· 2016-01-26 · Samarkand and co-operatedclosely with Francesco Siravo andAmir Pasic, who...
Transcript of · 2016-01-26 · Samarkand and co-operatedclosely with Francesco Siravo andAmir Pasic, who...
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INTRODUCTION By Stefano Bianca, Director, Historic Cities Support Programme
4
amarkand, ofall the historic cities in the world, has always had a very special appeal due to
the city spivotal position along the fabled Silk Route, an early and major crossroads between
East and West. Merchants, monks and diplomatic envoys from the courts of Europe visited
the Central Asian empires from the thirteenth century, and left fascinating accounts ofmeetings
between two accomplished but very different peer civilisations. Over the centuries, Samarkand
has been able to conserve the heritage from its Timurid heyday, a period which has gained new significance
in the context of the recent resurgence of Uzbekistan s national identity. The re-shaping of this identity is
coupled with its opening up to the world at large, facilitated by easier communications and matched by a
rising interest in Uzbekistan scurrent development on the part offoreign countries, institutions and individuals.
On the premise ofsuch renewed cultural exchange, the Aga Khan Trust For Culture, based on an understanding
between His Excellency Mr. Islam Karimov, the President of Uzbekistan, and His Highness the Aga Khan,
started a number ofinitiatives in Samarkand in close co-operation with national and local authorities. The
first product ofthis involvement was the 1991 international idea competition for re-structuring the historic
city centre between the Registan and Timur s citadel, followed in 1992 by the prize-giving ceremony ofthe
Aga Khan Award for Architecture in the Registan . Two years later, the Trust s Historic Cities Support
Programme joined the Municipality ofSamarkand in a long-term co-operative effort to review and update
the 1980 masterplan vis avis the historic city, and prepare more detailed rehabilitation proposals for certain
key areas in the old centre.
The intention ofthis initiative, carried out with the help oftwo international consultants, is to set up a deep
rooted co-operative institutional structure, involving the technical offices of the Municipality and key staff
within the State Institute for Planning and the State Institute for Restoration, drawing on the resources ofthe
Samarkand School ofArchitecture, and providing new opportunitiesforyoung Uzbek architects and planners.
The first results of this joint working process, which will be deepened and expanded in the coming years,
are presented in this brochure, produced upon the occasion of Timur s Jubilee in October 1996. Whereas
the Trust s long-term objectives in Samarkand go beyond the time limits set by the Jubilee, the team used
the period defined by this deadline to prepare a number ofdetailed planning proposals for the Gur-i Emir
area. The implementation ofsuch complex projects will, however, require a more generous time frame.
Therefore, the Trust looks at the Jubilee as a starting pointfor a whole series offuture rehabilitation projects
to be carried out by the Samarkand authorities in co-operation with the Trust, through the proposed new
"Centre for the Revitalisation ofthe Historic City ofSamarkand. " Notwithstanding the support ofexternal
donors, who will certainly need to be mobilised for special projects, the implementation process must rely
as much as possible on local resources and capabilities.
It is perhaps appropriate to introduce this report with afew remarks about the general philosophy underlying
the collective approach employed by the working group. In essence, historic Samarkand s attraction stems
from the subtle interaction between three contrasting yet complementary factors: the grand scale and
splendour ofthe city smonuments, the intimate qualities ofthe closely knit residential fabric as defined by
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its traditional low courtyard houses, and the beauty ofthe irrigated gardens which complement and occasionally
penetrate the urban tissue. Each one ofthese three elements has to be balanced with the others in order to
preserve the harmony ofSam arkand surbanfabric as a whole.lfindividual monuments are exhibited at the
expense ofthe surrounding urban fabric, their isolation can be detrimental to the unique character of the
historic nucleus without really adding to the appreciation ofthe monuments themselves. It may also blur the
necessary distinction between historic and modern parts of the city - especially when combined with the
introduction ofmajor axes of vehicular traffic. Similarly, the creation of large gardens inside the urban
fabric, unless incorporated in an appropriate architectural framework, may destroy the experience of the
historic city, while being of limited benefit to the actual users. In preparing the concepts and proposals
described in this report, the team made an attempt to re-establish the balance between these three interrelated
elements, and follow up-to-date international principles ofurban conservation.
The work ofour joint team ofprofessionals would not have been possible without the support ofthe Uzbek
authorities. Our gratitude goes to His Excellency Mr. Ismail Jurebekov, First Deputy Prime Minister and
Chairman ofthe Timur Jubilee Committee, to His Excellency Mr. Alisher Mardiyev, the Province Hokim of
Samarkand, and to His Excellency Mr. Aziz Nasirov, the City Hokim ofSam arkand who has supported this
project from its very beginning.
Important encouragement to the team was also provided by Mr. Botir Usmanov, Chiefofthe National Board
ofMonuments, Professor Rustam Holmuradov, Rector ofthe Samarkand State Institute for Architecture and
Construction, Professor Muhammad Ahmedov, Dean ofthe Faculty ofArchitecture, and Professor Nematjon
Sadikov whose links with the Trust go back to 1989. In addition, the Uzbek Union ofArchitects under its
president, Firouz Ashrafi, has supported the project team in its tasks and was ofgreat help to the Trust in
setting up the Samarkand project.
Finally, I would like to thank all the Uzbek and expatriate professionals who have carried out the work
contained in this report. In particular, I would like to acknowledge the generous contribution provided by
Professor Galina Pugachenkova to the historical analysis of the project area. Further, Mr. Alexander
Alexandrovich ofthe State Planning Institute in Tashkent contributed his great experience and knowledge of
Samarkand and co-operated closely with Francesco Siravo and Amir Pasic, who brought their expertise
gained in the historic cities ofItaly and the Award-winning Mostar project in theformer Yugoslavia. lzhar
Hunzai outlined the community and economic development opportunities ofthe Gur-i Emir project, and Dr.
Mona Serageldin assisted the group in defining the structure and function ofthefuture "Centrefor Revitalisaiion. "
Special mention is due to the three young Uzbek architects, Farhod Bagirov. Shavqat Kurbanov, Ulugbek
Tojiboyev, who. as part ofa larger group ofstudents, prepared the surveys and architectural projects for
the Gur-i Emir pilot area, with assistance from Hugh Patterson and under the guidance ofDr. Amir Pasic
and their former teachers, Professors M. Ahmedov and N. Sadikov. The co-operation of the students from
the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture on the initial surveys, under the leadership of Professor
Attilio Petruccioli, is also gratefully acknowledged.
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