27-10-2017

1

2015 Final Heating & Cooling

Demand in Poland

Country presentation

October 2017

Context of Poland

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk

27-10-2017

2

General context

• Population [1]:

38 million • 7.5% of EU28

• GDP [1]:

411 billion EUR • 3.15% of EU28

• Heating degree days[2] :

3,113 HDDs/year • 8th coldest of EU28

• 4th coldest among the 14 HRE countries

Heat Demand Atlas (major population centres are visible [HRE4, 2013]

1. DG Energy’s 2014 data from the Poland datasheet (2016)

2. Eurostat’s 2015 data on HDDs in Poland (2016)

General context – Energy intensity

• Total final energy demand (FED) [3]:

724 TWh• 5.7% of EU28

• 6th highest of EU28 and HRE14

• FED per capita :

19 MWh/Capita• 22nd of EU28

• 13th highest of HRE14

• Final energy from renewable sources [4] :

85.3 TWh• 11.8% of total FED

• 21th highest share of EU28

• 11th highest share of HRE14

• Final energy from renewable sources for H&C [4]:

57.5 TWh• 14.3% of the total H&C

• 20th highest share of EU28

• 10th highest share of HRE14

3. Eurostat’s 2015 data on annual energy quantities in Poland

4. Eurostat’s RES Shares 2015 results

Heat Demand Atlas (major population centres are visible [HRE4, 2013]

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk

27-10-2017

3

Climate and emissions

• Poland has committed to not increase its

GHG emissions by more than 14%[5] by

2020, compared with 2005

Carbon per capita[kg CO2/person]

Carbon per GDP[ton CO2/billion EUR]

Carbon Emission per tone of energy

carrier (carbonintensity)[kg CO2/toe]

8,221 774 3,314

6th highestamong the 14 HRE

The highest among the 14 HRE

The highestamong the 14 HRE

2014 data [1]

1. DG Energy’s 2014 data from the Poland datasheet (2016)

5. Official Journal of the European Union, Decision No 406 (2009)

Current national energy situation

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk

27-10-2017

4

Heating and cooling

56%

Non-H&C44%

Poland: H&C energy by purposes

• H&C comprises 56% of Poland’s final energy demand.

• Very little cooling process needs, but very high need for space and process heating

Final energy demand for Poland(724 TWh)

Poland H&C (403 TWh)

Process heating

33%

Space heating54%

Hot water6%

Other heating5%

Process coolin…

Space cooling0%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

AT

BE

CZ

FI

FR

DE

HU

IT

NL

PL

RO

ES

SE

UK

Final energy [TWh]

Space heating Hot water Process heating

Other heating Process cooling Space cooling

14 HRE: H&C energy by purposes

• Poland has the 5th highest final energy demand for H&C among the 14 HRE countries.

Poland H&C (403 TWh)

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk

27-10-2017

5

42%

12%

12%

12%

9%

8%

4%

1%0% 0% Gas Oil

Biomass Electricity

District heating Coal

Others (fossil) Solar thermal

Heat pumps Others (RES)

H&C energy by energy carriers

• Poland accounts for 6% of the EU28’s totaldelivered H&C demand.

• Compared to the EU28, it uses less gasand oil, but much more coal.

Poland H&C (403 TWh)

EU28 H&C (6352 TWh)

31%

27%

16%

11%

7%

4%4%

0% 0% 0%

0

50

100

150

200

250

Industry Residential Services

Fin

al e

ne

rgy [

TW

h]

Solar thermal

Others (RES)

Others (fossil)

Oil

Heat pumps (electric)

Gas

Electricity

District heating

Coal

Biomass

0

50

100

150

200

250

Industry Residential Services

Fin

al e

ne

rgy [

TW

h]

Space heating

Space cooling

Process heating

Process cooling

Hot water

Other heating

Sectors by purposes and energy carriers

• Polish industries are overwhelmingly dominated by

process heating, other sectors by space heating.

• All sectors rely much on fossil fuels, especially coal

and gas, while the residential sector also relies

significantly on district heating and biomass.

143 TWh

205 TWh

55 TWh

143 TWh

205 TWh

55 TWh

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk

27-10-2017

6

Industry sub-sectors by H&C purposes

• Polish industry is dominated by higher temperature heating

processes.

• Most of this is used for the metals industry, (petro-)chemicals and

non-metallic minerals.

Polish industry(143 TWh)

13%

21%

10%

46%

6%

0%1%

1% 2%

Process heating <100 °C

Process heating 100-200 °C

Process heating 200-500 °C

Process heating >500 °C

Space heating

Space cooling

Process cooling <-30 °C

Process cooling-30-0 °C

Process cooling 0-15 °C

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Fin

al e

ne

rgy [

TW

h]

Industry sub-sectors by energy carriers

• To attain such high temperatures, Polish industry relies mostly on

fossil fuels.

• The Iron and Steel, (Petro-)Chemical, non-metallic minerals and

food, beverages and tobacco industries are the ones that more

relies on coal and gas

Polish industry(205 TWh)

9%

30%

6%6%

31%

5%

12%

1%0%

Biomass

Coal

District heating

Electricity

Gas

Oil

Others (fossil)

Others (RES)

Solar thermal

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Fin

al E

ne

rgy [

TW

h]

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk

27-10-2017

7

Industry Space Heating

• Polish Industry uses mostly gas for space heating,

although they use some district heating and oil too

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Fin

al e

ne

rgy [

TW

h]

Process cooling 0-15 °C

Process cooling -30-0 °C

Process cooling <-30 °C

Space cooling

Space heating

Process heating >500 °C

Process heating 200-500 °C

Process heating 100-200 °C

Process heating <100 °C

Residential sub-sectors by energy carriers

• Polish households use mostly fossil fuels (coal and gas) for H&C, but there is also a significant use of district heating and biomass.

• Single-family homes lead the way in coal, biomass and gas (for space heating).

• Multi-family homes are the primary market for district heating.

Polish households (205 TWh)

26%

36%

22%

21%

14%

6%

0%0%

0%

Coal

District heating

Gas

Biomass

Electricity

Oil

Solar thermal

Heat pumps

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Spacecooling

Other heating Hot waterSFH

Spaceheating SFH

Hot waterMFH

Spaceheating MFH

Fin

al e

ne

rgy [

TW

h]

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk

27-10-2017

8

Service sub-sectors by H&C purposes

• Space heating is definitely the main concern for Poland’s

service sector.

• Their only significant cooling needs are from wholesale and

retail trade, and some from hospitality facilities.

Polish services(55 TWh)

3%

3%1%

85%

5%

Process heating

Process cooling

Space cooling

Space heating

Hot water

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Fin

al e

ne

rgy [

TW

h]

Service sectors by energy carriers

• Poland’s service sector relies mostly on gas and district

heating, with significant use of coal and electricity too.

• Almost all heating demand is for space heating.

• All cooling, and process heating, are powered by electricity

only.

Polish services(55 TWh)

36%

22%

14%

11%

9%

5%

2%

1% 0%

0%Gas

District heating

Coal

Electricity

Oil

Biomass

Solar thermal

Heat pumps

Others (fossil)

Others (RES)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Poland Poland Poland Poland Poland

Hot water Spaceheating

Processheating

Space cooling Processcooling

Fin

al e

ne

rgy [

TW

h]

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk

27-10-2017

9

Excess heat sources

• The biggest concentration of

excess heat sources are located

in the central and south regions

of Poland.

Excess Heat Atlas [HRE4, 2013]

• Excess Heat:

At least 289 Twh*

• Would completely cover the final energy demand for Space heating and Hot water in Poland (242 TWh)

* Calculated from the 136 biggest facilities in Poland, using Peta 4.2

Heat Synergy Regions

• 10 regions present a

very high potential for

district heating

• Other 10 regions

present a high

potential for district

heating

Excess Heat Atlas [HRE4, 2013]

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk

27-10-2017

10

Main references cited

1. DG Energy’s 2014 data from the Polish datasheet (2016)

2. Eurostat’s 2015 data on HDDs (2016)

3. Eurostat’s 2015 data on annual energy quantities

4. Eurostat’s RES Shares 2015 results

5. Official Journal of the European Union, Decision No 406 (2009)

This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no 695989. The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with its author and in no way reflects the views of the European Union.

Web: www.heatroadmap.eu Twitter: @HeatRoadmapEU

Project Coordinator: Brian Vad Mathiesen E-mail: bvm@plan.aau.dk