PREPARATION OF WOLLASTONITE

FROM RAW MATERIAL - EGGSHELL

NURHAZIRAH BT MOHAMED HALMI (167960)

SUPERVISOR : PROF DR SIDEK ABD AZIZ

Research background

• This research is focusing on how to prepare a Wollastonite from the SLS glass and CaO (eggshells) through the heat treatment.

• Wollastonite is composed of calcium (Ca) and silica (SiO2) with the chemical formula CaSiO3.

• Abundance of waste product disposed by communities gives huge environmental impacts.

• Thus some proper treatments are highly required for the environment.

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Wollastonite

CaCO3 + SiO2 CaSiO3

Theoretical composition of 48 wt.% CaO and 52 wt.% SiO2

White in color

Filler in paints and coating, plastics, ceramics, automobile industry

Medical materials for artificial bones and dental roots

INTRODUCTION

SLS (Soda Lime Silica)

As glass container and flat glasses

Consist of 70% SiO2, 15% Na2O , 9% CaO

Most prevalent type of glass

100% recyclable and can be recycled a million times over to produce bottles and jars

of the same high quality

INTRODUCTION

Eggshell (CaO)

Consisted of 94% of CaCO3, 1% of MgCO3, 1% of Ca3(PO4)2 and 4% organic

substances.

Eggshell calcium content is 28.2-41.2% , phosphorus content is 0.102%

CaO were produced from CaCO3 through

calcination process. CaCO3 CaO + CO2

Melting point of 2572°C

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Ecological legislation has a high demand towards recycling industrial wastes on how to achieve healthy environment without any threat to the living organisms; human, animals and plants.

The growth in the world population caused the expansion of housing and growth in construction industries.

OBJECTIVES

• To extract calcium oxide, CaO decarbonized from calcium carbonate, CaCO3 through calcination process.

• To prepare Wollastonite glass-ceramic from the mixture of soda lime silica (SLS) glass added with CaO from waste material of eggshell.

• To study the physical and structure on the effect of heat treatment of wollastonite glass-ceramic.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Author Research Findings

Nour et. al (2008) Recycled wastes as precursor for synthesizing wollastonite

• Production of wollastonite became a solution for getting over the accumulation of the wastes and forming a suitable precursor for the tile industries.

• Wollastonite has found its application in the production of heat-insulating ceramics, automobile industry as well as a filler in paints.

Kotsis & Balogh, (1989)

Synthesis of Wollastonite • ß-wollastonite is transformed to α-wollastonite at 1125°C

• The composition of the mixtures corresponds to a 1:1 molar ratio of CaO and SiO2, in all cases.

WO

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Author Research Findings

Puntharod et. al (2013)

Synthesis and characterization of wollastonite from egg shell and diatomite by the hydrothermal method

• Chemical composition of eggshell is calcium carbonate (94%), magnesium carbonate (1%), calcium phosphate (1%), and organic matter (4%) by weight

Zhang & Liu, (2013)

A low cost route for fabrication of wollastonite glass–ceramics directly using soda-lime waste glass by reactive crystallization–sintering

• Raising temperature had a considerable influence on strength but less on hardness of glass–ceramics.

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LITERATURE REVIEW

Author Research Findings

Marinoni et.al (2013)

Effects of soda-lime-silica waste glass on mullite formation kinetics and micro-structures development in vitreous ceramics

• Glass cullets (referred to as soda-lime or soda- lime-silica (SLS) glass) from urban waste consist mainly of silicon, sodium and calcium oxides.

Bateni et. al (2014) Effect of soda-lime-silica glass addition on the physical properties of ceramic obtained from white rice husk ash

• The effect of sintering on the density of SLS glass showed that increasing the sintering temperature above 627°C, increases the density of SLS glass

SOD

A L

IME

SILI

CA

Collecting raw material

Clean and dry at room

temperature

Heat in oven at 200⁰C for 2

hours

Crushing Grinding Sieving

METHODOLOGY

1 2 3

4 5 6

METHODOLOGY

Undergo calcination

process 900⁰C

Weighing and mixing

Milling process (50rpm for 24

hours)

Melt and quenching process

at 1400⁰C for 2 hours

Glass frits Grind the

glass frits into powder

7 8 9

10 11 12

Pelletizing process Sintering Process Analysis XRD, XRF, FTIR ,UV-VIS, Density 13 14 15

METHODOLOGY

Analysis Expected Result

XRD • To obtain information about the structure of crystalline materials. • Determine whether the samples are in amorphous or in

the crystalline phase.

XRF • Show the dominant element in the sample.

FTIR • Structural bonding of wollastonite.

Density • Find the density of compound form.

EXPECTED RESULT

1. Nour, W. M. N., Mostafa, a. a., & Ibrahim, D. M. (2008). Recycled wastes as precursor for synthesizing wollastonite. Ceramics International, 34(1), 101–105. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2006.08.019

2. Vichaphund, S., Kitiwan, M., Atong, D., & Thavorniti, P. (2011). Microwave synthesis of wollastonite powder from eggshells. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 31, 2435–2440. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.02.026

3. Zhang, W., & Liu, H. (2013). A low cost route for fabrication of wollastonite glass – ceramics directly using soda-lime waste glass by reactive crystallization – sintering. Ceramics International, 39(2), 1943–1949. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.08.044

4. Obeid, M. M. (2014). Crystallization of Synthetic Wollastonite Prepared from Local Raw Materials. International Journal of Materials and Chemistry. Scientific & Academic Publishing.

5. Puntharod, R., Sankram, C., Chantaramee, N., Pookmanee, P., & Haller, K. J. (2013). Synthesis and characterization of wollastonite from egg shell and diatomite by the hydrothermal method. Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, 14(2), 198–201.

6. Marinoni, N., D’Alessio, D., Diella, V., Pavese, A., & Francescon, F. (2013). Effects of soda-lime-silica waste glass on mullite formation kinetics and micro-structures development in vitreous ceramics. Journal of Environmental Management, 124, 100–107. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.02.048

7. Kotsis, I., & Balogh, A. (1989). Synthesis of wollastonite. Ceramics International, 15(2), 79–85. http://doi.org/10.1016/0272-8842(89)90018-7

REFERENCES