2015 respirators ppe

Respirators

John Newquist

Draft 2 22 2015

Standard Overview

• Definitions

• Program

Requirements

• Selection

• Medical Evaluation

• Fit Testing

• Maintenance/Use

• Training

• Recordkeeping

Definitions PretestA. High efficiency particulate air

(HEPA) filter

B. Immediately dangerous to life

of health (IDLH)

C. Negative pressure respirator

D. Oxygen deficient atmosphere

E. Positive pressure respirator

F. Powered air-purifying

respirator

G. Self-contained breathing

apparatus (SCBA)

H. Supplied-air respirator (SAR)

I. Escape-only respirator

J. Tight-fitting facepiece

December 2014

• Evanston IL

• $132,000 to six contractors

• OSHA's inspection found that

onsite asbestos consultant

directed the HVAC contractor

to cut and remove 60 feet of

piping that contained asbestos

insulation without PPE. Typical asbestos pipe.

• PPE Assessment

• Payment

• Training

• Audit

Overview

Payment

• Employers pay for almost all personal protective equipment that is required by OSHA’s general industry standards.

• Metatarsal foot protection;

• Rubber boots with steel toes;

• Non-prescription eye protection;

• Hard hats/Bump Caps;

• Hearing Protection;

• Personal fall protection; and

• Reflective work vests.

• It does not require payment for uniforms, items worn to keep clean, or other items that are not PPE.

• Sturdy work shoes;

• Non-specialty slip-resistant, non-safety-toe footwear;

• Prescription Eye wear

Some Caveats

• PPE is used as a last resort

• The use of PPE signifies

that the hazard could not

be controlled by other

methods, such as:

– administrative controls (i.e.,

shift rotation)

– engineering or industrial

hygiene controls

Back to the caveats...

• The use of PPE signals that the

hazard still exists in the

workplace

• Unprotected individuals in the

same area will be exposed

• Failure of PPE means that the

worker will be exposed

• PPE can be combined with

other controls

Clean Air Paradox

• Quality of Air

• 78.1% Nitrogen

• 20.9% Oxygen

• 0.9% Argon

• 0.03% Carbon

Dioxide

Units Seem Small

1 % = 10,000 ppm

PEL = Permissible

Exposure Limits

(OSHA)

5 Mg/M3 is very small

2 f/cc = 2,000,000f/M3

Health Effects

• Irritation

• Asphyxiation

• Organ Specific Effects

• Mutagen

• Teratogen

• Acute/Chronic

• Reversible vs.

Nonreversible

Factors

• Genetics

• Age

• Health status

• Route of entry

• Frequency and

duration of exposure

Exposure Limits

• Animal Studies

• Epidemiological

studies

• Industrial Experience

• STEL – 15 minutes

• Ceiling – never

exceeded

• Threshold Limit Value

Sampling

• Qualified person

• Appropriate

instrument

• Duration of sampling

• Pre and post

calibration

Hierarchy of Controls

• Engineering

• Administrative

• Personal Protective

Equipment

• Training

Lead

• Requires compliance with 1910.1025

• Overexposure can occur in less than 5 minutes

when torch cutting or painting

Lead effects

• Chronic overexposure - severe damage to

the blood-forming, nervous, urinary, and

reproductive systems

• High levels will require medical removal

• Bridge Painting/Removal continues to be

ones of the consistent lead issues in

construction

Silica

• Cutting, hammering,

drilling, blasting can

create high silica

levels

• Use wet methods and

wear respirators

• One of the oldest

occupational diseases

Silica

• 150-200 deaths a year

(2009)

• 1150-1200 deaths a

year (1968)

• Yet….one company

had 3 silicosis and

10x+ severe

respiratory diseases

Gauley Bridge in 1920’s had

workers die in months.

Copper Fumes - Welding

• Copper is inhalation

hazard affecting

respiratory system

• Mild steel (red iron)

and carbon steel

contain manganese

• Manganese may

cause Parkinson's

disease What do you see?

Total Dust

• All the things not

regulated.

• Good, bad, or

indifferent?

• Air blowing!

Iron Oxide -Welding

• Metal fume fever

• Direct Draw or forced ventilation should be used

• Personal Protective Equipment should be used

• Bystanders should be protected as well

Carbon Monoxide

• Generators are most

common problem of

CO

• Heaters out of tune are

another cause

• CO TWA is 50 ppm

• Others set levels 25

ppm

Hex Chrome

• Stainless steel contains

nickel and chromium

• Plating, grinding,

welding are problems

• Some cements

Cadmium

• Overexposure to cutting cadmium bolts, coated poles

• Torch cutting should never be used

• Use hydraulic bolt cutters

• Comply with 1926.1127 Cadmium bolts are often

found in sprinkler pipe use.

Methylene Chloride

• Paint stripping

• Parts cleaners

• Cancer causing

Asbestos

• Common Fireproofing

material used pre-

1980s

• Found in pipe

insulation, ceiling

tiles, and floor tiles

• Must comply with

1926.1101 or

1910.1001

June 2014

• The asbestos lawsuit that

saw a $1 million award

• Richard Rost has

Mesothelioma

• Defendants included Ford

Motor Company (Ford),

General Electric,

Westinghouse and Ingersoll-

Rand.

• However, the latter three

defendants settled with the

plaintiffs out of court, before

the trial had an opportunity

to begin.

Overall, nearly 3,000 people

are diagnosed with mesothelioma each

year in the United States, which represents

0.02 percent of all U.S. cancer cases.

http://www.asbestos.com/mesothelioma/diagnosis.php

Respiratory

Protection

• 1910.134

– Written program #2

– Medical evaluation #1

– Fit testing #3, #6

– Selection, Evaluation of

exposure #5

– Maintenance, Storage, and

Care #9

– Annual Training #8

– Program evaluation #10

– Beards #7

Voluntary use App D - #4

Written Program Requirements

Program Elements:• Selection procedures

• Medical Evaluations

• Fit testing procedures for

tight-fitting respirators

• Proper use procedures -

routine & emergency

• Procedures & schedules for

maintenance

• Supplied air quality &

quantity

• Hazards Training - routine

& emergency

• Respirator use training

• Program auditing

Selection of Respirators

• Employer must select

and provide an

appropriate respirator

based on the respiratory

hazards

Uses/Limitations

• Will only work with corresponding filters or cartridges

• Can protect you from hazardous levels of materials

• If worn properly and in the right atmosphere, respirators can save your life

Uses / Limitations

Never use an air purifying respirator:

• If Oxygen level is below 19.5% or above 21%

• in an IDLH atmosphere;

• for ABRASIVE BLASTING;

• for FIRE FIGHTING;

• which is not APPROVED for the contaminant of concern;

• with FACIAL HAIR.

October 2014

On The Horizon

• Silica?

• Noise?

• Confined Space

in Construction?

Protection Factors

Respiratory protective equipment

Selection of suitable type

by competent personFactors:

• nature of hazards

• measured concentrations

• period of exposure

• vision

• communications

• confined spaces

• personal suitability


Training in the use

of equipment must

be given

Stored in a clean

place with protective

enclosure


Disposable face mask:

• light, comfortable, cheap

• one user only

• eight hour maximum use, but

less if high dust levels

• dispose of after use

• May not be ok for silica

• Not for lead and asbestos


Half-mask dust respirator:

• easily maintained

• freedom of movement

• may have ‘shelf life’

• colour coded cartridges

Anatomy of a half-mask respirator


• High efficiency

particulate air (HEPA)

dust respirator:

• full face protection

• correct fitting and use

• beards, spectacles, etc.

may lessen efficiency


Positive pressure powered

respirator:

• for long periods of work

• pump and filter

• approximately seven hours

use

• air leaks go outwards

• requires battery and filter

maintenance


Helmet and visor respirator:

• battery-operated fan and

filter

• comfortable

• not for all hazards

• requires maintenance

schedules

Confined Space SAR

Self-contained Air Supply for

Escape.

Supplied air respirators are not

to be used in an atmosphere

which is immediately

dangerous to life and health

(IDLH) unless it is equipped

with a self-contained air supply

for escape.

Air Created by an Oil Lubricated

Compressor?

• For oil-lubricated compressors,

the employer shall use a high-

temperature or carbon

monoxide alarm, or both, to

monitor carbon monoxide

levels.

• If only high-temperature alarms

are used, the air supply shall be

monitored at intervals sufficient

to prevent carbon monoxide in

the breathing air from

exceeding 10ppm

Compressor Citation

Hose Length

• The total system

length can be up to

350 ft. with 100 ft.

maximum from the

pump to the

respirator and 250

ft. from the pump to

the inlet filter.


Compressed airline breathing

apparatus:

• mask or hood with

compressed airline

• requires pure air at correct

pressure, humidity and

temperature

• air hose can restrict

movement


Self-contained breathing

apparatus:

• mask, air regulator and

cylinder

• used only by a trained

person

• selected by competent

person

• cylinder duration is 20 – 30

minutes

Evaluation

• "The employer shall identify

and evaluate the respiratory

hazard(s) in the workplace; this

evaluation shall include a

reasonable estimate of

employee exposures to

respiratory hazard(s) and an

identification of the

contaminant's chemical state

and physical form

• Does not require air sampling

but……

Training Requirements

• Training must be provided prior to use

• Retraining is required annually, and when:– changes in the workplace

or type of respirator render previous training obsolete

– there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use

– any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary

IDLH Training

Voluntary Use Requirements(other than filtering facepiece respirator)

• Medical evaluations

• Maintenance, Cleaning,

Storage

• Appendix D• The basic advisory information in

Appendix D must be provided to

employees who wear respirators

when use is not required by this

standard or by the employer

Voluntary Use Requirements

(Filtering facepiece only)

Appendix D only:

• Read and Heed all instructions

• Use approved respirators

• Properly selected

• Keep track of your respirator

#1 1910.134(e)(1)

• The employer shall provide a medical

evaluation to determine the employee's

ability to use a respirator, before the

employee is fit tested or required to use the

respirator in the workplace.

• The employer may discontinue an

employee's medical evaluations when the

employee is no longer required to use a

respirator

Medical Evaluation Requirements

• Evaluation completed prior to wearing respirator

• Annually thereafter

• Evaluation include information in Sections 1 and 2, Part 1

Of Appendix C

• Conducted by a physician or licensed health care

professional

Medical Signs and Symptoms

• The following are signs or

symptoms that may

prevent the use of a

respirator:

– Seizures

– Claustrophobia

– Asthma

– Emphysema

– Pneumonia

– Collapsed Lung

– Lung Cancer

– Broken Ribs

– Chest

Injuries/Surgeries

– Any other lung

problems

– Heart or Circulation

problems

– Anxiety

Fit Testing

Quantitative fit testing uses a machine to

measure the actual amount of leakage

into the face piece and does not rely

upon your sense of taste, smell, or

irritation in order to detect leakage

The fit test shall be administered

using an OSHA-accepted QLFT or

QNFT protocol.

Fit test not done before use. #6

Fit test not done annually #3

Fit Testing

• Qualitative fit testing is

normally used for half-

mask respirators - those

that just cover your mouth

and nose.

• Half-mask respirators can

be filtering facepiece

respirators - often called

"N95s" - as well as

elastomeric respirators.

TSI Qfit

• Qualitative respirator fit

tester is the only OSHA-

compliant (29CFR

1910.134) automated

pump-driven nebulizer for

Bitrex and Saccharin to

qualitatively test the

integrity of respirators to

the specific users wearing

them.

User Seal Check

An action conducted by the respirator

user to determine if the respirator is

properly seated to the face.

Positive Pressure

Check

Negative Pressure

Check

User Seal Check

Training

Requirements

• Training must be provided prior to use, unless acceptable training has been provided by another employer within the past 12 months

• Retraining is required annually, and when:– changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous

training obsolete

– there are inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use

– any other situation arises in which retraining appears necessary

• The basic advisory information in Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not required by this standard or by the employer

Employee Responsibilities

• Dirty respirator

• Wear PPE when necessary

and required

• Attend PPE training

sessions annually

• Care for, clean,

maintaining, and dispose

of PPE properly.

• Report any damaged or

defective PPE

immediately.

Respirator Defective

Cleaning Protocol

• Dismantle

• Wash

• Rinse

• Drain

• Sanitize

• Rinse

• Dry

• Reassemble

• Test

1. Hypochlorite solution or

2. Aqueous solution of iodine

or,

3. Other manufacturer

cleansers

Maintenance and Care

• Clean and disinfect at the following

intervals:

– as often as necessary when issued for

exclusive use

– before being worn by different individuals when

issued to more than one employee

– after each use for emergency respirators and

those used in fit testing and training

Storage

• Protect Respirator

from:

– Dust

– Sunlight

– Damaging chemicals

– Heat

– Extreme cold

– Excessive moisture

Inspection

• Dirt

• Cracks

• Tears

• Holes

• Distortion

• Broken parts

• Missing parts

• Elasticity

• Corrosion

• Valve test

Problems?

Questions?

Background

• Classes: OSHA 10/30 Hour,

Incident Investigation,

Confined Space, Excavation

Safety, Cranes Signaling and

Rigging, Fall Protection,

Scaffold Safety, and many more

• Services: Mentoring new safety

professionals, Mock OSHA

Inspections, Site Safety Audits,

OSHA Litigation Consultation,

Expert Witness, Reducing

Worker Compensation Risk,

Improving Site safety

76

• 34 years working with top

companies to achieve ZERO

injuries

• Certified Safety Professional

• OSHA 1983-2012

• Founding Member of ANSI Z359

• 815-354-6853

• [email protected]

2015 respirators ppe

Government & Nonprofit

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