopia of the Haves
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 21
Problem StatementContradictions
Dystopia of the Have-Nots
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 22
Problem StatementContradictions
Gross inequality
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 23
Problem StatementContradictionsDominant paradigm: conquest, destruction, greed, & profit (Chomsky, 20011)05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 24
Problem StatementContradictions“the 1% promote competition, greed, capital accumulation, profit, war, and genocide” (Chomsky, 2002).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 25
Problem StatementContradictions We have to deal with poverty, hunger, thirst, genocide, wage slavery, destruction of Nature, racism, and human inequality (Chomsky, 2002). 05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 26
Problem StatementContradictionsMarket forces (Stiglitz 2013) & capital accumulation (Piketty 2015) cause inequality
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 27
Problem StatementContradictions
Negative impact on democracy & social justice (Stiglitz 2013)05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 28
Problem StatementContradictions62 persons own the same wealth as 3.6 billion poorest people (Oxfam 2016)
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 29
Problem StatementContradictionsEconomic inequality is not accidental but a feature of capitalism (Piketty 2014)
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 30
QuestionsContradictions
1. What are the major problems?
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 31
QuestionsContradictions
2. What are alternative solutions?
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 32
ObjectivesContradictions
1. Look at major problems
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 33
QuestionsContradictions
2. Propose solutions
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 34
MethodContradictions
Hegelian dialectics
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 35
Definition of TermsEco-Justice• Caring
simultaneously for Nature as well as the poor and the oppressed
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 36
Definition of TermsSustainable Development• Development that
meets present human needs and ensures that the future generation will enjoy Nature and its wealth (Brundtland Report, 1987)
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 37
Definition of TermsRight to Food• Food not only as a basic need but a
basic human right “underpinned by law” (Marshall, 2016). The government has the duty “to work to provide mechanisms to secure food where it is needed” and “the government could be held legally responsible if its efforts to guarantee food is available to all citizens fail” (Marshall, 2016)
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 38
Definition of TermsFood Security• The condition where all
humans are assured to have the physical, social, and economic access to safe and nutritious food which meet our dietary needs and food choices for an active and healthy life (UNCWFS, 1996)
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 39
Definition of TermsFood Sovereignty• “the right of peoples to
healthy and culturally appropriate food produced through ecologically sound and sustainable methods, and their right to define their own food and agriculture systems. “ (Via Campesina, 1999)05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 40
Definition of TermsGenetically Modified Organisms
• “organisms (i.e. plants, animals or microorganisms) in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in a way that does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination. The technology is often called “modern biotechnology” or “gene technology”, sometimes also “recombinant DNA technology” or “genetic engineering”. It allows selected individual genes to be transferred from one organism into another, also between nonrelated species. Foods produced from or using GM organisms are often referred to as GM foods” (WHO, 2016).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 41
© 2012 Rey Ty
Human Beings
Contradictions & Dialectical Historical Development in Time & Space
Necessity, Oppressive Consciousness & Structure
Economy
Polit
icsCulture
Ideo
logy
Freedom, Liberating Consciousness & Agency
Class
Gender
Colo
rAbilities
Soci
ety N
aturePhilo
Ethics
Difference
Uniq
uene
ss
Age
Psych
12
3
Ethnicity
Centrifugal Forces
Centripetal Forces
© 2010 Rey Ty
Past Future
Present
Theory of
Change
Findings05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 43
Problems• Mono-hegemonic
neoclassical neoliberal economic model (Klein, 2007)
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 44
Problems• Paradise Lost:
Problems with the Unsustainability of the Neoliberal Globalization Structure
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 45
Problems
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 46
• Modern industrialization is based on exhausting & converting non-renewable fossil fuels into smoke & ash
Problems• Dominant neoliberal market
fundamentalist economics• promotes growth and
consumption• focused on private property and
money, • hostile to and debases both
Nature and people in society (Klein, 2014).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 47
Problems• Giant corporations gain for
themselves corporate welfare from government tax exemptions, smashing competition and making “free market” a hoax (The Economist, 2016 September 17).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 48
Problems• The old economy relies
on fossil fuels including petroleum, natural gas, and coal causes climate disruption (Brown, 2015) and exploit the labor of others.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 49
Problems• The current dominant
system has provided so much scientific development and technological innovations.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 50
Problems• There is a contradiction,
as technology leads to efficiency on the one hand and to unemployment and crisis on the other hand.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 51
Problems• . The political economy
of the economic growth in the Global North depends upon the exploitation of cheap labor and natural resources from somewhere else. 05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 52
Problems• About 80% of all resources
are used by the 20% of the world’s population in the U.S. and Western Europe, many of whose products are made by the labor in the Global South.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 53
Problems• In a throwaway societal
structure, Nature is destroyed in order to feed the production of continually obsolescent commodities for distribution, sale, use, and dumping.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 54
Problems• Thanks to the aid and power of
advertising and marketing, the endless purchase and consumption of planned obsolescent products are forced down the throat of consumers who themselves are the producers of goods and services.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 55
Problems• But as we live on
Earth, there is no such thing as infinite growth, as matter is finite.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 56
Problems• Exchanging labor value,
we use labor as blue, pink, or white collar workers to earn money to buy commodities produced by the labor of others but owned by a few. 05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 57
Problems• Think of your over-
packaged food, drinks, cellphone, gadgets, and other commodities at the malls and supermarkets.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 58
Problems• Nature, labor, as well as the
lands of farmers and indigenous peoples are destroyed and exploited in order to mine and extract critical metals and mineral, every time we buy the latest model of a brand-name gadget.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 59
Problems• Clearly, there is a
deep connection between the destruction of Nature and socio-economic injustice.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 60
Problems• Corporate biopiracy of
indigenous plants through patenting plant products threatens ancestral products (Mora, 2016; Shiva, 2011).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 61
Problems• Greedy corporatocrats promote
the use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers as well as seek to control potable water as well as food through genetically modified organisms (GMOs), which leads to “gene-ocide” (The Economist, 2016 September 17, p. 12).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 62
Problems• The “merchants of doubt”
(Oreskes & Conway, 2011) have manufactured consent (Herman & Chomsky, 2002) on cigarette smoking, junk food, and climate change denial.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 63
Problems• Our food supply is
threatened by the control of a few powerful monopolies that control the production of GMO seeds and distribution of food commodities.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 64
Problems• Some biotechnology
giants have been engaged in aggressive lobbying in an effort to expand their profits to the detriment of Nature and human rights (Telesur, 2016).05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 65
Problems• Everything, including
water, is turned into private property. Today, bottled water use exceeds that of tap water (Ringholm, 2016).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 66
Problems• Shouldn’t access to
water and food be basic human rights as they are fundamental to sustain life?
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 67
Problems•Without potable water, we die.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 68
Problems•Without food for about 40 days, we die.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 69
Problems• The rich can buy
bottled water, fresh produce, fancy food, and packaged food, wasting most of it.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 70
Problems• But the poor and
the minoritized groups always suffer the most.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 71
Problems•Where is eco-justice?
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 72
Problems• Consumers are
made to believe that bottled water is special.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 73
Problems• In fact, unless
otherwise stated, most bottled water is municipal tap water.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 74
Problems• Corporatocrats
promote industrialized junk food and fast food (Pollan, 2009).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 75
Problems• The promoters of the
neoliberal market economic model rely on economic disasters to promote and implement this model (Klein, 2003).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 76
Problems• The neoliberal
global order prioritizes profit over people and Nature (Chomsky, 2011).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 77
Problems• The dominant economic,
political, and cultural structures imposed on the rest of the world are unsustainable, as they rely on the continuing exploitation of others.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 78
Problems• The contradictions in
the dominant economic model are unsustainable and have reached the level of a general crisis.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 79
Problems• “If we only produce
marketers, advertisers, and service workers, but not farmers, who will produce our food (Eckart, 2016)?”
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 80
http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/good-health/if-there-are-no-new-farmers-who-will-grow-our-food-20160201
Solutions05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 81
Solutions•Reconstructing Paradise
for Eco-Justice & Food Security
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 82
Solutions• Engage in an economic
revolution that promotes a more caring, sharing, democratic, collaborative, and people-centered economy (Alperovitz, 2013).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 83
Solutions• inclusive and participatory economy
alternative to the neoliberal global economic model:
• women-and-widows participation, shared research, worker ownership and control, building the eco-system for economic democracy, the “buy local” movement, participatory governance, and growth taming.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 84
Solutions• .Instead of being victims of brand
names and buying the latest models of gadgets which only lead to the intensification of mining, depletion of ores, and destruction of Nature as well as indigenous and farm lands, we should support the No Logo movement (Klein, 2012) and becoming prosumers (producers-consumers, Toffler, 1980).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 85
Solutions•From Corporate Coup d’État to
Grassroots Democracy and Sustainable Development
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 86
Solutions• Almost all things we
use are the products of the labor of others but claimed by owners of capital.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 87
Solutions• Corporatocrats
mainly think of saleability and profit, not use.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 88
Solutions• Decommodify: we must
think beyond growth (Daly, 1997), which is a flawed and unsustainable model and must work for sustainable development (Sachs, 2015).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 89
Solutions• More than social welfare, many
today are demanding the protection of Nature, green jobs, living wages and universal basic income, which will alleviate the suffering of the majority of the people and provide a decent basic standard of living to all (Chomsky, 2015).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 90
Solutions•In a word: that is eco-justice.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 91
Solutions• Instead of following the
logic of competition, we can join liberatory collective and solidarity movements as well as work for social benefit instead of private greed, sharing and caring for others, other beings, and Nature (Leclerq, 2016). 05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 92
Solutions• We need to create counter-
realities and counter-narratives (Chomsky, 2015) which balance human needs and our sense of success and material abundance based on the carrying capacity of the Earth.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 93
Solutions• Question things-as-they-are. • Enter into a dialogue. • Critique. • Expose and oppose oppressive
structures of domination. • Learn from each other. • Make some noise. • But talk is not enough.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 94
Solutions• Organizing and attending
fora and conference are not sufficient.
• We need to take action for social change that promotes eco-justice.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 95
Solutions• Be where the action is.
Be where the struggling people are. Organize. Empower the people. Be in solidarity. Build coalitions and alliances.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 96
Solutions• Deconstruct language and
structures and construct new ones.
• Engage in policy change. • Engage in extra-legal direct
actions and civil disobedience.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 97
Solutions• Challenge, propose, work on, give
life, and live alternative structures, new lifestyles, and new ways of being, doing, and thinking that promote cooperation, empathy justice, coexistence, reciprocity, mutuality, and good relationships as species on Earth.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 98
Solutions• In the tension
between efficiency and fairness, we need to side with justice (Piketty, 2015).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 99
Solutions• The economic and
social inequality between the rich and the poor is extreme.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 100
Solutions• Instead of
focusing on growth, we need to emphasize justice.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 101
Solutions• Per capita consumption
especially in the Global North is unsustainable in relation to the extraction of ores from Nature.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 102
Solutions• Hence, we need look
beyond economic growth and to take part in the degrowth movement (Daly, 1997).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 103
Solutions• We need to expose the
flaws of and free ourselves from the dominant economic model as well as propose and create alternative models.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 104
Solutions• Antithetical to the dominant
exploitative model which promotes classism and discrimination, we can turn around technology & engineering systems—under alternative sustainable systems—through such means as digitalization, creative commons, peer-to-peer designs, open sources, and 3D printing as some ways by which we can share our knowledge and empower the people over corporations.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 105
Solutions•Reclaim the streets and public spaces.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 106
Solutions• Engage in media
jamming and guerrilla communication.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 107
Solutions• Be involved in atomized
spaces of resistance such as the Occupy movement (Chomsky, 2012) as well as broad-based mass movements.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 108
Solutions• We need to join the grassroots
movement to protect Nature (Brodine, 2007) and work for the common good, redirecting society toward people, community, and Nature to construct a sustainable future (Daly, 1994).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 109
Solutions•From Corporate Welfare
to People’s Welfare & Food Security
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 110
Solutions• Given the current economic
crisis, is labor for income the proper model forward? How can we attain a world without poverty, war, destruction of Nature, hunger, and thirst?
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 111
Solutions• We can work on
the individual level for social change.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 112
Solutions• We can work on
the community level e for social change.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 113
Solutions•We can work on the country level for social change.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 114
Solutions• We can work on
the inter-country level for social change.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 115
Solutions•We can work on the global scale for social change.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 116
Solutions• There are many ways by
which we can free ourselves from corporatocratic food control.
• Starve the market beast.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 117
Solutions• Learn from the indigenous
peoples: (1) farm like a forest (biodiversity, intercropping, and agroforestry),
• (2) eat low on the food chain, • (3) restore health to damaged
land, and • (4) cultivate reverence for the
planet (Penniman, 2015). 05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 118
SolutionsNew Findings Plants Feel Pain
1. Carnivore: Paleolithic Diet2. Omnivore3. Pescatarian4. Herbivore
1. Vegetarian2. Lacto-Ovo Vegetarian3. Vegan4. Fruitarian!
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 119
Solutions• Put back our organic
matter back into the soil in order to nourish it and make it productive agriculturally.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 120
Solutions•We need more young people to farm.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 121
Solutions•Occupy the farm!
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 122
Solutions•Go natural. •Go organic.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 123
Solutions• Support local food
system. “Going vegetarian can cut your food carbon footprint in half” (Plumer, 2016).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 124
Solutions• Eat lower on the food chain:
“Gallons of water needed to produce one pound of wheat: 25. Gallons of water needed to produce one pound of beef: 2500” (GBCS-UMC, 2016b).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 125
Solutions• Boycotting GMO products is
not “revolutionary,” as it is allowed by the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety according to which countries can “refuse entry to a GM crop” (The Economist, 2016 September 17, p. 14).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 126
Solutions• Individual efforts are necessary but not sufficient.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 127
Solutions•Partner with farmers.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 128
Solutions• Provide local
solutions to local problems, while at the same time promoting a just world order.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 129
Solutions• Join the
collective efforts to ensure food security.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 130
Solutions• In many parts of the
world, people are already engaged in agropolis, both rural and urban food gardening, using public and private spaces that serves the common good. 05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 131
Solutions• Engage in community
agriculture and plant food crops to consume, share, or sell in urban, suburban, exurban, and rural areas.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 132
Solutions• City dwellers plant
food on their window sills, rooftops, and the fire exits.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 133
Solutions• Urbanites,
suburbanites, and exurbanites use raised box agriculture.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 134
Solutions• Where space is
available, many engage in backyard agriculture.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 135
Solutions• Where space is
limited, people engage in home-made hydroponics, aqua culture and vertical agriculture.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 136
Solutions• Where space is
limited, people engage in home-made vertical agriculture.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 137
Solutions• “Guerrilla grafters”
secretly splicing fruit-bearing branches on city-owned ornamental trees lining the streets.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 138
Solutions•Grow food, not lawns!
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 139
Solutions• Avoid fastfood like
a plague and support the local slow food movement.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 140
Solutions• Share and barter
goods and services to meet human needs and pull away from the market economy.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 141
Solutions• We must work
towards the localization of food production, distribution, sharing, sale, and consumption.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 142
Solutions• Reject the
hegemonic control of corporatocrats.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 143
Solutions
•Reject greed
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 144
Solutions•Promote the caring for people and for Nature.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 145
Solutions•Engage in fair trade, not free trade.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 146
Solutions•Feed the world without destroying the Earth.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 147
Solutions05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 148
Not Charity
•But Justice
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 149
SolutionsLearn from the Indigenous Peoples
1. Farm like a forest (intercropping & agroforestry)
2. Eat low on the food chain3. Restore health to damaged
land4. Cultivate reverence for the
planet
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 150
http://www.yesmagazine.org/planet/four-ways-mexico-indigenous-farmers-agriculture-of-the-future-20150810
Solutions•Guerrilla grafters
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 151
Solutions•Urban gardening
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 152
Solutions•Urban gardening
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 153
Solutions•Suburban gardening
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 154
Solutions•Rooftop gardening
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 155
Solutions•Rooftop gardening
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 156
Solutions•Community gardening
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 157
Solutions•Suburban community gardening
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 158
Solutions•Occupy the Farm
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 159
http://www.yesmagazine.org/issues/the-gig-economy/we-need-young-farmers-and-colleges-can-help-20161007
Solutions•We need young farmers
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 160
Solutions•Campus farming
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 161
Conclusion
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 162
ConclusionProblem Restatement• Technological
improvements should free up human labor from drudgery and alienation.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 163
ConclusionProblem Restatement• But we live in a world in which
war, disease, famine, and daily exposure to toxic chemicals are a way of life, thanks to the neoliberal globalization economic model, as pushed forward by the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 164
ConclusionProblem Restatement• Instead of solving the
problem of scarcity of which it is capable, technological efficiency leads to mass unemployment and estrangement.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 165
ConclusionProblem Restatement• Governments and
corporations collide to promote more growth and more jobs, which are not forthcoming.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 166
ConclusionProblem Restatement
•The dominant way of life is unstable and unsustainable.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 167
ConclusionProblem Restatement• Food was a direct
cause of the French Revolution and the Arab Spring.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 168
ConclusionSummary• This paper presents a
critique of the dominant unsustainable economic model and recommends an alternative sustainable development model that provides food security.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 169
ConclusionSummary
• The two contending and incompatible models
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 170
ConclusionSummary• Model 1: one is based on
the market forces which favor production, local commerce, international trade, money, profit, and the exploitation of labor and Nature
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 171
ConclusionSummary
•Model 2: the betterment of Nature and society
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 172
ConclusionSummary• At the core of the market
economy is a financial system that increases capital without producing goods that benefit society or Nature.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 173
ConclusionSummary
• The dominant economic model damages Nature and society.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 174
ConclusionSummary• The alternative economy
is one that promotes the betterment of everyone without being detrimental to Nature.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 175
ConclusionImplications• We need to act to ensure
food security not only on an individual but also community, country, inter-country, and global levels.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 176
ConclusionImplications• Lobby for regulation
and proactive policies that ensure access to and distribution of food for all.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 177
ConclusionImplications• Move away from the
neoliberal economic growth model
• promotes the well-being of the people and Nature.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 178
ConclusionImplications• “Take action for justice… Learn
about hunger and poverty in your area… Speak truth to power! Tell [your governments] to put those living on the economic margins at the center of our vision of a new just economy” (GBCS-UMC, 2016b).
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 179
ConclusionImplications
•Surely, social change is not a tea party.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 180
ConclusionImplications
•Think big, but take small steps.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 181
ConclusionImplications
• Do good but have some fun too along the way, if you can.
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 182
Thank You!
05/03/2023 Dr. Rey Ty 183
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05/03/2023 184Rey Ty