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201561

>>2015

China'sMilitaryStrategy(English)www.scio.gov.cn20150526

TheInformationOfficeoftheStateCouncilonTuesdaypublishedawhitepaperonChina'smilitarystrategy.

Followingisthefulltext:

China'sMilitaryStrategy

TheStateCouncilInformationOfficeofthePeople'sRepublicofChina

May2015,Beijing

Contents

Preface

I.NationalSecuritySituation

II.MissionsandStrategicTasksofChina'sArmedForces

III.StrategicGuidelineofActiveDefense

IV.BuildingandDevelopmentofChina'sArmedForces

V.PreparationforMilitaryStruggle

VI.MilitaryandSecurityCooperation

Preface

Theworldtodayisundergoingunprecedentedchanges,andChinaisatacriticalstageofreformanddevelopment.IntheirendeavortorealizetheChineseDream

ofgreatnationalrejuvenation,theChinesepeopleaspiretojoinhandswiththerestoftheworldtomaintainpeace,pursuedevelopmentandshareprosperity.

China'sdestinyisvitallyinterrelatedwiththatoftheworldasawhole.AprosperousandstableworldwouldprovideChinawithopportunities,whileChina's

peacefuldevelopmentalsooffersanopportunityforthewholeworld.Chinawillunswervinglyfollowthepathofpeacefuldevelopment,pursueanindependent

foreignpolicyofpeaceandanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature,opposehegemonismandpowerpoliticsinallforms,andwillneverseek

hegemonyorexpansion.China'sarmedforceswillremainastaunchforceinmaintainingworldpeace.

BuildingastrongnationaldefenseandpowerfularmedforcesisastrategictaskofChina'smodernizationdriveandasecurityguaranteeforChina'speaceful

development.Subordinatetoandservingthenationalstrategicgoal,China'smilitarystrategyisanoverarchingguidanceforblueprintinganddirectingthe

buildingandemploymentofthecountry'sarmedforces.Atthisnewhistoricalstartingpoint,China'sarmedforceswilladaptthemselvestonewchangesinthe

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nationalsecurityenvironment,firmlyfollowthegoaloftheCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)tobuildastrongmilitaryforthenewsituation,implementthe

militarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,acceleratethemodernizationofnationaldefenseandarmedforces,resolutelysafeguardChina's

sovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests,andprovideastrongguaranteeforachievingthenationalstrategicgoalofthe"twocentenaries"andforrealizing

theChineseDreamofachievingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

I.NationalSecuritySituation

Intoday'sworld,theglobaltrendstowardmultipolarityandeconomicglobalizationareintensifying,andaninformationsocietyisrapidlycomingintobeing.

Countriesareincreasinglyboundtogetherinacommunityofshareddestiny.Peace,development,cooperationandmutualbenefithavebecomeanirresistibletide

ofthetimes.

Profoundchangesaretakingplaceintheinternationalsituation,asmanifestedinthehistoricchangesinthebalanceofpower,globalgovernancestructure,Asia

Pacificgeostrategiclandscape,andinternationalcompetitionintheeconomic,scientificandtechnological,andmilitaryfields.Theforcesforworldpeaceareon

therise,soarethefactorsagainstwar.Intheforeseeablefuture,aworldwarisunlikely,andtheinternationalsituationisexpectedtoremaingenerallypeaceful.

Thereare,however,newthreatsfromhegemonism,powerpoliticsandneointerventionism.Internationalcompetitionfortheredistributionofpower,rightsand

interestsistendingtointensify.Terroristactivitiesaregrowingincreasinglyworrisome.Hotspotissues,suchasethnic,religious,borderandterritorialdisputes,

arecomplexandvolatile.Smallscalewars,conflictsandcrisesarerecurrentinsomeregions.Therefore,theworldstillfacesbothimmediateandpotential

threatsoflocalwars.

Withagenerallyfavorableexternalenvironment,Chinawillremaininanimportantperiodofstrategicopportunitiesforitsdevelopment,aperiodinwhichmuch

canbeachieved.China'scomprehensivenationalstrength,corecompetitivenessandriskresistancecapacityarenotablyincreasing,andChinaenjoysgrowing

internationalstandingandinfluence.Domestically,theChinesepeople'sstandardoflivinghasremarkablyimproved,andChinesesocietyremainsstable.China,

asalargedevelopingcountry,stillfacesmultipleandcomplexsecuritythreats,aswellasincreasingexternalimpedimentsandchallenges.Subsistenceand

developmentsecurityconcerns,aswellastraditionalandnontraditionalsecuritythreatsareinterwoven.Therefore,Chinahasanarduoustasktosafeguardits

nationalunification,territorialintegrityanddevelopmentinterests.

AstheworldeconomicandstrategiccenterofgravityisshiftingevermorerapidlytotheAsiaPacificregion,theUScarriesonits"rebalancing"strategyand

enhancesitsmilitarypresenceanditsmilitaryalliancesinthisregion.Japanissparingnoefforttododgethepostwarmechanism,overhaulingitsmilitaryand

securitypolicies.Suchdevelopmenthascausedgraveconcernsamongothercountriesintheregion.OntheissuesconcerningChina'sterritorialsovereigntyand

maritimerightsandinterests,someofitsoffshoreneighborstakeprovocativeactionsandreinforcetheirmilitarypresenceonChina'sreefsandislandsthatthey

haveillegallyoccupied.SomeexternalcountriesarealsobusymeddlinginSouthChinaSeaaffairsatinyfewmaintainconstantcloseinairandseasurveillance

andreconnaissanceagainstChina.ItisthusalongstandingtaskforChinatosafeguarditsmaritimerightsandinterests.Certaindisputesoverlandterritoryare

stillsmoldering.TheKoreanPeninsulaandNortheastAsiaareshroudedininstabilityanduncertainty.Regionalterrorism,separatismandextremismarerampant.

AllthesehaveanegativeimpactonthesecurityandstabilityalongChina'speriphery.

TheTaiwanissuebearsonChina'sreunificationandlongtermdevelopment,andreunificationisaninevitabletrendinthecourseofnationalrejuvenation.In

recentyears,crossTaiwanStraitsrelationshavesustainedasoundmomentumofpeacefuldevelopment,buttherootcauseofinstabilityhasnotyetbeen

removed,andthe"Taiwanindependence"separatistforcesandtheiractivitiesarestillthebiggestthreattothepeacefuldevelopmentofcrossStraitsrelations.

Further,Chinafacesaformidabletasktomaintainpoliticalsecurityandsocialstability.Separatistforcesfor"EastTurkistanindependence"and"Tibet

independence"haveinflictedseriousdamage,particularlywithescalatingviolentterroristactivitiesby"EastTurkistanindependence"forces.Besides,antiChina

forceshavenevergivenuptheirattempttoinstigatea"colorrevolution"inthiscountry.Consequently,Chinafacesmorechallengesintermsofnationalsecurity

andsocialstability.WiththegrowthofChina'snationalinterests,itsnationalsecurityismorevulnerabletointernationalandregionalturmoil,terrorism,piracy,

seriousnaturaldisastersandepidemics,andthesecurityofoverseasinterestsconcerningenergyandresources,strategicsealinesofcommunication(SLOCs),as

wellasinstitutions,personnelandassetsabroad,hasbecomeanimminentissue.

Theworldrevolutioninmilitaryaffairs(RMA)isproceedingtoanewstage.Longrange,precise,smart,stealthyandunmannedweaponsandequipmentare

becomingincreasinglysophisticated.Outerspaceandcyberspacehavebecomenewcommandingheightsinstrategiccompetitionamongallparties.Theformof

warisacceleratingitsevolutiontoinformationization.Worldmajorpowersareactivelyadjustingtheirnationalsecuritystrategiesanddefensepolicies,and

speedinguptheirmilitarytransformationandforcerestructuring.Theaforementionedrevolutionarychangesinmilitarytechnologiesandtheformofwarhave

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notonlyhadasignificantimpactontheinternationalpoliticalandmilitarylandscapes,butalsoposednewandseverechallengestoChina'smilitarysecurity.

II.MissionsandStrategicTasksofChina'sArmedForces

China'snationalstrategicgoalistocompletethebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallrespectsby2021whentheCPCcelebratesitscentenaryand

thebuildingofamodernsocialistcountrythatisprosperous,strong,democratic,culturallyadvancedandharmoniousby2049whenthePeople'sRepublicof

China(PRC)marksitscentenary.ItisaChineseDreamofachievingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.TheChineseDreamistomakethecountry

strong.China'sarmedforcestaketheirdreamofmakingthemilitarystrongaspartoftheChineseDream.Withoutastrongmilitary,acountrycanbeneithersafe

norstrong.Inthenewhistoricalperiod,aimingattheCPC'sgoalofbuildingastrongmilitaryinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswillunswervingly

adheretotheprincipleoftheCPC'sabsoluteleadership,upholdcombateffectivenessasthesoleandfundamentalstandard,carryontheirglorioustraditions,and

worktobuildthemselvesintoapeople'smilitarythatfollowstheCPC'scommands,canfightandwin,andboastsafinestyleofwork.

Inthenewcircumstances,thenationalsecurityissuesfacingChinaencompassfarmoresubjects,extendoveragreaterrange,andcoveralongertimespanthanat

anytimeinthecountry'shistory.Internallyandexternally,thefactorsatplayaremorecomplexthaneverbefore.Therefore,itisnecessarytoupholdaholistic

viewofnationalsecurity,balanceinternalandexternalsecurity,homelandandcitizensecurity,traditionalandnontraditionalsecurity,subsistenceand

developmentsecurity,andChina'sownsecurityandthecommonsecurityoftheworld.

TorealizeChina'snationalstrategicgoalandimplementtheholisticviewofnationalsecurity,newrequirementshavebeenraisedforinnovativedevelopmentof

China'smilitarystrategyandtheaccomplishmentofmilitarymissionsandtasks.Inresponsetothenewrequirementofsafeguardingnationalsecurityand

developmentinterests,China'sarmedforceswillworkhardertocreateafavorablestrategicposturewithmoreemphasisontheemploymentofmilitaryforces

andmeans,andprovideasolidsecurityguaranteeforthecountry'speacefuldevelopment.Inresponsetothenewrequirementarisingfromthechangingsecurity

situation,thearmedforceswillconstantlyinnovatestrategicguidanceandoperationalthoughtssoastoensurethecapabilitiesoffightingandwinning.In

responsetothenewrequirementarisingfromtheworldwideRMA,thearmedforceswillpaycloseattentiontothechallengesinnewsecuritydomains,andwork

hardtoseizethestrategicinitiativeinmilitarycompetition.Inresponsetothenewrequirementcomingfromthecountry'sgrowingstrategicinterests,thearmed

forceswillactivelyparticipateinbothregionalandinternationalsecuritycooperationandeffectivelysecureChina'soverseasinterests.Andinresponsetothenew

requirementarisingfromChina'sallroundanddeepeningreform,thearmedforceswillcontinuetofollowthepathofcivilmilitaryintegration(CMI),actively

participateinthecountry'seconomicandsocialconstruction,andfirmlymaintainsocialstability,soastoremainastaunchforceforupholdingtheCPC'sruling

positionandareliableforcefordevelopingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.

China'sarmedforceswilleffectivelyperformtheirmissionsinthenewhistoricalperiod,resolutelyupholdtheleadershipoftheCPCandthesocialistsystem

withChinesecharacteristics,safeguardChina'ssovereignty,securityanddevelopmentinterests,safeguardtheimportantperiodofstrategicopportunitiesfor

China'sdevelopment,maintainregionalandworldpeace,andstrivetoprovideastrongguaranteeforcompletingthebuildingofamoderatelyprosperoussociety

inallrespectsandachievingthegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

China'sarmedforcesmainlyshoulderthefollowingstrategictasks:

Todealwithawiderangeofemergenciesandmilitarythreats,andeffectivelysafeguardthesovereigntyandsecurityofChina'sterritorialland,airandsea

Toresolutelysafeguardtheunificationofthemotherland

TosafeguardChina'ssecurityandinterestsinnewdomains

TosafeguardthesecurityofChina'soverseasinterests

Tomaintainstrategicdeterrenceandcarryoutnuclearcounterattack

Toparticipateinregionalandinternationalsecuritycooperationandmaintainregionalandworldpeace

Tostrengtheneffortsinoperationsagainstinfiltration,separatismandterrorismsoastomaintainChina'spoliticalsecurityandsocialstabilityand

Toperformsuchtasksasemergencyrescueanddisasterrelief,rightsandinterestsprotection,guardduties,andsupportfornationaleconomicandsocial

development.

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III.StrategicGuidelineofActiveDefense

ThestrategicconceptofactivedefenseistheessenceoftheCPC'smilitarystrategicthought.Fromthelongtermpracticeofrevolutionarywars,thepeople's

armedforceshavedevelopedacompletesetofstrategicconceptsofactivedefense,whichboilsdownto:adherencetotheunityofstrategicdefenseand

operationalandtacticaloffenseadherencetotheprinciplesofdefense,selfdefenseandpostemptivestrikeandadherencetothestancethat"Wewillnotattack

unlessweareattacked,butwewillsurelycounterattackifattacked."

ShortlyafterthefoundingofthePRCin1949,theCentralMilitaryCommission(CMC)establishedthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefense,andlater,in

linewiththedevelopmentsandchangesinthenationalsecuritysituation,hadmadeanumberofmajorrevisionsofit.In1993themilitarystrategicguidelineof

thenewerawasformulated,whichtookwinninglocalwarsinconditionsofmoderntechnology,particularlyhightechnology,asthebasicpointinmaking

preparationformilitarystruggle(PMS).In2004,theguidelinewasfurthersubstantiated,andthebasicpointforPMSwasmodifiedtowinninglocalwarsunder

conditionsofinformationization.

China'ssocialistnature,fundamentalnationalinterestsandtheobjectiverequirementoftakingthepathofpeacefuldevelopmentalldemandthatChina

unswervinglyadheretoandenrichthestrategicconceptofactivedefense.Guidedbynationalsecurityanddevelopmentstrategies,andrequiredbythesituation

andtheirtasksinthenewhistoricalperiod,China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetoimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseandenhance

militarystrategicguidanceasthetimessorequire.Theywillfurtherbroadenstrategicvision,updatestrategicthinkingandmakestrategicguidancemore

forwardlooking.Aholisticapproachwillbetakentobalancewarpreparationandwarprevention,rightsprotectionandstabilitymaintenance,deterrenceand

warfighting,andoperationsinwartimeandemploymentofmilitaryforcesinpeacetime.Theywilllaystressonfarsightedplanningandmanagementtocreatea

favorableposture,comprehensivelymanagecrises,andresolutelydeterandwinwars.

Toimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswilladjustthebasicpointforPMS.Inlinewiththe

evolvingformofwarandnationalsecuritysituation,thebasicpointforPMSwillbeplacedonwinninginformationizedlocalwars,highlightingmaritime

militarystruggleandmaritimePMS.Thearmedforceswillworktoeffectivelycontrolmajorcrises,properlyhandlepossiblechainreactions,andfirmly

safeguardthecountry'sterritorialsovereignty,integrityandsecurity.

Toimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswillinnovatebasicoperationaldoctrines.Inresponseto

securitythreatsfromdifferentdirectionsandinlinewiththeircurrentcapabilities,thearmedforceswilladheretotheprinciplesofflexibility,mobilityandself

dependencesothat"youfightyourwayandIfightmyway."Integratedcombatforceswillbeemployedtoprevailinsystemvssystemoperationsfeaturing

informationdominance,precisionstrikesandjointoperations.

Toimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswilloptimizethemilitarystrategiclayout.Inviewof

China'sgeostrategicenvironment,thesecuritythreatsitfacesandthestrategictaskstheyshoulder,thearmedforceswillmakeoverallplanningforstrategic

deploymentandmilitarydisposition,inordertoclearlydivideareasofresponsibilityfortheirtroops,andenablethemtosupporteachotherandactasanorganic

whole.Threatsfromsuchnewsecuritydomainsasouterspaceandcyberspacewillbedealtwithtomaintainthecommonsecurityoftheworldcommunity.

China'sarmedforceswillstrengtheninternationalsecuritycooperationinareascruciallyrelatedtoChina'soverseasinterests,toensurethesecurityofsuch

interests.

Toimplementthemilitarystrategicguidelineofactivedefenseinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforceswillupholdthefollowingprinciples:

Tobesubordinatetoandintheserviceofthenationalstrategicgoal,implementtheholisticviewofnationalsecurity,strengthenPMS,preventcrises,deter

andwinwars

TofosterastrategicposturefavorabletoChina'speacefuldevelopment,adheretothenationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature,persevereinclose

coordinationofpolitical,military,economicanddiplomaticwork,andpositivelycopewithcomprehensivesecuritythreatsthecountrypossiblyencounters

Tostrikeabalancebetweenrightsprotectionandstabilitymaintenance,andmakeoverallplanningforboth,safeguardnationalterritorialsovereigntyand

maritimerightsandinterests,andmaintainsecurityandstabilityalongChina'speriphery

Toendeavortoseizethestrategicinitiativeinmilitarystruggle,proactivelyplanformilitarystruggleinalldirectionsanddomains,andgrasptheopportunities

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toacceleratemilitarybuilding,reformanddevelopment

Toemploystrategiesandtacticsfeaturingflexibilityandmobility,givefullplaytotheoveralleffectivenessofjointoperations,concentratesuperiorforces,

andmakeintegrateduseofalloperationalmeansandmethods

Tomakeseriouspreparationstocopewiththemostcomplexanddifficultscenarios,upholdbottomlinethinking,anddoasolidjobinallaspectssoasto

ensureproperresponsestosuchscenarioswitheaseatanytimeandinanycircumstances

Tobringintofullplaytheuniquepoliticaladvantagesofthepeople'sarmedforces,upholdtheCPC'sabsoluteleadershipoverthemilitary,accentuatethe

cultivationoffightingspirit,enforcestrictdiscipline,improvetheprofessionalismandstrengthofthetroops,buildcloserrelationsbetweenthegovernmentand

themilitaryaswellasbetweenthepeopleandthemilitary,andboostthemoraleofofficersandmen

Togivefullplaytotheoverallpoweroftheconceptofpeople'swar,persistinemployingitasanaceweapontotriumphovertheenemy,enrichthecontents,

waysandmeansoftheconceptofpeople'swar,andpressforwardwiththeshiftofthefocusofwarmobilizationfromhumanresourcestoscienceand

technologyand

Toactivelyexpandmilitaryandsecuritycooperation,deepenmilitaryrelationswithmajorpowers,neighboringcountriesandotherdevelopingcountries,and

promotetheestablishmentofaregionalframeworkforsecurityandcooperation.

IV.BuildingandDevelopmentofChina'sArmedForces

Intheimplementationofthemilitarystrategicguidelineinthenewsituation,China'sarmedforcesmustcloselycenteraroundtheCPC'sgoalofbuildingastrong

military,respondtothestate'scoresecurityneeds,aimatbuildinganinformationizedmilitaryandwinninginformationizedwars,deepenthereformofnational

defenseandthearmedforcesinanallroundway,buildamodernsystemofmilitaryforceswithChinesecharacteristics,andconstantlyenhancetheircapabilities

foraddressingvarioussecuritythreatsandaccomplishingdiversifiedmilitarytasks.

DevelopmentoftheServicesandArmsofthePeople'sLiberationArmy(PLA)andthePeople'sArmedPoliceForce(PAPF)

Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofmobileoperationsandmultidimensionaloffenseanddefense,thePLAArmy(PLAA)willcontinuetoreorientfrom

theaterdefensetotranstheatermobility.Intheprocessofbuildingsmall,multifunctionalandmodularunits,thePLAAwilladaptitselftotasksindifferent

regions,developthecapacityofitscombatforcesfordifferentpurposes,andconstructacombatforcestructureforjointoperations.ThePLAAwillelevateits

capabilitiesforprecise,multidimensional,transtheater,multifunctionalandsustainableoperations.

Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofoffshorewatersdefenseandopenseasprotection,thePLANavy(PLAN)willgraduallyshiftitsfocusfrom"offshore

watersdefense"tothecombinationof"offshorewatersdefense"with"openseasprotection,"andbuildacombined,multifunctionalandefficientmarinecombat

forcestructure.ThePLANwillenhanceitscapabilitiesforstrategicdeterrenceandcounterattack,maritimemaneuvers,jointoperationsatsea,comprehensive

defenseandcomprehensivesupport.

Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofbuildingairspacecapabilitiesandconductingoffensiveanddefensiveoperations,thePLAAirForce(PLAAF)will

endeavortoshiftitsfocusfromterritorialairdefensetobothdefenseandoffense,andbuildanairspacedefenseforcestructurethatcanmeettherequirementsof

informationizedoperations.ThePLAAFwillboostitscapabilitiesforstrategicearlywarning,airstrike,airandmissiledefense,informationcountermeasures,

airborneoperations,strategicprojectionandcomprehensivesupport.

Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofbeingleanandeffectiveandpossessingbothnuclearandconventionalmissiles,thePLASecondArtilleryForce

(PLASAF)willstrivetotransformitselfinthedirectionofinformationization,pressforwardwithindependentinnovationsinweaponryandequipmentby

relianceonscienceandtechnology,enhancethesafety,reliabilityandeffectivenessofmissilesystems,andimprovetheforcestructurefeaturingacombinationof

bothnuclearandconventionalcapabilities.ThePLASAFwillstrengthenitscapabilitiesforstrategicdeterrenceandnuclearcounterattack,andmediumand

longrangeprecisionstrikes.

Inlinewiththestrategicrequirementofperformingmultiplefunctionsandeffectivelymaintainingsocialstability,thePAPFwillcontinuetodevelopitsforces

forguardandsecurity,contingencyresponse,stabilitymaintenance,counterterrorismoperations,emergencyrescueanddisasterrelief,emergencysupportand

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airsupport,andworktoimproveaforcestructurewhichhighlightsguardduty,contingencyresponse,counterterrorismandstabilitymaintenance.ThePAPF

willenhanceitscapabilitiesforperformingdiversifiedtaskscenteringonguarddutyandcontingencyresponseininformationizedconditions.

ForceDevelopmentinCriticalSecurityDomains

Theseasandoceansbearontheenduringpeace,lastingstabilityandsustainabledevelopmentofChina.Thetraditionalmentalitythatlandoutweighsseamustbe

abandoned,andgreatimportancehastobeattachedtomanagingtheseasandoceansandprotectingmaritimerightsandinterests.ItisnecessaryforChinato

developamodernmaritimemilitaryforcestructurecommensuratewithitsnationalsecurityanddevelopmentinterests,safeguarditsnationalsovereigntyand

maritimerightsandinterests,protectthesecurityofstrategicSLOCsandoverseasinterests,andparticipateininternationalmaritimecooperation,soastoprovide

strategicsupportforbuildingitselfintoamaritimepower.

Outerspacehasbecomeacommandingheightininternationalstrategiccompetition.Countriesconcernedaredevelopingtheirspaceforcesandinstruments,and

thefirstsignsofweaponizationofouterspacehaveappeared.Chinahasallalongadvocatedthepeacefuluseofouterspace,opposedtheweaponizationofand

armsraceinouterspace,andtakenanactivepartininternationalspacecooperation.Chinawillkeepabreastofthedynamicsofouterspace,dealwithsecurity

threatsandchallengesinthatdomain,andsecureitsspaceassetstoserveitsnationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment,andmaintainouterspacesecurity.

Cyberspacehasbecomeanewpillarofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,andanewdomainofnationalsecurity.Asinternationalstrategiccompetitionin

cyberspacehasbeenturningincreasinglyfiercer,quiteafewcountriesaredevelopingtheircybermilitaryforces.Beingoneofthemajorvictimsofhacker

attacks,Chinaisconfrontedwithgravesecuritythreatstoitscyberinfrastructure.Ascyberspaceweighsmoreinmilitarysecurity,Chinawillexpeditethe

developmentofacyberforce,andenhanceitscapabilitiesofcyberspacesituationawareness,cyberdefense,supportforthecountry'sendeavorsincyberspaceand

participationininternationalcybercooperation,soastostemmajorcybercrises,ensurenationalnetworkandinformationsecurity,andmaintainnationalsecurity

andsocialstability.

Thenuclearforceisastrategiccornerstoneforsafeguardingnationalsovereigntyandsecurity.Chinahasalwayspursuedthepolicyofnofirstuseofnuclear

weaponsandadheredtoaselfdefensivenuclearstrategythatisdefensiveinnature.Chinawillunconditionallynotuseorthreatentousenuclearweaponsagainst

nonnuclearweaponstatesorinnuclearweaponfreezones,andwillneverenterintoanucleararmsracewithanyothercountry.Chinahasalwayskeptits

nuclearcapabilitiesattheminimumlevelrequiredformaintainingitsnationalsecurity.Chinawilloptimizeitsnuclearforcestructure,improvestrategicearly

warning,commandandcontrol,missilepenetration,rapidreaction,andsurvivabilityandprotection,anddeterothercountriesfromusingorthreateningtouse

nuclearweaponsagainstChina.

MilitaryForceBuildingMeasures

Strengtheningideologicalandpoliticalwork.China'sarmedforcesalwaystreatideologicalandpoliticalbuildingasthefirstpriority,andhaveendeavoredto

reinforceandimprovetheirpoliticalworkinthenewsituation.TheywillcontinuetopracticeandcarryforwardtheCoreSocialistValues,cultivatetheCore

ValuesofContemporaryRevolutionaryServicePersonnel,andcarryforwardtheirglorioustraditionsandfinestyles.Moreover,thearmedforceswillupholda

seriesoffundamentalprinciplesforandinstitutionsoftheCPC'sabsoluteleadershipoverthemilitary,enhancethecreativity,cohesionandcombateffectiveness

oftheirCPCorganizationsatalllevels,makegreateffortstocultivateanewgenerationofrevolutionaryservicepersonnelofnoblesoul,competence,courage,

uprightnessandvirtue,andensurethatthearmedforceswillresolutelyfollowthecommandsoftheCPCCentralCommitteeandtheCMCatalltimesandunder

allconditions,andconsistentlyretainthenatureandpurposeofthepeople'sarmedforces.

Pushingaheadwithlogisticsmodernization.China'sarmedforceswilldeepenlogisticsreforminrelevantpolicies,institutionsandsupportforces,andoptimize

strategiclogisticsdeployment.Theywillinnovatethemodesofsupport,developnewsupportmeans,augmentwarreserves,integratelogisticsinformation

systems,improverulesandstandards,andmeticulouslyorganizesupplyandsupport,soastobuildalogisticssystemthatcanprovidesupportforfightingand

winningmodernwars,servethemodernizationofthearmedforces,andtransformtowardsinformationization.

Developingadvancedweaponryandequipment.Perseveringininformationdominance,systemsbuilding,independentinnovation,sustainabledevelopment,

overallplanning,andemphasisonpriorities,China'sarmedforceswillspeeduptoupgradeweaponryandequipment,andworktodevelopaweaponryand

equipmentsystemwhichcaneffectivelyrespondtoinformationizedwarfareandhelpfulfillthemissionsandtasks.

Cultivatingnewtypemilitarypersonnel.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuewiththestrategicprojectforpersonneltrainingandperfectthesystemformilitary

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humanresources.Theywilldeepenthereformofmilitaryeducationalinstitutionsandimprovethetriadtrainingsystemfornewtypemilitarypersonnel

institutionaleducation,unittrainingandmilitaryprofessionaleducation,soastopoolmoretalentedpeopleandcultivatemorepersonnelwhocanmeetthe

demandsofinformationizedwarfare.

Intensifyingeffortsinrunningthearmedforceswithstrictdisciplineandinaccordancewiththelaw.Aimingatstrengtheningtherevolutionization,

modernizationandregularizationofthearmedforcesinallrespects,Chinawillinnovateanddeveloptheoriesandpracticeinrelationtorunningthearmedforces

inaccordancewiththelaw,establishawellknitmilitarylawsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,soastoelevatethelevelofrulebylawofnationaldefenseand

armedforcesbuilding.

Innovatingmilitarytheories.UndertheguidanceoftheCPC'sinnovativetheories,China'sarmedforceswillintensifytheirstudiesofmilitaryoperations,probe

intothemechanismsofwinningmodernwars,innovatestrategiesandtacticsfeaturingmobilityandflexibility,anddeveloptheoriesonmilitarybuildinginthe

newsituation,soastobringintoplaceasystemofadvancedmilitarytheoriescommensuratewiththerequirementofwinningfuturewars.

Improvingstrategicmanagement.ItisnecessarytooptimizethefunctionsandinstitutionsoftheCMCandthegeneralheadquarters/departments,improvethe

leadershipandmanagementsystemoftheservicesandarms,andadheretodemandbasedplanningandplanbasedresourceallocation.China'sarmedforceswill

setupasystemandaworkingmechanismforoverallandcoordinatedprogrammingandplanning.Theywillalsointensifyoverallsupervisionandmanagement

ofstrategicresources,strengthentheinprocesssupervisionandriskcontrolofmajorprojects,improvemechanismsforstrategicassessment,andsetupand

improverelevantassessmentsystemsandcomplementarystandardsandcodes.

IndepthDevelopmentofCivilMilitaryIntegration(CMI)

Followingtheguidingprincipleofintegratingmilitarywithcivilianpurposesandcombiningmilitaryeffortswithciviliansupport,Chinawillforgefurtherahead

withCMIbyconstantlybetteringthemechanisms,diversifyingtheforms,expandingthescopeandelevatingtheleveloftheintegration,soastoendeavorto

bringintoplaceanallelement,multidomainandcostefficientpatternofCMI.

AcceleratingCMIinkeysectors.Withstrongerpolicysupport,Chinawillworktoestablishuniformmilitaryandcivilianstandardsforinfrastructure,key

technologicalareasandmajorindustries,explorethewaysandmeansfortrainingmilitarypersonnelincivilianeducationalinstitutions,developingweaponryand

equipmentbynationaldefenseindustries,andoutsourcinglogisticssupporttociviliansupportsystems.Chinaencouragesjointbuildingandutilizationofmilitary

andcivilianinfrastructure,jointexplorationofthesea,outerspaceandair,andshareduseofsuchresourcesassurveyingandmapping,navigation,meteorology

andfrequencyspectra.Accordingly,militaryandcivilianresourcescanbemorecompatible,complementaryandmutuallyaccessible.

BuildingamechanismforoperatingCMI.Atthestatelevel,itisnecessarytoestablishamechanismforCMIdevelopment,featuringunifiedleadership,military

civiliancoordination,abutmentofmilitaryandcivilianneeds,andresourcesharing.Furthermore,itisnecessarytoimprovethemanagementresponsibilitiesof

relevantmilitaryandcivilianinstitutions,improvethegeneralstandardsforboththemilitaryandtheciviliansectors,makestudiesontheestablishmentofa

policysysteminwhichthegovernmentmakestheinvestment,offerstaxincentivesandfinancialsupport,andexpediteslegislationpromotingmilitarycivilian

coordinateddevelopment,soastoformapatternfeaturingoverallmilitarycivilianplanningandcoordinateddevelopment.Itisalsonecessarytopushforward

withthesharedutilizationofmilitarycapabilitiesandthoseofothersectors,andestablishamechanismforjointcivilmilitaryresponsetomajorcrisesand

emergencies.

Improvingthesystemsandmechanismsofnationaldefensemobilization.Chinawillenhanceeducationinnationaldefenseandboosttheawarenessofthegeneral

publicinrelationtonationaldefense.Itwillcontinuetostrengthenthebuildingofthereserveforce,optimizeitsstructure,andincreaseitsproportioninthe

PLAN,PLAAFandPLASAFaswellasincombatsupportforces.Thewaystoorganizeandemployreserveforceswillbemorediversified.Chinawilldevote

moreeffortstoscienceandtechnologyinnationaldefensemobilization,bemorereadilypreparedfortherequisitionofinformationresources,andbuild

specializedsupportforces.Chinaaimstobuildanationaldefensemobilizationsystemthatcanmeettherequirementsofwinninginformationizedwarsand

respondingtobothemergenciesandwars.

V.PreparationforMilitaryStruggle

Preparationformilitarystruggle(PMS)isabasicmilitarypracticeandanimportantguaranteeforsafeguardingpeace,containingcrisesandwinningwars.To

expandandintensifyPMS,China'sarmedforcesmustmeettherequirementofbeingcapableoffightingandwinning,focusonsolvingmajorproblemsand

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difficulties,anddosolidworkandmakerelentlesseffortsinpracticalpreparations,inordertoenhancetheiroverallcapabilitiesfordeterrenceandwarfighting.

Enhancingcapabilitiesforsystemvssystemoperationsbasedoninformationsystems.China'sarmedforceswillquickentheirstepstotransformthegenerating

modeofcombateffectiveness,worktouseinformationsystemstointegrateawiderangeofoperationalforces,modulesandelementsintooveralloperational

capacity,andgraduallyestablishanintegratedjointoperationalsysteminwhichallelementsareseamlesslylinkedandvariousoperationalplatformsperform

independentlyandincoordination.China'sarmedforceswillendeavortoaddressthepressingproblemsconstrainingthecapabilitiesforsystemvssystem

operations.Theywillmakefurtherexplorationandmoreefficientutilizationofinformationresources,strengthenthebuildingofthesystemsofreconnaissance,

earlywarningandcommandandcontrol,developmediumandlongrangeprecisionstrikecapabilities,andimprovethecomprehensivesupportsystems.In

accordancewiththerequirementofbeingauthoritative,streamlined,agileandefficient,theywillstrivetoestablishandimprovetheCMCcommandorganand

theaterlevelcommandsystemsforjointoperations.

PushingaheadwithPMSinalldirectionsanddomains.Duetoitscomplexgeostrategicenvironment,Chinafacesvariousthreatsandchallengesinallitsstrategic

directionsandsecuritydomains.Therefore,PMSmustbecarriedoutinawellplanned,prioritized,comprehensiveandcoordinatedway,soastomaintainthe

balanceandstabilityoftheoverallstrategicsituation.China'sarmedforceswillmakeoverallplanningforPMSinbothtraditionalandnewsecuritydomains,and

getreadytosafeguardnationalsovereigntyandsecurity,protectthecountry'smaritimerightsandinterests,anddealwitharmedconflictsandemergencies.To

adapttotheupgradingofweaponryandequipmentaswellaschangesofoperationalpatterns,China'sarmedforceswillfurtheroptimizebattlefielddisposition

andstrengthenstrategicprepositioning.

Maintainingconstantcombatreadiness.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetoimproveitsroutinecombatreadiness,maintainapostureofhighalertness,and

conscientiouslyorganizeborder,coastalandairdefensepatrolsandguardduties.ThePLAAwillimproveitscombatreadinesssystemwithinterconnected

strategicdirections,combinedarmsandsystematizedoperationalsupport,soastoensureagilemaneuversandeffectiveresponse.ThePLANwillcontinueto

organizeandperformregularcombatreadinesspatrolsandmaintainamilitarypresenceinrelevantseaareas.ThePLAAFwillcontinuetoobservetheprinciples

ofapplicabilityinpeacetimeandwartime,alldimensionalresponseandfullterritorialreach,andmaintainvigilantandefficientcombatreadiness.ThePLASAF

willcontinuetokeepanappropriatelevelofvigilanceinpeacetime.Byobservingtheprinciplesofcombiningpeacetimeandwartimedemands,maintainingall

timevigilanceandbeingactionready,itwillprefecttheintegrated,functional,agileandefficientoperationaldutysystem.

Enhancingrealisticmilitarytraining.ThePLAwillcontinuetoattachstrategicimportancetocombattraininginrealisticconditions,andstrictlytemperthe

troopsaccordingtotheOutlineofMilitaryTrainingandEvaluation(OMTE).Itwillconstantlyinnovateoperationalandtrainingmethods,improvemilitary

trainingcriteriaandregulations,andworktobuildlargescalecomprehensivetrainingbasesinanefforttoproviderealcombatenvironmentsfortraining.The

PLAwillcontinuetoconductlivesettingtraining,ITbasedsimulatedtraining,andfaceonfaceconfrontationtraininginlinewithrealcombatcriteria,and

strengthencommandposttrainingandjointandcombinedtraining.Itwillintensifytrainingincomplexelectromagneticenvironments,complexandunfamiliar

terrains,andcomplexweatherconditions.Itwillalsosetupatrainingsupervisionandinspectionsystem,soastoincorporaterealcombatrequirementsinto

training.

Preparingformilitaryoperationsotherthanwar(MOOTWs).AsanecessaryrequirementforChina'sarmedforcestofulfilltheirresponsibilitiesandmissionsin

thenewperiodaswellasanimportantapproachtoenhancingtheiroperationalcapabilities,thearmedforceswillcontinuetoconductsuchMOOTWsas

emergencyrescueanddisasterrelief,counterterrorismandstabilitymaintenance,rightsandinterestsprotection,guardduty,internationalpeacekeeping,and

internationalhumanitarianassistanceanddisasterrelief(HADR).TheywillworktoincorporateMOOTWcapacitybuildingintomilitarymodernizationand

PMS,andpayspecialattentiontoestablishingemergencycommandmechanisms,buildingemergencyforces,trainingprofessionals,supportingtaskspecific

equipment,andformulatingrelevantpoliciesandregulations.Militaryemergencyresponsecommandsystemswillbetunedintostateemergencymanagement

mechanisms.China'sarmedforceswillpersistinunifiedorganizationandcommand,scientificemploymentofforces,rapidandefficientactions,andstrict

observationofrelatedpoliciesandregulations.

VI.MilitaryandSecurityCooperation

Pursuingasecurityconceptfeaturingcommon,comprehensive,cooperativeandsustainablesecurity,China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetodevelopmilitaryto

militaryrelationsthatarenonaligned,nonconfrontationalandnotdirectedagainstanythirdparty.Theywillstrivetoestablishfairandeffectivecollective

securitymechanismsandmilitaryconfidencebuildingmeasures(CBMs),expandmilitaryandsecuritycooperation,andcreateasecurityenvironmentfavorable

toChina'speacefuldevelopment.

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Developingallroundmilitarytomilitaryrelations.China'sarmedforceswillfurthertheirexchangesandcooperationwiththeRussianmilitarywithinthe

frameworkofthecomprehensivestrategicpartnershipofcoordinationbetweenChinaandRussia,andfosteracomprehensive,diverseandsustainableframework

topromotemilitaryrelationsinmorefieldsandatmorelevels.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetofosteranewmodelofmilitaryrelationshipwiththeUS

armedforcesthatconformstothenewmodelofmajorcountryrelationsbetweenthetwocountries,strengthendefensedialogues,exchangesandcooperation,and

improvetheCBMmechanismforthenotificationofmajormilitaryactivitiesaswellastherulesofbehaviorforsafetyofairandmaritimeencounters,soasto

strengthenmutualtrust,preventrisksandmanagecrises.Inthespiritofneighborhooddiplomacyoffriendship,sincerity,reciprocityandinclusiveness,China's

armedforceswillfurtherdeveloprelationswiththeircounterpartsinneighboringcountries.Also,theywillworktoraisethelevelofmilitaryrelationswith

Europeancounterparts,continuethetraditionalfriendlymilitarytieswiththeirAfrican,LatinAmericanandSouthernPacificcounterparts.China'sarmedforces

willworktofurtherdefenseandsecuritycooperationintheShanghaiCooperationOrganization(SCO),andcontinuetoparticipateinmultilateraldialoguesand

cooperationmechanismssuchastheASEANDefenseMinisters'MeetingPlus(ADMM+),ASEANRegionalForum(ARF),ShangriLaDialogue(SLD),Jakarta

InternationalDefenceDialogue(JIDD)andWesternPacificNavalSymposium(WPNS).TheChinesemilitarywillcontinuetohostmultilateraleventslikethe

XiangshanForum,strivingtoestablishanewframeworkforsecurityandcooperationconducivetopeace,stabilityandprosperityintheAsiaPacificregion.

Pushingaheadwithpragmaticmilitarycooperation.Onthebasisofmutualrespect,equality,mutualbenefitandallwincooperation,China'sarmedforceswill

continuetocarryoutpragmaticcooperationwiththeircounterpartsinvariouscountriesoftheworld.Inresponsetothechangingsituation,China'sarmedforces

willconstantlyexplorenewfields,newcontentsandnewmodelsofcooperationwithothermilitaries,soastojointlydealwithadiverserangeofsecuritythreats

andchallenges.Extensivedialoguesandexchangeswillbeconductedwithforeignmilitariesondefensepolicy,servicesandarmsbuilding,institutional

education,logisticsandothersubjectstopromotemutualunderstanding,mutualtrustandmutuallearning.TheChinesemilitarywillalsostrengthencooperation

withrelatedcountriesinpersonneltraining,materialassistance,equipmentandtechnology,soastostrengthenmutualsupportandenhancerespectivedefensive

capabilities.Bilateralandmultilateraljointexercisesandtraining,involvingvariousservicesandarms,willbeconductedatmultiplelevelsandinvarious

domainstoenhancejointoperationalcapabilities.TheChinesemilitarywillworktoextendthesubjectsofsuchtrainingandexercisesfromnontraditionalto

traditionalsecurityareas.Itwillactivelyparticipateininternationalmaritimesecuritydialoguesandcooperation,andjointlydealwithtraditionalandnon

traditionalmaritimesecuritythreats.

Fulfillinginternationalresponsibilitiesandobligations.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetoparticipateinUNpeacekeepingmissions,strictlyobservethe

mandatesoftheUNSecurityCouncil,maintainitscommitmenttothepeacefulsettlementofconflicts,promotedevelopmentandreconstruction,andsafeguard

regionalpeaceandsecurity.China'sarmedforceswillcontinuetotakeanactivepartininternationaldisasterrescueandhumanitarianassistance,dispatch

professionalrescueteamstodisasterstrickenareasforreliefanddisasterreduction,providereliefmaterialsandmedicalaid,andstrengtheninternational

exchangesinthefieldsofrescueanddisasterreduction.Throughtheaforementionedoperations,thearmedforcescanalsoenhancetheirowncapabilitiesand

expertise.FaithfullyfulfillingChina'sinternationalobligations,thecountry'sarmedforceswillcontinuetocarryoutescortmissionsintheGulfofAdenand

otherseaareasasrequired,enhanceexchangesandcooperationwithnavaltaskforcesofothercountries,andjointlysecureinternationalSLOCs.China'sarmed

forceswillengageinextensiveregionalandinternationalsecurityaffairs,andpromotetheestablishmentofthemechanismsofemergencynotification,military

riskprecaution,crisismanagementandconflictcontrol.Withthegrowthofnationalstrength,China'sarmedforceswillgraduallyintensifytheirparticipationin

suchoperationsasinternationalpeacekeepingandhumanitarianassistance,anddotheirutmosttoshouldermoreinternationalresponsibilitiesandobligations,

providemorepublicsecuritygoods,andcontributemoretoworldpeaceandcommondevelopment.

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