2015_04_16 Noise and Vibration DSA of Electrical Machines
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Transcript of 2015_04_16 Noise and Vibration DSA of Electrical Machines
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EOMYS ENGINEERING 2014-2015
EOMYS ENGINEERINGEOMYS ENGINEERINGEOMYS ENGINEERINGEOMYS ENGINEERING
Noise Noise Noise Noise and vibration Dynamic Signal Analysis on electrical machinesand vibration Dynamic Signal Analysis on electrical machinesand vibration Dynamic Signal Analysis on electrical machinesand vibration Dynamic Signal Analysis on electrical machines
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15/04/2015
LE BESNERAIS Jean
SOURON Quentin
www.eomys.comwww.eomys.comwww.eomys.comwww.eomys.com
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EOMYS ENGINEERING 2014-2015(C) EOMYS ENGINEERING 2013-2014 2
A. EOMYS ENGINEERING
B. Why Dewesoft ?
C. Magnetic acoustic noise and vibrations in electrical machines
D. Measurement set-up
E. Acquisition software set-up
F. Post-processings
G. Conclusion
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A. EOMYS ENGINEERINGA. EOMYS ENGINEERINGA. EOMYS ENGINEERINGA. EOMYS ENGINEERING
*"Jeune Entreprise Innovante": the French government recognises that EOMYS runs significant R&D activities
Young Innovative Company* Young Innovative Company* Young Innovative Company* Young Innovative Company* created in may 2013
Located in Lille, North of France
Activities : engineering consultancyengineering consultancyengineering consultancyengineering consultancy & applied research & applied research & applied research & applied research specialized in electrical engineering
Sectors : transportation (railway, automotive, marine, aeronautics), energy (wind, hydro), industry
OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview
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EOMYS ENGINEERING 2014-2015 4
Analyze and solve your multi-physics technical issues multiphysics experiments (investigation, pre-certification) and simulations advanced post-processings of experimental and simulation data
sensitivity studies, technical state of the art
proposal of technical solutions and validation by tests or simulation
Improve your design process performance development, validation and integration of high performance models
development of user-specific design interfaces
formalization of design rules delivery of high-level technical trainings
Optimize your products and processes coupling with multiobjective constrained optimization methods
automation of the design process optimization of the virtual prototyping chain
Innovate technical state of the art, ideation, concept ranking and validation research consortium / co-development projects
licence granting
ServicesServicesServicesServices
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fast electromagnetic and vibro-acoustic simulation of electrical machines (Matlab-based)
use of analytical, semi analytical and numerical models to reach the best compromise accuracy / speed
automated coupling with FEMM (electromagnetic) and GetDP (mechanics) modeling of all space and time harmonics
fault simulation (e.g. eccentricity, broken bar, demagnetization)
more than 100 post processing graphs
EOMYS ENGINEERING 121, rue de Chanzy 59260 Lille-Hellemmes FRANCE
see more at www.eomys.com
MANATEE softwareMANATEE softwareMANATEE softwareMANATEE software
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EOMYS ENGINEERING 2014-2015
Optimal design of innovative systems permanent magnet synchronous wind generators, traction induction machines transformers and inductors
Scientific software development use of open sources (FEMM, GetDP, OpenFoam, Octave) & commercial software (Flux, Opera, Ansys, Matlab)
advanced optimization methods (multiobjective constrained genetic algorithms, space-mapping)
development and distribution of MANATEE software
Analytical, semi-analytical and numerical modelling CFD simulation coupled to thermal nodal networks, hydraulic networks
electromagnetic subdomain models, reluctance network models
structural beam element models
Experimental characterization noise and vibration measurements
thermal and electrical measurements
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ExperienceExperienceExperienceExperience
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EOMYS ENGINEERING 2014-2015EOMYS ENGINEERING 121, rue de Chanzy 59260 Lille-Hellemmes FRANCE
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Reduction of noise & vibration in electrotechnical systems active and passive techniques in rotating electrical machines and passive components 3D electro-vibro-acoustic simulation of rotating machines (asymmetries, skewing)
modeling of magnetic forces in rotating machines magnetostriction and Maxwell force simulation (GetDP) development of hybrid simulation methods (FEM / semi-analytic)
Experimental vibroacoustic characterization advanced post processings new measuring methods of structural modes and operational deflection shapes
InternalInternalInternalInternal R&D programmeR&D programmeR&D programmeR&D programme
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B. WHY DEWESOFT ?B. WHY DEWESOFT ?B. WHY DEWESOFT ?B. WHY DEWESOFT ?
A multiphysic acquisition software suitable for multiphysics consulting activities of EOMYS (electrical engineering, thermics, vibro-acoustics, etc.)
A flexible software suitable for both investigation tests and pre-certification tests
An acquisition system suitable for both low frequency (ex: temperature) and high frequency (ex: noise)
A light-weight acquisition module suitable for field measurements
A cost-competitive solution
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C. C. C. C. MAGNETIC MAGNETIC MAGNETIC MAGNETIC NOISE AND VIBRATIONS IN ELECTRICAL MACHINESNOISE AND VIBRATIONS IN ELECTRICAL MACHINESNOISE AND VIBRATIONS IN ELECTRICAL MACHINESNOISE AND VIBRATIONS IN ELECTRICAL MACHINES
What do we call electromagnetic acoustic noise or electrical noise ?What do we call electromagnetic acoustic noise or electrical noise ?What do we call electromagnetic acoustic noise or electrical noise ?What do we call electromagnetic acoustic noise or electrical noise ?
DefinitionDefinitionDefinitionDefinition
Magnetic noise and vibrations is defined as noise and vibrations due to magnetic forces
Magnetic forces can be defined as forces arising from the presence of a magnetic field
-> magnetic noise stops when an induction machine is current-free
Two magnetic forces exist in electrical machines: magnetostriction & Maxwell forces
Sinusoidally-fed squirrel cage induction machine during run-up ( slotting noise )
Non-sinusoidally-fed squirrel cage induction machine at starting ( PWM noise )
-> high frequency (100 to 10000 Hz), high tonality noise
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from [B7]
Maxwell forces Maxwell forces Maxwell forces Maxwell forces tend to get the stator closer to the rotor
MagnetostrictionMagnetostrictionMagnetostrictionMagnetostriction forces forces forces forces tend to shrink the iron along the field lines
yokeyokeyokeyoke
slotsslotsslotsslots
teethteethteethteeth
STATOR
ROTOR
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Electrical noise and vibration phenomenaElectrical noise and vibration phenomenaElectrical noise and vibration phenomenaElectrical noise and vibration phenomena
gearbox
electrical machine mount
supports
Tangential and radial magnetic force harmonics generate radial vibrations propagating to the external frame
Torque harmonics can propagate through rotor shaft as torsional vibrations, and efficiently radiated (large surface / normal vibrations) like gearbox frame or mount
Unbalance forces harmonics generate shaft bending vibrations which propagate to bearing & frame
Axial forces make endplates axial vibrations
Forced excitation + resonancesForced excitation + resonancesForced excitation + resonancesForced excitation + resonances
endplate
frameshaft
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Why do electrical noise and vibrations matter ?Why do electrical noise and vibrations matter ?Why do electrical noise and vibrations matter ?Why do electrical noise and vibrations matter ?
Cost optimization -> thinner yoker -> increased vibration & noise
Skewing technique which is used to reduce noise and vibration levels degrades torque and efficiency
Electromagnetic & thermal & vibro-acoustic design have therefore strong interactions
Electromagnetics & Electromagnetics & Electromagnetics & Electromagnetics & vibroacousticsvibroacousticsvibroacousticsvibroacoustics interactionsinteractionsinteractionsinteractions
Health (e.g. in industry): lower the exposure to acoustic noise level
Comfort (e.g. in transportation): increase the sound pleasantness based on psychoacoustic metrics
Security (e.g. in defense): lower the vibroacoustic signature
Robustness (e.g. in energy): lower the electromechanical fatigue
Standard requirements
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time frequency f
space frequency = space order = wavenumber r
Characterization of electrical noise and vibrationCharacterization of electrical noise and vibrationCharacterization of electrical noise and vibrationCharacterization of electrical noise and vibration
r=0 r=6
harmonic origin: slotting, winding, PWM, saturation, eccentricity
wave type: pulsating Vs rotating, rotation direction
forced excitation Vs resonance
largest magnetic force occurs at f=2fs (electrical frequency) r=2p (pole pair number)
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D. MEASUREMENT SETD. MEASUREMENT SETD. MEASUREMENT SETD. MEASUREMENT SET----UPUPUPUP
Dewetron SIRIUS 8 channel ACC+
B&K 1-axis radial accelerometer in the middle of the stator stack(at least 8 recommended to capture r=4 order)
PCB free field microphone 1 m away from the outer frame
Optel Thevon tachometer (1 pulse per rev)
Chauvin Arnoux current clamps
ACTIVEACTIVEACTIVEACTIVE
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E. ACQUISITION SETE. ACQUISITION SETE. ACQUISITION SETE. ACQUISITION SET----UPUPUPUP
SpectrogramsSpectrogramsSpectrogramsSpectrograms
FFTs for noise (20 kHz), accelerometers (10 kHz) and current (5 kHz)
Order trackingOrder trackingOrder trackingOrder tracking
For magnetic vibrations due to slotting effects the best orders to be tracked are 2p, Zr-2p, Zr, Zr+2p (p: number of pole pairs, Zr: number of rotor slots or number of rotor poles)
-> some high rank orders are needed for high torque machines (ex: Zr=212)
For mechanical vibrations the order 1 should be also tracked
Specific set-ups are used for the best tradeoff between rpm and Hz accuracy
Tachometer setupTachometer setupTachometer setupTachometer setup
Analog tacho
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Operation Deflection ShapeOperation Deflection ShapeOperation Deflection ShapeOperation Deflection Shape
Use of modal test environment of Dewesoft to visualize the stator deflection under magnetic forces
Calculation of reverberation timeCalculation of reverberation timeCalculation of reverberation timeCalculation of reverberation time
Use of Dewesoft + Matlab to obtain the reverberation time in order to estimate the direct field (electrical machine) and indirect field (room reflections) contribution to the overall sound pressure level
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AAAA----weighting and third octave analysisweighting and third octave analysisweighting and third octave analysisweighting and third octave analysis
dB and dBA as a function of speed
Other tipsOther tipsOther tipsOther tips
Normalization of the noise level to the current level
Online estimation of slip in asynchronous machines using tracking filter
Current angle calculation based on 2 or 3 phase measurements
Spatiograms: 2D FFT run-ups of circumferential vibration waves
= 20()
= 1
60
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F. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSF. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSF. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSF. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Operation deflection shape (case of a 1MW induction machine, r=1 & 2)Operation deflection shape (case of a 1MW induction machine, r=1 & 2)Operation deflection shape (case of a 1MW induction machine, r=1 & 2)Operation deflection shape (case of a 1MW induction machine, r=1 & 2)
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Current spectrograms (IM, raw)Current spectrograms (IM, raw)Current spectrograms (IM, raw)Current spectrograms (IM, raw)
fundamentalslotting harmonic with dynamicrotor motion
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Case of a Case of a Case of a Case of a concentrated winding concentrated winding concentrated winding concentrated winding PM synchronous machine (12 stator slots, 10 poles)PM synchronous machine (12 stator slots, 10 poles)PM synchronous machine (12 stator slots, 10 poles)PM synchronous machine (12 stator slots, 10 poles)
8 accelerometers
run-up to 2200 rpm switching frequency at 1500 Hz
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Accelerometer spectrograms (raw)Accelerometer spectrograms (raw)Accelerometer spectrograms (raw)Accelerometer spectrograms (raw)
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natural frequencies (vertical lines)
PWM excitationsAccelerometer spectrograms (runAccelerometer spectrograms (runAccelerometer spectrograms (runAccelerometer spectrograms (run----up)up)up)up)
slotting excitationsPWM +slotting excitations
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Zoom on slotting excitations matching a mode close to 250 Hz
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250 Hz natural frequency (parabola)
Order tracking Order tracking Order tracking Order tracking
Wavenumber r=2 modulated by eccentricity
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SpatiogramSpatiogramSpatiogramSpatiogram: : : : spectrogram of a specific space order r
Complex value + dual side FFT
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r=2p=10, f=-fswi -2fsr=2p=+10, f=fswi -2fs
same as r=-10, f=fswi+2fs
r=2, f=2fs
Spatiogram r=2
not available yet as a function of rpm
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r=-2 and +2 spatiograms are the same (transposition)
r=2
r=-2
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r=2
r=0
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r=2
r=1
Sidebands due to eccentricities
Mechanical unbalance (rotation frequency)
First bending mode
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r=2
r=3
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r=4
r=2
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Plot / slot interactions appear as single sided-excitation (pure rotating force waves)
Eccentricities and PWM vibrations appear as double sided excitations (modulation effects: pairs of travelling vibration waves)
Natural frequencies appear as symmetrical amplifications in double sided FFTs
The machine vibration behavior is determined by wavenumbers 1 and 2
Spatiograms based on Dewesoft Math functions are far more efficient than doing an ODS at each frequency and each speed
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G. CONCLUSIONSG. CONCLUSIONSG. CONCLUSIONSG. CONCLUSIONS
Advanced rotating machine analysis applied to electrical noise & vibrations reduction
On field post-processings allow to quickly identify the physical origin of noise & vibration
Combined with internal simulations (e.g. MANATEE software) some mechanical and electromagnetic redesign possibilities can be proposed and validated
Up to 15 dB reduction has been obtained after redesignto 15 dB reduction has been obtained after redesignto 15 dB reduction has been obtained after redesignto 15 dB reduction has been obtained after redesign
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Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionThank you for your attentionAny Any Any Any questionsquestionsquestionsquestions????
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