MEHD RHMOVfilologiya zr flsf doktoru, dosentGnc Dvlt Universitetimehdi_rahimov@yahoo.comNGLS DLNN AB VARANTINDA YER ALAN PREDSEDENT ONML EVFEMSTK FRAZEOLOJ VAHDLR HAQQINDAGDUAar szlr: ingilis dili, AB variant, predsedent onim, evfemistik frazeologizmlr : , , , Key words: the English language, American variant, precedent onim, euphemistic phraseological unitsngilis dilinin AB variantnda yer alan evfemistik frazeologizmlr arasnda predsedent onimli ifadlr xsusi maraq dourur. Mlumdur ki, predsedent onim v ya predsedent ad termini son onilliklr dililik dbiyyatnda vst alm intertekstuallq aspektli aradrmalar fonunda meydana xmdr. Predsedent onim anlay tkc xs adlarn (antroponimlri) deyil, predsedent toponimlri, predsedent kosmoqonimlri v s. hat edir. Predsedent onimlr el nv xsusi adlardr ki, onlar zlynd bu v ya digr toplum linqvokulturoloji mhit n hmiyytli olan linqvometaforik kodlama sistemini ehtiva edir. Bel ki, hmin adlar aid olduqlarn dilin dayclarnn tfkkrnd myyn hadis v ya obrazlarla assosiya dourmaqla, dayanql allyuzial fona malik olurlar. Konkret olaraq, predsedent onimlri predsedental fenomenlr kontekstind nzrdn keirmi .V.Zaxarenkonun qeyd etdiyi kimi, rus dilin van Susanin, M.V.Lomonosov, Peorin xs adlar birmnal kild predsedent onim mahiyyti ksb edir [3; 83].ngilis dilind xs adlarnn yer ald frazeoloji vahidlri aradrm L.F. itova bu dildki yeni dvr antroponom komponentli evfemistik frazeologizmlr srasnda polis, polis zabiti anlamn sk etdirn Big John ifadsini qeyd edir. [7; 26]. Big John took her in and hit her with a vice rap. [11; 26].Sosiolinqvistikaya giri adl aradrmasnda A.Davidovi ingilis dilindki Big John ifadsinin slenq tzahr kimi dyrlndirir v onun ilklik baxmndan polis sznn digr slenq qarl olan cop sznndn geri qaldn qeyd edir [12; 149].Antroponim komponentli sosial evfemizm-frazeologizmlrdn sz dmkn masir frazeologiya ltlrinin byk ksriyytind tsbitini tapm [5; 418], [17]; [18]; [19] John Hancock frdi imza v John Q.Public 1) geni publika, 2) adi, sravi amerikal () amerikanizm-frazeologizmlrini d qeyd etmk olar. mza anlamn ifad edn John Hancock amerikanizm-frazeologizminin yksk ilnm tezliyi il seildiyini qeyd etmk olar. Put Your John Hancock on It! [26], Put Your John Hancock Right Here... [27], If you decide to put your John Hancock on a lease at Avalon, be prepared to endure 6 to 12 months of hell. [28], "Excuse me, you forgot to put your John Hancock on the back of this check, so I can't cash it!" [29]. Bu ifadnin etimoloji izah burada tarixi-sosial aquli kontekst faktorunun rol oynadn ortaya qoyur. Bel ki, bu ifad 1737-1793-c illrd yam v z dvrnn n imkanl v eyni zamanda cmiyyt hyatnda aktiv itirak edn vtnprvr xslrindn olan Con Henkokun (John Hancock) [20] AB-n mstqillik byannamsinin altndak imzas il baldr. Con Henkokun imzas Byannamnin altndak imzalar arasnda z hcmin v kalliqrafik zlliklrin gr xsusil seildiyindn zamanla amerikanlarnn tsvvrnd John Hancock ifadsi imza sznn evfemistik sinonimin evrilmidir. Bu sasda to put one's john hancock (hrfi trcmd: z Con Henkokunu qoymaq) imza atmaq, imza qoymaq evfemistik-frazeologizmi meydana xmdr. Put Your John Hancock Here for Natural Gas [30]. Digr ifady glinc burada artq konkret tarixi-sosial aquli kontekst faktndan shbt ged bilmz. Bel ki, John Q. Public predsedent onimi yaradc xsin, konkret olaraq, mhur Amerika karikaturisti V.umaxerin (1902-1991) txyylnn nticsind meydana glmi obraza istinad edir. John Q. Public sradan bir amerikan, kdki adam , mumildirilmi vtnda obrazn ifad edir [21]. If we could draw, wed have John Q. Public, still in Oklahoma, with hat placed across his heart, like a son who just lost a father. [31]; John Q. Public Trying to Determine Where he Fits on the Political Spectrum in America [32]; DA says he wont use SAFE Act against John Q Public [33]. Xatrladaq ki, burada shbt dililik dbiyyatlarnda ekzemplifikant adlandrlan dil hadissindn gedir [6]. Ekzempilifikat adlar (ingilis dilind: Placeholder name [24] bu v ya digr xalqn dilind ilk olan v myyn mumildirm yaradan adlar ehtiva edir. Onlarn say mhdud olur v hmin mumildirm adlar ilnildiyi kontekst gr, filan-filanks, istniln birisi, sradan biri anlamlarn ifad edir. Frqli dil toplumlarnda frqli ekzemplifikat adlar formalar ki, burada da bilavasit tarixi, genealoji faktorlar mhm rol oynayr. Bel ki, msln, Azrbaycan dili n Hsn, Hseyn v ya li, Vli, Pirvli, habel Fatma, Tkzban v s. bu kimi ekzemplifikat adlar sciyyvidir. Tarixi-filoloji v ya tarixi-sosial rtlndirmy glinc Hsn, Hseyn adlarnn mumildirm onimi kimi formalamasnda slam faktoru, konkret olaraq i triqtin aidiyyat faktoru hlledici rol oynad halda, Fatma, Tkzban antroponimlrinin ekzemplifikat adlar kimi formalamasnda, n azndan masir dilimizd yksk ilnm tezliyi il (Banu iklri Fatma-Tkzbanlara evirn slam dinidir, zizlrim. [35]; Fatma-Tkzbanlara geri dnb kiilrimiz. kr daha Anyalara-Sonyalara acgzlkl baxmrlar. burasndadr ki, indi Fatma-Tkzbanlar z kiilrimizi bynmirlr.[36]; Hr ey yava-yava keib gedck, Fatma - Tkzbanlar k gedck.(F.Mmmdli) [37]) seilmsind M..Sabir yaradcl (Tacirlrimiz Snyalara bnd lacaqm, Bdbxt Tkzbanlar nylrdin, ilahi?! (M..Sabir) [38; 46]; Xlamarq bir para nadanlar, ivyi-nisvani-mslmanlar, Nylyirik Fatma-Tkzbanlar?! [38; 249]; Bir frhabad yr yxdur samandan sva, vrt lmaz hsnd Fatma, Tkzbandan sva [38; 256].) mstsna rol oynamdr. Rus dilind oxar mvqelrd vanov, Petrov, Sidorov v ya van vanovi vanov, habel Vasiliy Pupkin, Petya vanov v s. bu kimi ekzempilifikat adlarnn ilkliyi mahid edilmkddir [23]. ngilis dilindki ekzemplifikat adlarn dyrlndirmsi mslsin qaydaraq qeyd edk ki, Fatma, Tkzban v ya Vasya Pupkin kimi myyn peyorativ konnotasiyadan xali olmayan analoqlarndan frqli olaraq, John Q. Public frazeologizmi daha neytrall il seilir. John Q. Public cmiyyt zv, ictimaiyytin nmayndsi (John Q. Public is a representative member of American society. As the the typical man on the street, he is a probabilistic mix of social strata and frequently encountered in policy discussions. [34] v htta da mumildirilmi kild dvltin, toplumun rmzi, z kimi (ms: Mr. and Mrs. John Q. Public suffered no great deprivations Mister v Missis Q.Public ar mhrumiyytlr mruz qalmadlar, yni, Amerika cmiyyti, toplumu mqqtlrl zlmdi) qbul edilir [22]. Qeyd edk ki, John Q.Public ifadsinin mhz, AB linqvokulturoloji mhitind yaranmas onun bilavasit amerikan cmiyyti v american vtnda il zldirilmsin, eyni tutulmasna yol amdr. Bundan frqli olaraq, digr ingilis dili frazeologizm ekzempilifikat adlar haqqnda eyni fikri sslndirl bilmrik. Msln, L.F.itovann da antroponimli frazeologizmlr srasnda nzrdn keirdiyi any Tom, Dick and Harry, every Tom, Dick and Harry [7; 13, 53] ifadlri hm AB, hm d Britaniya ingilisclri n eyni drcd ilkdir v burada konkret corafi blg v ya toplumla laqlndirm, konkret lk ballqla rtlndirm mvcud deyil. Make sure you send out invitations, otherwise you'll have every Tom, Dick and Harry showing up at your party [39]; Every Tom, Dick, & Harry -But Not My Son? [40]. Sradan bir adam, istniln hr bir ks anlamn ifad edn any Tom, Dick and Harry // every Tom, Dick and Harry // Tom, Dick and Harry frazeologizmlrinin kknn Britaniya ingiliscsin v ngiltr il bal olan tarixi-filoloji aquli kontekst gedib xmas burada daha frqli mnzr yaradr. Xatrladaq ki, bu ifad U.ekspir yaradcl il laqlndirilir [13] v hesab edilir ki, dahi dbin frqli srlrind sslndirilmi (Msln, Sirrah, I am sworn brother to a leash of drawers; and can call them all by their christen names, as Tom, Dick, and Francis. (Shakespeare. Henry IV, part 1 | Act 2, Scene 4) [41].) adlar son nticd haqqnda bhs etdiyimiz sosial mzmunlu evfemizm-frazeologizmi meydana xarmdr. lk df txminn 1583-c ild ilnmi olan bu ifad, yalnz XVIII srin I yarsndan etibarn masir frazeoloji anlamna yaxn mnada yksk ilnm tezliyi nmayi etdirmy balamdr [14]. ngilis dilinin AB variantnda yer alan digr v bilavasit Amerika mhiti il bal olan digr ekzempilifikat ad-frazeologizmi kimi Joe Shmoe // Joe Schmoe // Joe Schmo frazeologizmi qeyd ed bilrik. Amerikan ingiliscsind 1.sad, adi bir adam, 2) frsiz, bacarqsz adam anlamn ifad edn (msln, Joe Schmo doesn't really care [15] Joe Schmo frazeoloji vahidi polifunksionalizmi il seilir. Bel ki, adgerent enatiosemiyaya (ngerent v adgerent enantiosemiya il bal daha trafl bax: [8; 79-80].) malik olduundan, yni aid olduu kontekstdn asl olaraq hm mnfi, hm d msbt konnotasiyalar ifad ed bildiyin gr, biz, Joe Schmo frazeologizmini yalnz evfemizm kimi sciyylndir bilmrik. Bel ki, daha nc tqdim edilmi nmundn d aydn kild grndy kimi, bu frazeologizm ilnm mvqeyin gr tam antonimik mahiyyt ksb ed bilr, yni disfemizm mvqeyind x ed bilr. Bu mqamda bir qdr hayy xb qeyd etmk istrdik ki, istr Joe Schmo, istr irlid izlycyimiz Average Joe v habel daha nc nzrdn keirdiyimiz bzi sosial mahiyytli evfemizm-frazeologizmlrin nmunsind ahid olduumuz kimi, evfemiya v disfemiya hadislri arasnda srhd yayndr v myyn kontekst rivsind bu faktlardan biri digrinin mvqeyind x ed bilr. Bu mnada biz, evfemiya v disfemiyan dinamik nitq dixotomiyas kimi sciyylndirmi T.V.Boykonun yanamas il razlamaya bilmrik (bu bard daha trafl bax: [2]. Maraqldr ki, Schmo sznn z idi dilindn mnimsnilmi olan (di dilind shmok sz peyorativdir v o, ingilis dilin mnimsnilrkn tkc formetik deyil, semantik deformasiyaya da mruz qalmdr [25].) peyorativ istinad ets d, Joe Schmo ifadsi ksr mnblrd sradan bir amerikal (a hypothetical ordinary man Joe Schmoe) [15], daha ox aa tbqnin nmayndsi olan, zabke amerikal obraznn canlandrlmas n istifad edilir. Baqa szl desk, bu ifad kontekstind ilkin semantikann myyn mnada yaxlamas mahid edilmkddir. You enter a strange land, Joe Schmoe, finding yourself on a snowy plateau with some other stranded exiles. How long have they been here? [42]; I'm not your average MC with the Joe Schmoe flow If you don't know me by now, you'll never know Stepping on my critics, beating on my foes [43]. Onu da qeyd edk ki, Joe antroponim komponentli frazeoloji vahidlr arasnda oxar semantikaya malik digr evfemizm-frazeologizm da maraq dourur. Shbt xsusi olaraq he n il frqlnmyn, hr hans bir lahidd bacar olmayan sradan bir xs, vtnda, frd (An average Joe is an ordinary person without anything exceptional about them. [9] anlamn ifad edn average Joe frazeoloji vahidindn gedir. Grndy kimi, mnann aqlamas burada myyn neqativ konnotasiyann olduunu dnmy svq edir. Mhz, bu baxmdan hmin semantik mvqed average Joe frazeologizminin ildil bilmsi hmin ifadni evfemistik frazeologizm statusuna qaldrr. Nmunlr diqqt edk: Incoming Members of Congress Not Exactly Average Joes [44], The average Joe is geared towards the things that makes surfing fun. [45 ]; Joe Lunchpail Is not the Average Joe Citizen He Claims to Be [46]. Nmunlrdn d aydn kild grndy kimi, average Joe frazeologizmi he bir iddias olmayan, slind he bir iddiaya yol ver bilck xsusi intellektual, maddi gstricilr malik olmayan sradan, orta statistik amerikal obraznn evfemistik ifadsi n istifad edilir. With the rise of the Tea Party movement, the image of Average Joe Citizen taking over Congress has captured the medias imagination, from rural northern Florida, which sent a large-animal veterinarian, Ted Yoho, to the House, to eastern Michigan, which elected a reindeer farmer and Santa Claus impersonator, Kerry Bentivolio [44]. Bir ox halda mhur adamlarn hyat v faliyytinin rhi kontekstind average Joe ifadsinin ildilmsi onlarn da sradan biri kimi qay v problemlrl qarladn, oxar msuliyytlrdn (msln, ail msuliyyti v s.) knar olmadn vurulamaq n istifad edilir. Msln, ingilis dilinin AB variantnda meydana glmsin baxmayaraq Britaniya media diskursunda aktiv kild istifad ediln bu ifadnin bir ilnm mvqeyin diqqt edk. Bel ki, ingilis futbol ulduzu, z sahsind n zngin insanlardan saylan Devid Bekham haqqnda oxuyuruq: Funny. He looks a kind of average Joe when you take him away from the celebs and he's with regular folk. [46]. AB cmiyyti daxilind sosial stratifikasiyada, yni sinif sciyylndirmsind average Joe ifadsi orta sinfin aa tbqsinin v elc d fhl sinfinin sciyylndirilmsi n istifd ediln digr sosiolinqvistik terminlr srasnda yer alr. Msln, nmuny diqqt yetirk: The terms average Joe, ordinary Joe, Joe Sixpack (for males) and ordinary, average, or plain Jane (for females), are used primarily in North America to refer to a completely average person, typically an average American. [10].Tqdim ediln nmunlr frazeoloji evfemiklmnin bu v ya digr sbblrdn dolay uyunsuz saylan v ya yersiz grnn, kobud olan szlrin vzlnmsi kimi meydana xdn v onlarn (evfemistik frazeologizmlrin) kontekstual transformasiya, obrazllq, konnotativ imkanlarn yksk kisi i seildiyini yanilikl ortaya qoyur [1; 9]. Nzrdn keirdiyimiz sosial intensiyal amerikanizm-frazeologizmlr bu nv ifadlr n vacib olan chti danann v dinlynin tsvvrnd denotatn zndn frqli olaraq, daha msbt ya/xs v ya hadis il assosiasiya yarada bilm [4; 5] bacarn tam dolunluu il ks etdirmilr. DBYYAT1. .. - , ...., , 2012, 24 c. 2. .. , ..., -, 2005, http://cheloveknauka.com/evfemiya-i-disfemiya-v-gazetnom-tekste3. .. // , , : . / . .. , .. . - .: , 1997. . 1. - 192 . (c.82-103). http://www.philol.msu.ru/~slavphil/books/jsk_01_08zacharenko_et.pdf4. .. : . - .: - . .. , 1988. - 80 5. .. - , .: , 1984, 944 .6. http://www.tramvision.ru/words/exemplificant.htm7. .. (Proper name idioms and Their Origins), -: , 2013, 192 .8. ..- // . .,1998. 4. . 79-809. Average Joe // The small dictionary of idiomes. 2014. http://small_idioms.enacademic.com/187/average_joe10. Average Joe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Average_Joe11. Big John http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/big+John12. Davidovich A. Introduction to Sociolinguistics, Published by John Benjamins Pub Co, 1986 https://books.google.az/ 13. every Tom, Dick, and Harry http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/every+Tom,+Dick,+and+Harry14. Every Tom, Dick, and Harry // The American Heritage, Dictionary of Idioms by Christine Ammer http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/every+Tom,+Dick,+and+Harry15. Joe Schmo // - http://translate.academic.ru/Joe%20Schmo/en/ru/116. Joe Schmoe http://useful_english.enacademic.com/605914/Joe_Schmoe17. John Hancock // McGraw-Hill's Dictionary of American Slang and Colloquial Expressions http://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/John+Hancock18. John Hancock // http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/john%20hancock 19. John Hancock // - . 2001. http://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus_apresyan/52159/john20. John Hancock http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hancock21. John Q. Public http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Q._Public22. John Q. Public http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/john%20q.%20public23. List of placeholder names by language http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_placeholder_names_by_language24. Placeholder name http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placeholder_name25. Schmuk http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=schmuckMNBLR26. http://www.wileyrein.com/publications.cfm?sp=articles&id=472127. http://www.theangryofficemanager.com/2009/09/re-put-your-john-hancock-right-here.html28. http://www.apartmentratings.com/or/gresham/avalon-apartments_503665977197030/review-967207/29. http://www.americanidiom.us/2013/07/your-john-hancock.html30. http://energyindepth.org/marcellus/put-your-john-hancock-here-for-natural-gas/31. http://newsok.com/goodbye-jim-our-hats-are-off-for-58-year-cartoonist/article/3362681?custom_click=pod_headline_opinion-oklahoman-editorials32. http://www.thenation.com/article/168129/john-q-public-trying-determine-where-he-fits-political-spectrum-america33. http://www.orleanshub.com/news/DA-says-he-wont-prosecute-SAFE-Act-against-John-Q-Public.html34. http://www.babynamewizard.com/archives/2014/6/the-names-of-the-nameless-move-over-john-doe-and-john-q-public35. http://kult.az/yeni/view/5961#sthash.9VgGPEoJ.dpuf 36. http://old.525.az/view.php?lang=az&menu=6&id=4190&type=137. http://www.azyb.net/cgi-bin/jurn/main.cgi?id=54438. Sabir M.. Hphpnam. ki cildd. I cild. Bak, rqQrb, 2004, 480 s.39. http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/language/theenglishwespeak/2013/02/130219_tews_111_every_tom_dick_and_harry.shtml40. https://h2ooflife.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/every-tom-dick-harry.pdf41. Shakespeare Henry IV, part 1 | Act 2, Scene 4 http://shakespeare.mit.edu/1henryiv/1henryiv.2.4.html42. http://www.reddit.com/r/pathofexile/comments/2s2r5q/immaculate_hideout_joe_schmoe_vs_the_volcano/43. http://genius.com/618647/A-tribe-called-quest-we-can-get-down/Im-not-your-average-mc-with-the-joe-schmoe-flow)44. http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/16/incoming-members-of-congress-not-exactly-average-joes/?_r=045. http://www.cisurfboards.com/surfboards/average-joe/46. http://fusion.net/video/3097/joe-lunchpail-is-not-the-average-joe-citizen-he-claims-to-be/47. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2960528/Doting-dad-David-Beckham-enthusiastically-cheers-son-Romeo-scores-goal-Arsenal-s-academy-team.html , , . , (John Hancock , to put one's john hancock ), , (Big John, John Q. Public, average Joe, ordinary Joe, Joe Schmo)

SummaryABOUT EUPHEMISTICAL PHRASES WITH PRECEDENT ONIMSEXISTING IN AMERICAN ENGLISHThe research work investigates the euphemistic idioms with precedent onims existing in American English. The author concludes that some precedent onims in this kind of phraseologisms are based on real historical figures (John Hancock "imza", to put one's john hancock), and in some of them there are precedents onims having generalizing nature, i.e. placeholder name (Big John, John Q. Public, average Joe, ordinary Joe, Joe Schmo)Ryi: filol.flsf doktoru, dosent Zahir Mdi lkbr qz liyeva1