2014/15 Stakeholder Engagement Report
32
Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report 2014/15
Transcript of 2014/15 Stakeholder Engagement Report
Stakeholder Engagement
Annual Report
2014/15
“Local Communities can help shape decision-making around CCS projects. Therefore wider public support for this emerging
technology is crucial.” - Jonathan Lash: President, World Resource Institute
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15
This Report was compiled by: SACCCS Stakeholder Engagement Team
Stakeholder Engagement Lead : Polly ModikoStakeholder Engagement Analyst : Wiseman Ngcobo Junior Stakeholder Engagement Analyst : Tshilidzi TshivhaseJunior Stakeholder Engagement Analyst : Rofhiwa Raselavhe
“Local Communities can help shape decision-making around CCS projects. Therefore wider public support for this emerging
technology is crucial.” - Jonathan Lash: President, World Resource Institute
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15
This Report was compiled by: SACCCS Stakeholder Engagement Team
Stakeholder Engagement Lead : Polly ModikoStakeholder Engagement Analyst : Wiseman Ngcobo Junior Stakeholder Engagement Analyst : Tshilidzi TshivhaseJunior Stakeholder Engagement Analyst : Rofhiwa Raselavhe
Figure 1: Potential Sites for CO storage in South Africa................................................................ 12
Figure 2: The Sleipner CCS Project ............................................................................................... 2Figure 3: SACCCS Stakeholder Segmentation ............................................................................. 3Figure 4: SACCCS Stakeholder Engagement Work Theme ......................................................... 4Figure 5 : Monitoring Facility at SaskPower CCS Project .............................................................. 5Figure 6 : Delegates attending the GHGT 12 Conference ............................................................. 6Figure 7 : Sci-Bono Discovery Centre in Johannesburg ................................................................ 7Figure 8 : Mindset Broadcasting Network ...................................................................................... 7Figure 9 : WESSA’s Eco-Schools programme ............................................................................... 7Figure 10 : CO Trapping Mechanisms ........................................................................................... 82
Figure 11: SACCCS stand during the 2014 Climate Change Dialogue ......................................... 8Figure 12 : SACCCS SE Team during the 2015 Africa Energy Indaba .......................................... 9Figure 13 : Wall mounted CCS Interactive Educational Display .................................................... 9Figure 14 : Potential Sites for the Natural CO Release Pilot Monitoring Project .......................... 102
Figure 16 : Potential Sites for CO storage within the Algoa basin in the Eastern Cape ............... 112
Figure 17 : Lake Nyos in Northen Cameroon ................................................................................. 12Figure 18 : Arnot Power Station in South Africa ............................................................................ 12Figure 19 : Richards Bay Coal Terminal in KwaZulu Natal ............................................................. 13Figure 20 : A flower representing the country’s biodiversity ........................................................... 13Figure 21 : South African Saline Aquirers map ............................................................................. 14Figure 22 : Schematic representation of geological storage depth of CO .................................... 152
Figure 23 : South Africa’s reliance on fossil fuels ........................................................................... 16Figure 24 : Global CO emissions .................................................................................................. 172
Figure 25 : COEGA Industrial Development Zone in Port Elizabeth .............................................. 18Figure 26 : Schwarze Pumpe Plant in Germany ............................................................................ 19Figure 27 : National House of Traditional Leaders Representative .............................................. 20Figure 28 : The Umtamvuna River in Bizana area, Eastern Cape .................................................. 21Figure 15 : Rural dwellings in Mbizana Local Municipality ............................................................. 22
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15
List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................. i List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................. ii 1. South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage .......................................................... 11.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Rationale for CCS in South Africa .................................................................................... 11.3. Global Status of CCS ....................................................................................................... 21.4. Regulatory Framework ..................................................................................................... 21.5. Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................................. 21.5.1. Contextualisation ........................................................................................................... 21.5.2 . Key Messages ............................................................................................................... 2 1.5.3. Stakeholder Engagement Analysis ............................................................................... 31.5.4. Stakeholder Engagement Objectives............................................................................. 41.5.5. Methods of Engagement ............................................................................................... 4
2 SE Work Theme .................................................................................................................. 42.1. General CCS & Communications ...................................................................................... 42.1.1. Global Experience ......................................................................................................... 52.1.1.1. SaskPower Symposium Conference .......................................................................... 5
th2.1.1.2. The 12 Greenhouse Gas Technology Conference ................................................... 52.1.2. Summary of General CCS & Communication Stakeholder Engagement ..................... 62.2. PCSP - Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................ 102.2.1. Background ................................................................................................................. 102.2.2. Pilot CO Monitoring Capacity Building Project ............................................................ 102
2.2.3. Summary of PCSP Stakeholder Engagement Meetings ............................................. 10
5. Future Plans ...................................................................................................................... 236. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 23
Table of Contents List of Figures
Figure 1: Potential Sites for CO storage in South Africa................................................................ 12
Figure 2: The Sleipner CCS Project ............................................................................................... 2Figure 3: SACCCS Stakeholder Segmentation ............................................................................. 3Figure 4: SACCCS Stakeholder Engagement Work Theme ......................................................... 4Figure 5 : Monitoring Facility at SaskPower CCS Project .............................................................. 5Figure 6 : Delegates attending the GHGT 12 Conference ............................................................. 6Figure 7 : Sci-Bono Discovery Centre in Johannesburg ................................................................ 7Figure 8 : Mindset Broadcasting Network ...................................................................................... 7Figure 9 : WESSA’s Eco-Schools programme ............................................................................... 7Figure 10 : CO Trapping Mechanisms ........................................................................................... 82
Figure 11: SACCCS stand during the 2014 Climate Change Dialogue ......................................... 8Figure 12 : SACCCS SE Team during the 2015 Africa Energy Indaba .......................................... 9Figure 13 : Wall mounted CCS Interactive Educational Display .................................................... 9Figure 14 : Potential Sites for the Natural CO Release Pilot Monitoring Project .......................... 102
Figure 16 : Potential Sites for CO storage within the Algoa basin in the Eastern Cape ............... 112
Figure 17 : Lake Nyos in Northen Cameroon ................................................................................. 12Figure 18 : Arnot Power Station in South Africa ............................................................................ 12Figure 19 : Richards Bay Coal Terminal in KwaZulu Natal ............................................................. 13Figure 20 : A flower representing the country’s biodiversity ........................................................... 13Figure 21 : South African Saline Aquirers map ............................................................................. 14Figure 22 : Schematic representation of geological storage depth of CO .................................... 152
Figure 23 : South Africa’s reliance on fossil fuels ........................................................................... 16Figure 24 : Global CO emissions .................................................................................................. 172
Figure 25 : COEGA Industrial Development Zone in Port Elizabeth .............................................. 18Figure 26 : Schwarze Pumpe Plant in Germany ............................................................................ 19Figure 27 : National House of Traditional Leaders Representative .............................................. 20Figure 28 : The Umtamvuna River in Bizana area, Eastern Cape .................................................. 21Figure 15 : Rural dwellings in Mbizana Local Municipality ............................................................. 22
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15
List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................. i List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................. ii 1. South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage .......................................................... 11.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Rationale for CCS in South Africa .................................................................................... 11.3. Global Status of CCS ....................................................................................................... 21.4. Regulatory Framework ..................................................................................................... 21.5. Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................................. 21.5.1. Contextualisation ........................................................................................................... 21.5.2 . Key Messages ............................................................................................................... 2 1.5.3. Stakeholder Engagement Analysis ............................................................................... 31.5.4. Stakeholder Engagement Objectives............................................................................. 41.5.5. Methods of Engagement ............................................................................................... 4
2 SE Work Theme .................................................................................................................. 42.1. General CCS & Communications ...................................................................................... 42.1.1. Global Experience ......................................................................................................... 52.1.1.1. SaskPower Symposium Conference .......................................................................... 5
th2.1.1.2. The 12 Greenhouse Gas Technology Conference ................................................... 52.1.2. Summary of General CCS & Communication Stakeholder Engagement ..................... 62.2. PCSP - Stakeholder Engagement ................................................................................ 102.2.1. Background ................................................................................................................. 102.2.2. Pilot CO Monitoring Capacity Building Project ............................................................ 102
2.2.3. Summary of PCSP Stakeholder Engagement Meetings ............................................. 10
5. Future Plans ...................................................................................................................... 236. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................... 23
Table of Contents List of Figures
ADDO ADDO Elephant Park AgriSA Federation of Agricultural Organisations in South Africa Amafa Amafa KZN Heritage Agency APP Annual Performance PlanAVs Audio-VisualsBECCS Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and StorageCCS Carbon Capture and Storage CDM Cacadu District Municipality CDMech Clean Development MechanismsCER Centre for Environmental RightsCO Carbon Dioxide2
COEGA COEGA Industrial Development ZoneCoGTA Cooperative Governance & Traditional AffairsDAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesDBE Department of Basic EducationDEDEAT Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs & TourismDMR Department of Mineral ResourceDoE Department of EnergyDRDLR Department of Rural Development and Land ReformDW&S Department of Water & SanitationEC Eastern CapeENGOs Environmental Non Government OrganizationsEKZN Ezemvelo KZN WildLifeGHGT Greenhouse Gas Technologies ICAP Integrated Communications Action PlanIDTT Interdepartmental Task TeamIEAGHG International Energy Agency Greenhouse GasI&APs Interested and Affected Parties
Acronyms
ITB Ingonyama Trust Board
KPAs Key Performance Areas
KZN KwaZulu-Natal
MDTTT Multi-Disciplinary Technical Task Team
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
NatLoc Plans National and Local Plans (Initiating Stakeholder Engagement)
NMBM Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
NUM National Union for Mineworkers
Orion Orion Chemical
PCEC Provincial Committee for Environmental Coordination
PCSP Pilot CO Storage Project2
PNCP Petra Nova Carbon Capture Project
PSP Pilot Schools Project
Pta PretoriaSACCCS South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage
SALGA South African Local Government Authority
SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute
SANEDI South African National Development Institute
SANParks South African National Parks
SE Stakeholder Engagement
SRVM Sundays River Valley Local Municipality
TAs Traditional Authorities
UKDM UMkhanyakude District Municipality
UMHLM UMhlabuyalingana Local Municipality
WA West Australia
WESSA Wildlife and Environmental Society of South Africa
WGB World Bank Group
WRI World Resource Institute
Acronyms
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/14South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15i ii
ADDO ADDO Elephant Park AgriSA Federation of Agricultural Organisations in South Africa Amafa Amafa KZN Heritage Agency APP Annual Performance PlanAVs Audio-VisualsBECCS Bio-Energy with Carbon Capture and StorageCCS Carbon Capture and Storage CDM Cacadu District Municipality CDMech Clean Development MechanismsCER Centre for Environmental RightsCO Carbon Dioxide2
COEGA COEGA Industrial Development ZoneCoGTA Cooperative Governance & Traditional AffairsDAFF Department of Agriculture, Forestry and FisheriesDBE Department of Basic EducationDEDEAT Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs & TourismDMR Department of Mineral ResourceDoE Department of EnergyDRDLR Department of Rural Development and Land ReformDW&S Department of Water & SanitationEC Eastern CapeENGOs Environmental Non Government OrganizationsEKZN Ezemvelo KZN WildLifeGHGT Greenhouse Gas Technologies ICAP Integrated Communications Action PlanIDTT Interdepartmental Task TeamIEAGHG International Energy Agency Greenhouse GasI&APs Interested and Affected Parties
Acronyms
ITB Ingonyama Trust Board
KPAs Key Performance Areas
KZN KwaZulu-Natal
MDTTT Multi-Disciplinary Technical Task Team
MoU Memorandum of Understanding
NatLoc Plans National and Local Plans (Initiating Stakeholder Engagement)
NMBM Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality
NUM National Union for Mineworkers
Orion Orion Chemical
PCEC Provincial Committee for Environmental Coordination
PCSP Pilot CO Storage Project2
PNCP Petra Nova Carbon Capture Project
PSP Pilot Schools Project
Pta PretoriaSACCCS South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage
SALGA South African Local Government Authority
SANBI South African National Biodiversity Institute
SANEDI South African National Development Institute
SANParks South African National Parks
SE Stakeholder Engagement
SRVM Sundays River Valley Local Municipality
TAs Traditional Authorities
UKDM UMkhanyakude District Municipality
UMHLM UMhlabuyalingana Local Municipality
WA West Australia
WESSA Wildlife and Environmental Society of South Africa
WGB World Bank Group
WRI World Resource Institute
Acronyms
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/14South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15i ii
1. South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage
The South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage (SACCCS) is a division of the South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI), a Schedule 3A entity under the Department of Energy (DoE). SACCCS is a collaborative research organisation launched in 2009 to further the technical understanding of the potential for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in South Africa.
CCS is one of the seven Flagship Programmes in the National Climate Change Response Strategy White Paper released late in 2011 and the CCS Roadmap has been endorsed by the South African Cabinet in 2012.
SACCCS is mandated by the DoE to:
Ÿ Conduct CCS research and development.Ÿ Undertake CCS capacity building (Human & Technical).Ÿ Collaborate with the national, provincial and local Government
structures and international bodies regarding CCS.Ÿ Undertake any other CCS or CCS related activities as requested
by the Steering Committee and approved by the SANEDI Board. Ÿ Execute a CCS public outreach programme, including
awareness raising for CCS and CCS related activities to key stakeholders.
The National & Local (Nat - Loc) Stakeholder Engagement Plans developed by the national and international consortia funded by the World Bank Group (WBG) and endorsed by the DoE provide the guiding strategy for the Stakeholder Engagement (SE) Work Theme. During 2014/15, SE Outreach activities have progressed exponentially to an extent that the Integrated Communications Action Plans were split into General CCS & Communications and the Pilot CO Storage Project (PCSP). 2
1.1. Introduction
Figure 1: The Atlas on Geological Storage of CO in South Africa 2
developed in 2010.
Two further large-scale CCS projects in the power sector are under construction in the United States (US) – at Mississippi Power's Kemper County Energy Facility in Mississippi and the Petra Nova Carbon Capture Project at NRG Energy's West Australia (W.A). Parish power station in Texas. These are expected to be commissioned in 2015 and 2016 respectively .
The Sleipner project started operating in 1996 and is the longest running CCS project in the world whih stores C0 deep below the 2
ocean floor, 800-1000m under the North Sea. The Wyburn-Midale Project captures the CO from natural gas production and stores it in 2
Canada.
1.3. Global Status of CCS
Figure 2: The Sleipner Carbon Capture and Storage Project, the world first large-scale CCS Project.Image Source: Statoil
Currently, South Africa does not have CCS-specific regulations in place. However, there are national laws that can be amended to support CCS. The International Energy Agency (IEA), DoE and SACCCS hosted a CCS legal and regulatory workshop in 2011 and an Inter-department Task Team (IDTT) was established. The forum is working towards establishing a common policy position for South Africa on CCS and ensures that it takes account of all relevant government departments and stakeholders given its cross-cutting nature. The IDTT consists of the Department of Energy, Water & Sanitation, Mineral Resources and Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries.
1.4. Regulatory Framework
South Africa has strong requirements for Stakeholder Engagement which are conducted as an integral part of environmental authorisation processes. For CCS, implementing best practices for engagement in addition to complying with public participation and engagement rules is a key recommendation because of the new and complex nature of the CCS process.
Stakeholder Engagement activities are informed by the World Resource Institute (WRI) Principles listed below:Ÿ Prepare communities before engaging. Ÿ Determine what level of engagement is needed. Ÿ Integrate community engagement into each phase of the project
cycle. Ÿ Include the traditionally excluded stakeholders. Ÿ Gain free, prior, and informed consent. Ÿ Resolve community grievances through dialogue. Ÿ Promote participatory monitoring by local communities.
1.5. Stakeholder Engagement 1.2. Rationale for CCS in South Africa
For close to a decade it has been understood that South Africa has potential to implement CCS as part of a portfolio of carbon dioxide (CO ) mitigation technologies to help address CO emissions from 2 2
large point sources such as power plants and industrial facilities. Coal fuels contribute over 90% of the country's electricity production, making the country a significant emitter of CO based on values that 2
can be derived for emissions intensity and emissions per capita.
Going forward, the major milestones for CCS development in South Africa are:Ÿ 2004 - Assessment of the potential for CCS in South Africa
(Complete).Ÿ 2010 - The Atlas on geological storage of CO in South Africa 2
(Complete). Ÿ 2017 - Pilot CO Storage Project (Storing between 10 – 50 000 2
tonnes of Co ). 2
Ÿ 2020 - CCS demonstration plant (Storing in the order of 100 000 thousand tonnes of CO per year).2
Ÿ 2025+ - Commercial CCS deployment (Storing over 1 million tonnes of CO per year). 2
The milestones of the South African CCS Roadmap are dependent on finding suitable geological formations for CO 2
storage, acceptance by the affected communities as well as receiving sufficient financial and technical support from the Government, industry and international stakeholders.
CO storage has been occurring at large scales (individual 2
projects storing one million tonnes of CO per year) since 2
1996. Since then five projects have operated at this scale - two in Norway, one in the USA, and the one that captures CO from the USA and stores it in Canada, as well as one in 2
Algeria. There are also a number of large scale projects complete/under construction in Canada and Australia. In addition to the commercial scale projects there are over sixty smaller scale pilot and demonstration projects operating in North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia. In total these projects store in the order of seven million tonnes of CO per year with over seventy 2
million tonnes of CO stored in total since 1996. 2
The commencement of CCS operations at SaskPower's Boundary Dam coal-fired power station in October 2014 is a significant step towards CCS. The Boundary Dam Integrated Carbon Capture & Sequestration Demonstration Project represents the first example of applying CCS in a power station at large scale and will provide important learnings for future projects as well as a clear demonstration that CCS is a real option to greatly reduce CO emissions from the power sector.2
The SE Work Theme presents the key considerations for public and stakeholder engagement regarding the deployment of CCS in South Africa. For CCS to be fully considered as part of South Africa's energy strategy, and climate change mitigation actions, stakeholders must be engaged and provided with information about the basic principles around the CCS technology as well as benefits and potential risks of its application. This information must be given at National, Provincial and Local levels including the traditionally excluded stakeholders such as Environmental Non-government Organisations (ENGOs) and Labour Unions.
CCS remains a relatively unknown and poorly understood technology among the publics. Public acceptance is key to successful permitting and the deployment of CCS technology.
In view of the above, ongoing public outreach and education pre-, during and post-PCSP will continue to play a pivotal role.
Rapport has been established with the relevant National, Provincial and Local structures. Key messages were developed and are supported by a wide variety of communications materials. Stakeholders are afforded an opportunity to raise concerns/issues and these are captured in the Issues/concerns Logbook.
1.5.1. Contextualization
1.5.2. Key Messages
The following key messages are conveyed consistently to ensure that stakeholders are well informed before the commencement of the Pilot Project:Ÿ Project Description. Ÿ Rationale for the project.Ÿ Drawing experience from execution of the CCS
projects.Ÿ Sharing potential sites/location.Ÿ Benefits and inherent Risks.Ÿ Schedule: South African CCS Roadmap.Ÿ Likelihood of small number of jobs will be created
during the Project.Ÿ Water table/use.Ÿ Environment – adhering to the requisite statutes.Ÿ Energy costs/ Economics.Ÿ Liability.
“Complying with public participation and engagement rules is a key recommendation
because of the new and complex nature of the CCS process.”
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/151 2
1. South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage
The South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage (SACCCS) is a division of the South African National Energy Development Institute (SANEDI), a Schedule 3A entity under the Department of Energy (DoE). SACCCS is a collaborative research organisation launched in 2009 to further the technical understanding of the potential for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in South Africa.
CCS is one of the seven Flagship Programmes in the National Climate Change Response Strategy White Paper released late in 2011 and the CCS Roadmap has been endorsed by the South African Cabinet in 2012.
SACCCS is mandated by the DoE to:
Ÿ Conduct CCS research and development.Ÿ Undertake CCS capacity building (Human & Technical).Ÿ Collaborate with the national, provincial and local Government
structures and international bodies regarding CCS.Ÿ Undertake any other CCS or CCS related activities as requested
by the Steering Committee and approved by the SANEDI Board. Ÿ Execute a CCS public outreach programme, including
awareness raising for CCS and CCS related activities to key stakeholders.
The National & Local (Nat - Loc) Stakeholder Engagement Plans developed by the national and international consortia funded by the World Bank Group (WBG) and endorsed by the DoE provide the guiding strategy for the Stakeholder Engagement (SE) Work Theme. During 2014/15, SE Outreach activities have progressed exponentially to an extent that the Integrated Communications Action Plans were split into General CCS & Communications and the Pilot CO Storage Project (PCSP). 2
1.1. Introduction
Figure 1: The Atlas on Geological Storage of CO in South Africa 2
developed in 2010.
Two further large-scale CCS projects in the power sector are under construction in the United States (US) – at Mississippi Power's Kemper County Energy Facility in Mississippi and the Petra Nova Carbon Capture Project at NRG Energy's West Australia (W.A). Parish power station in Texas. These are expected to be commissioned in 2015 and 2016 respectively .
The Sleipner project started operating in 1996 and is the longest running CCS project in the world whih stores C0 deep below the 2
ocean floor, 800-1000m under the North Sea. The Wyburn-Midale Project captures the CO from natural gas production and stores it in 2
Canada.
1.3. Global Status of CCS
Figure 2: The Sleipner Carbon Capture and Storage Project, the world first large-scale CCS Project.Image Source: Statoil
Currently, South Africa does not have CCS-specific regulations in place. However, there are national laws that can be amended to support CCS. The International Energy Agency (IEA), DoE and SACCCS hosted a CCS legal and regulatory workshop in 2011 and an Inter-department Task Team (IDTT) was established. The forum is working towards establishing a common policy position for South Africa on CCS and ensures that it takes account of all relevant government departments and stakeholders given its cross-cutting nature. The IDTT consists of the Department of Energy, Water & Sanitation, Mineral Resources and Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries.
1.4. Regulatory Framework
South Africa has strong requirements for Stakeholder Engagement which are conducted as an integral part of environmental authorisation processes. For CCS, implementing best practices for engagement in addition to complying with public participation and engagement rules is a key recommendation because of the new and complex nature of the CCS process.
Stakeholder Engagement activities are informed by the World Resource Institute (WRI) Principles listed below:Ÿ Prepare communities before engaging. Ÿ Determine what level of engagement is needed. Ÿ Integrate community engagement into each phase of the project
cycle. Ÿ Include the traditionally excluded stakeholders. Ÿ Gain free, prior, and informed consent. Ÿ Resolve community grievances through dialogue. Ÿ Promote participatory monitoring by local communities.
1.5. Stakeholder Engagement 1.2. Rationale for CCS in South Africa
For close to a decade it has been understood that South Africa has potential to implement CCS as part of a portfolio of carbon dioxide (CO ) mitigation technologies to help address CO emissions from 2 2
large point sources such as power plants and industrial facilities. Coal fuels contribute over 90% of the country's electricity production, making the country a significant emitter of CO based on values that 2
can be derived for emissions intensity and emissions per capita.
Going forward, the major milestones for CCS development in South Africa are:Ÿ 2004 - Assessment of the potential for CCS in South Africa
(Complete).Ÿ 2010 - The Atlas on geological storage of CO in South Africa 2
(Complete). Ÿ 2017 - Pilot CO Storage Project (Storing between 10 – 50 000 2
tonnes of Co ). 2
Ÿ 2020 - CCS demonstration plant (Storing in the order of 100 000 thousand tonnes of CO per year).2
Ÿ 2025+ - Commercial CCS deployment (Storing over 1 million tonnes of CO per year). 2
The milestones of the South African CCS Roadmap are dependent on finding suitable geological formations for CO 2
storage, acceptance by the affected communities as well as receiving sufficient financial and technical support from the Government, industry and international stakeholders.
CO storage has been occurring at large scales (individual 2
projects storing one million tonnes of CO per year) since 2
1996. Since then five projects have operated at this scale - two in Norway, one in the USA, and the one that captures CO from the USA and stores it in Canada, as well as one in 2
Algeria. There are also a number of large scale projects complete/under construction in Canada and Australia. In addition to the commercial scale projects there are over sixty smaller scale pilot and demonstration projects operating in North America, South America, Europe, Asia and Australia. In total these projects store in the order of seven million tonnes of CO per year with over seventy 2
million tonnes of CO stored in total since 1996. 2
The commencement of CCS operations at SaskPower's Boundary Dam coal-fired power station in October 2014 is a significant step towards CCS. The Boundary Dam Integrated Carbon Capture & Sequestration Demonstration Project represents the first example of applying CCS in a power station at large scale and will provide important learnings for future projects as well as a clear demonstration that CCS is a real option to greatly reduce CO emissions from the power sector.2
The SE Work Theme presents the key considerations for public and stakeholder engagement regarding the deployment of CCS in South Africa. For CCS to be fully considered as part of South Africa's energy strategy, and climate change mitigation actions, stakeholders must be engaged and provided with information about the basic principles around the CCS technology as well as benefits and potential risks of its application. This information must be given at National, Provincial and Local levels including the traditionally excluded stakeholders such as Environmental Non-government Organisations (ENGOs) and Labour Unions.
CCS remains a relatively unknown and poorly understood technology among the publics. Public acceptance is key to successful permitting and the deployment of CCS technology.
In view of the above, ongoing public outreach and education pre-, during and post-PCSP will continue to play a pivotal role.
Rapport has been established with the relevant National, Provincial and Local structures. Key messages were developed and are supported by a wide variety of communications materials. Stakeholders are afforded an opportunity to raise concerns/issues and these are captured in the Issues/concerns Logbook.
1.5.1. Contextualization
1.5.2. Key Messages
The following key messages are conveyed consistently to ensure that stakeholders are well informed before the commencement of the Pilot Project:Ÿ Project Description. Ÿ Rationale for the project.Ÿ Drawing experience from execution of the CCS
projects.Ÿ Sharing potential sites/location.Ÿ Benefits and inherent Risks.Ÿ Schedule: South African CCS Roadmap.Ÿ Likelihood of small number of jobs will be created
during the Project.Ÿ Water table/use.Ÿ Environment – adhering to the requisite statutes.Ÿ Energy costs/ Economics.Ÿ Liability.
“Complying with public participation and engagement rules is a key recommendation
because of the new and complex nature of the CCS process.”
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/151 2
Ÿ Raise awareness of CCS as a possible climate change mitigation measure.Ÿ Develop understanding of CCS, key concepts, subsurface storage and key issues.Ÿ Outline the benefits and potential risks of demonstration and deployment of the CCS technology in South Africa.Ÿ Build mutually beneficial relations with Stakeholders by creating an atmosphere of mutual understanding, respect, trust and
collaboration.Ÿ Place CCS in the context of South African climate change mitigation, energy production and use, coal use, resource development,
job creation, amongst others.Ÿ Develop an understanding of potential benefits that the PCSP can provide to local communities (business opportunities,
infrastructure development) and potential risks (leaks, negative public perception, health, environment).Ÿ Develop an understanding of the local communities' issues and concerns and the impact of the PCSP on them, which will inform
development of approaches to address these concerns and avoid negative impacts. Ÿ Provide Stakeholders with adequate, clear, timely and consistent information.
1.5.4. Stakeholder Engagement Objectives
Stakeholder Engagement takes cognisance that stakeholders are unique, therefore different communication methods are used for different target audiences. Engagement channels during the year under review included but were not limited to the following:Ÿ Information sharing sessions/introductory meetings.Ÿ CCS 101 Workshop(s).Ÿ Pilot Schools ProjectŸ Science and Education Centres.Ÿ Expos.Ÿ Presentations and Workshops .
1.5.5. Methods of Engagement
The SE Work Theme has two components, namely, General CCS & Communications and PCSP Stakeholder Engagement that assists in raising awareness and develop an understanding of CCS. Public and stakeholder outreach program will continue to play a pivotal role in raising general CCS and PCSP awareness nationally.
2. SE Work Theme
Figure 4: Stakeholder Engagement Work Theme
General CCS & Communications focussed on raising awareness and sharing information with key stakeholders at National, Provincial and Local levels. This necessitated development of the communications materials, namely, Factsheets, prospectus/brochure and folders as well as on-going updates of the website.
2.1. General CCS & Communications
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/154
Stakeholder EngagementWork Theme
General CCS & Communications
PCSPStakeholder Engagement
A database has been drawn to create a CCS - specific Stakeholder network, comprising of national, provincial, local government and local communities as well as ENGOs. The database includes key stakeholder representatives of all sectors of society such as Traditional Authorit ies and Land Administrators in the Zululand Basin (KZN) and Algoa Basin (EC).
As stakeholders are not uniform they require varying levels of
consultation, ranging from information sharing to active and in-depth engagement. Thus varying levels of engagement are required for different stakeholders.
Analysis of key stakeholder groupings indicates that government institutions, ENGOs and conservation groups, traditional authorities and directly affected communities will require active engagement. The latter two groupings will be important at the local level.
Figure 3 : SACCCS Stakeholder Segmentation
Below is a schematic representation of SACCCS Stakeholder Identification & Segmentation
1.5.3. Stakeholder Identification & Analysis
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/153
Ÿ Raise awareness of CCS as a possible climate change mitigation measure.Ÿ Develop understanding of CCS, key concepts, subsurface storage and key issues.Ÿ Outline the benefits and potential risks of demonstration and deployment of the CCS technology in South Africa.Ÿ Build mutually beneficial relations with Stakeholders by creating an atmosphere of mutual understanding, respect, trust and
collaboration.Ÿ Place CCS in the context of South African climate change mitigation, energy production and use, coal use, resource development,
job creation, amongst others.Ÿ Develop an understanding of potential benefits that the PCSP can provide to local communities (business opportunities,
infrastructure development) and potential risks (leaks, negative public perception, health, environment).Ÿ Develop an understanding of the local communities' issues and concerns and the impact of the PCSP on them, which will inform
development of approaches to address these concerns and avoid negative impacts. Ÿ Provide Stakeholders with adequate, clear, timely and consistent information.
1.5.4. Stakeholder Engagement Objectives
Stakeholder Engagement takes cognisance that stakeholders are unique, therefore different communication methods are used for different target audiences. Engagement channels during the year under review included but were not limited to the following:Ÿ Information sharing sessions/introductory meetings.Ÿ CCS 101 Workshop(s).Ÿ Pilot Schools ProjectŸ Science and Education Centres.Ÿ Expos.Ÿ Presentations and Workshops .
1.5.5. Methods of Engagement
The SE Work Theme has two components, namely, General CCS & Communications and PCSP Stakeholder Engagement that assists in raising awareness and develop an understanding of CCS. Public and stakeholder outreach program will continue to play a pivotal role in raising general CCS and PCSP awareness nationally.
2. SE Work Theme
Figure 4: Stakeholder Engagement Work Theme
General CCS & Communications focussed on raising awareness and sharing information with key stakeholders at National, Provincial and Local levels. This necessitated development of the communications materials, namely, Factsheets, prospectus/brochure and folders as well as on-going updates of the website.
2.1. General CCS & Communications
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/154
Stakeholder EngagementWork Theme
General CCS & Communications
PCSPStakeholder Engagement
A database has been drawn to create a CCS - specific Stakeholder network, comprising of national, provincial, local government and local communities as well as ENGOs. The database includes key stakeholder representatives of all sectors of society such as Traditional Authorit ies and Land Administrators in the Zululand Basin (KZN) and Algoa Basin (EC).
As stakeholders are not uniform they require varying levels of
consultation, ranging from information sharing to active and in-depth engagement. Thus varying levels of engagement are required for different stakeholders.
Analysis of key stakeholder groupings indicates that government institutions, ENGOs and conservation groups, traditional authorities and directly affected communities will require active engagement. The latter two groupings will be important at the local level.
Figure 3 : SACCCS Stakeholder Segmentation
Below is a schematic representation of SACCCS Stakeholder Identification & Segmentation
1.5.3. Stakeholder Identification & Analysis
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/153
Furthermore, there is a challenge with regards to lack of technical and regulatory skills to deploy technologies like CCS.
The following questions were tabled for consideration and discussions:Ÿ Under what circumstances should CCS be included in the
mix where there are obviously so many unmet needs in relation to energy?
Ÿ How technologically mature should CCS be before it is deployed in developing countries?
Ÿ What is the appropriate approach for public engagement in developing countries, especially in regions lacking basic energy services?
Ÿ Who should decide whether CCS is implemented or not?Ÿ How do opportunities presented by the Clean Development
Mechanisms (CDM ) weigh in the overall considerations 2
about whether or not to implement CCS?Ÿ What kind of opportunities are most appropriate for
pursuing in developing countries: power generation, gas cleanup, BioEnergy with CCS (BECCS),industrial sources?
Day three involved the poster session where the SACCCS Stakeholder Engagement team participated and more than thirty (30) people showed interest in the work that has gone into CCS in South Africa, especially the progress on stakeholder
engagement. The Stakeholder Engagement poster was titled “Unique challenges faced in communicating CCS in South Africa”. Brendan Beck also presented a poster on the progress made on the PCSP and it was titled “Pilot CO Storage Project 2
in South Africa”.
Figure 6 : Delegates attending the GHGT-12 Conference Image Source: IEAGHG
“What is the appropriate approach for public engagement in developing countries, especially
in regions lacking basic energy services?”
2.3. Summary of General CCS & Communications Stakeholder Engagement Meetings
Sci-Bono Discovery Science Centre is a world-class science centre that supports maths, science and technology education and offers innovative, dynamic learning experiences that contribute to building South Africa's science, engineering and technology capacity. The Centre aims to create an awareness and interest in the world of maths, science and technology in school learners and further iterate the important role that modern science and technology plays in the world. Located in the old Electric Workshop in Newtown, the centre is perfectly positioned to align its projects with other attractions in Newtown.
Questions/Concerns/Issues RaisedDoes the CO just get stuck in the storage reservoir?2
The trapping mechanisms are as follows:
Ÿ Structural trapping – This is the most important process in the early stages of CO storage. When CO is injected into the rock it is less 2 2
dense (lighter) than the very salty brine that naturally fills the rock. Because it is lighter than the surrounding liquid it rises up until it hits the cap-rock – a thick layer of rock that overlies the storage rock hat gases and liquids cannot pass through.
Ÿ Residual CO trapping – When CO is injected into the storage rock it is not injected into a large cave but rather into the microscopic 2 2
holes, or pores, that exist within the rock – similar to the holes in a sponge only much smaller. When the CO is pushed into these 2
holes small amounts get stuck preventing it from moving any further.
Ÿ Solubility trapping – Before CO injection starts, the holes, or pores, in the rock are filled with very salty brine water – many times saltier 2
than sea water. When the CO mixes with the brine it will start dissolving and will remain trapped.2
Ÿ Mineral trapping – over very long time periods, the CO₂ can react with the rock and form a solid. This is a very, very slow process but
once it has occurred the CO will never separate from the rock.2
What is the next step on the CCS Road Map?Ÿ SACCCS, with the help of Council for Geo-Sciences (GCS)is in the process of analysing the existing theoretical data.
Ÿ If the right geology is found to be positive, the Pilot CO Storage Project is likely to take place in 2017.2
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/156
Sci-Bono Discovery Science Centre - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Working Session28 May 2014, Newton Johannesburg
th2.2.2. The 12 Greenhouse Gas Technology (GHGT) Conference
The Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT), is the longest-running global international conference series on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. The GHGT-12 Conference involved discussions on new GHG mitigation technologies such as CCS, and exhibitions on the work done or underway by delegates from diverse countries. Globally, CCS is at a critical stage where decision has to be made regarding advancing the technology and the progress in overcoming the barriers, as well as developing policies, legislation and measures that are needed to facilitate the future of CCS. The conference attracted more than 1200 delegates from more than 40 countries.
The panelists including Polly Modiko, SACCCS Stakeholder Engagement Lead shared experiences on CCS work/status from their respective countries.
One of the panel discussions included the CCS ethical considerations for and the deployment thereof in developing countries – South Africa, China and India were used as case studies.
The challenge with the developing countries is that a balance should be struck in terms of providing energy services and other basic needs to the communities while considering climate change mitigation measures such as CCS.
As the globe is trying to address the challenges of an affordable, secure, and low carbon energy supply, it is important to bridge the gap in supply and demand. This way, coal remains attractive for many countries due to its low cost and security of supply and thereby accelerates the greenhouse gas emissions.
The General CCS & Communications component commenced with the exploratory meetings with Educational centres with the aim of raising CCS and climate change awareness at schools and the general public.
The Education & Science Centres consulted include: Ÿ Mindset Network provides educational solutions for the formal
education using its own broadcast channels. Ÿ Sci-Bono Discovery Science Centre develops interactive
materials for schools and it operates under the Gauteng Department of Education.
Ÿ SANBI Environmental Education Centre works in synergies with Schools through the Department of Basic Education (DBE).
Ÿ Eskom Expo for Young Scientists.
The aforementioned are key Stakeholders for the Pilot Schools Project (PSP). PSP is a climate change and CCS-related education programme with a focus on Maths, Science and Technology (MST).
The SE team reached out to the Environmental organisations, such as the Earthlife Africa, GroundWork and Greenpeace Africa who greatly expressed their anti-coal and nuclear position as well as any developments that support the continuous use of such products.
Their concerns/issues raised are noted under the Stakeholder Engagement Meetings/Deliverables – Progress Report 2014/15 p7.
The last day of the conference was dedicated to a tour of the SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit #3 which utilises CO for 2
geological storage and some of which is sold for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The CO is transported via a short 2
pipeline and injected in deep geological formations, storing in the order of 3200 tonnes of CO per day.2
2.2. Global Experience
Stakeholder Engagement team grabbed an opportunity to profile SANEDI/SACCCS and the SE work internationally at the following events.
2.2.1. SaskPower Symposium Conference (2014)
The 2014 SaskPower Symposium included two days of discussions revolving around the CCS technology as well as one day dedicated for the launch of the SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit #3. SE team was afforded an opportunity to “The World's first post-combustion coal fired CCS commercial facility.” Part of the discussions during the conference included public acceptance and CCS co-dependence as this is the critical component for the deployment of the CCS technology.
In addition, there was an in-depth talk about advancing the technologies of tomorrow. This showcased the successful stories of CCS globally and the research undertaken to advance CCS technology in order to position power plants of the future for the possibility of large scale deployment.
“Stakeholder Engagement Team grabbed an opportunity to profile SANEDI/SACCCS
and the SE work internationally”
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/155
Figure 5 : Monitoring Facility at the SaskPower CCS Project Image Source: SaskPower
Furthermore, there is a challenge with regards to lack of technical and regulatory skills to deploy technologies like CCS.
The following questions were tabled for consideration and discussions:Ÿ Under what circumstances should CCS be included in the
mix where there are obviously so many unmet needs in relation to energy?
Ÿ How technologically mature should CCS be before it is deployed in developing countries?
Ÿ What is the appropriate approach for public engagement in developing countries, especially in regions lacking basic energy services?
Ÿ Who should decide whether CCS is implemented or not?Ÿ How do opportunities presented by the Clean Development
Mechanisms (CDM ) weigh in the overall considerations 2
about whether or not to implement CCS?Ÿ What kind of opportunities are most appropriate for
pursuing in developing countries: power generation, gas cleanup, BioEnergy with CCS (BECCS),industrial sources?
Day three involved the poster session where the SACCCS Stakeholder Engagement team participated and more than thirty (30) people showed interest in the work that has gone into CCS in South Africa, especially the progress on stakeholder
engagement. The Stakeholder Engagement poster was titled “Unique challenges faced in communicating CCS in South Africa”. Brendan Beck also presented a poster on the progress made on the PCSP and it was titled “Pilot CO Storage Project 2
in South Africa”.
Figure 6 : Delegates attending the GHGT-12 Conference Image Source: IEAGHG
“What is the appropriate approach for public engagement in developing countries, especially
in regions lacking basic energy services?”
2.3. Summary of General CCS & Communications Stakeholder Engagement Meetings
Sci-Bono Discovery Science Centre is a world-class science centre that supports maths, science and technology education and offers innovative, dynamic learning experiences that contribute to building South Africa's science, engineering and technology capacity. The Centre aims to create an awareness and interest in the world of maths, science and technology in school learners and further iterate the important role that modern science and technology plays in the world. Located in the old Electric Workshop in Newtown, the centre is perfectly positioned to align its projects with other attractions in Newtown.
Questions/Concerns/Issues RaisedDoes the CO just get stuck in the storage reservoir?2
The trapping mechanisms are as follows:
Ÿ Structural trapping – This is the most important process in the early stages of CO storage. When CO is injected into the rock it is less 2 2
dense (lighter) than the very salty brine that naturally fills the rock. Because it is lighter than the surrounding liquid it rises up until it hits the cap-rock – a thick layer of rock that overlies the storage rock hat gases and liquids cannot pass through.
Ÿ Residual CO trapping – When CO is injected into the storage rock it is not injected into a large cave but rather into the microscopic 2 2
holes, or pores, that exist within the rock – similar to the holes in a sponge only much smaller. When the CO is pushed into these 2
holes small amounts get stuck preventing it from moving any further.
Ÿ Solubility trapping – Before CO injection starts, the holes, or pores, in the rock are filled with very salty brine water – many times saltier 2
than sea water. When the CO mixes with the brine it will start dissolving and will remain trapped.2
Ÿ Mineral trapping – over very long time periods, the CO₂ can react with the rock and form a solid. This is a very, very slow process but
once it has occurred the CO will never separate from the rock.2
What is the next step on the CCS Road Map?Ÿ SACCCS, with the help of Council for Geo-Sciences (GCS)is in the process of analysing the existing theoretical data.
Ÿ If the right geology is found to be positive, the Pilot CO Storage Project is likely to take place in 2017.2
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/156
Sci-Bono Discovery Science Centre - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Working Session28 May 2014, Newton Johannesburg
th2.2.2. The 12 Greenhouse Gas Technology (GHGT) Conference
The Greenhouse Gas Technologies (GHGT), is the longest-running global international conference series on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. The GHGT-12 Conference involved discussions on new GHG mitigation technologies such as CCS, and exhibitions on the work done or underway by delegates from diverse countries. Globally, CCS is at a critical stage where decision has to be made regarding advancing the technology and the progress in overcoming the barriers, as well as developing policies, legislation and measures that are needed to facilitate the future of CCS. The conference attracted more than 1200 delegates from more than 40 countries.
The panelists including Polly Modiko, SACCCS Stakeholder Engagement Lead shared experiences on CCS work/status from their respective countries.
One of the panel discussions included the CCS ethical considerations for and the deployment thereof in developing countries – South Africa, China and India were used as case studies.
The challenge with the developing countries is that a balance should be struck in terms of providing energy services and other basic needs to the communities while considering climate change mitigation measures such as CCS.
As the globe is trying to address the challenges of an affordable, secure, and low carbon energy supply, it is important to bridge the gap in supply and demand. This way, coal remains attractive for many countries due to its low cost and security of supply and thereby accelerates the greenhouse gas emissions.
The General CCS & Communications component commenced with the exploratory meetings with Educational centres with the aim of raising CCS and climate change awareness at schools and the general public.
The Education & Science Centres consulted include: Ÿ Mindset Network provides educational solutions for the formal
education using its own broadcast channels. Ÿ Sci-Bono Discovery Science Centre develops interactive
materials for schools and it operates under the Gauteng Department of Education.
Ÿ SANBI Environmental Education Centre works in synergies with Schools through the Department of Basic Education (DBE).
Ÿ Eskom Expo for Young Scientists.
The aforementioned are key Stakeholders for the Pilot Schools Project (PSP). PSP is a climate change and CCS-related education programme with a focus on Maths, Science and Technology (MST).
The SE team reached out to the Environmental organisations, such as the Earthlife Africa, GroundWork and Greenpeace Africa who greatly expressed their anti-coal and nuclear position as well as any developments that support the continuous use of such products.
Their concerns/issues raised are noted under the Stakeholder Engagement Meetings/Deliverables – Progress Report 2014/15 p7.
The last day of the conference was dedicated to a tour of the SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit #3 which utilises CO for 2
geological storage and some of which is sold for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The CO is transported via a short 2
pipeline and injected in deep geological formations, storing in the order of 3200 tonnes of CO per day.2
2.2. Global Experience
Stakeholder Engagement team grabbed an opportunity to profile SANEDI/SACCCS and the SE work internationally at the following events.
2.2.1. SaskPower Symposium Conference (2014)
The 2014 SaskPower Symposium included two days of discussions revolving around the CCS technology as well as one day dedicated for the launch of the SaskPower Boundary Dam Unit #3. SE team was afforded an opportunity to “The World's first post-combustion coal fired CCS commercial facility.” Part of the discussions during the conference included public acceptance and CCS co-dependence as this is the critical component for the deployment of the CCS technology.
In addition, there was an in-depth talk about advancing the technologies of tomorrow. This showcased the successful stories of CCS globally and the research undertaken to advance CCS technology in order to position power plants of the future for the possibility of large scale deployment.
“Stakeholder Engagement Team grabbed an opportunity to profile SANEDI/SACCCS
and the SE work internationally”
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/155
Figure 5 : Monitoring Facility at the SaskPower CCS Project Image Source: SaskPower
The SE Team profiled SACCCS/SANEDI during the 2014 National Climate Change Response Dialogue and Conference . The conference was organised by the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), in collaboration with the Inter-Governmental Committee on Climate Change (IGCCC). The conference Theme was “South Africa is transitioning to a lower carbon and climate resilient economy and society.”
The conference took place at Gallagher Convention Centre, Midrand from 10 – 13 November 2014. CCS is one of the Near-Term Flagship Programmes in the Climate Change Response White Paper.
SANBI has branches/gardens across the country two in Gauteng, three in the Western Cape. The education Centre is one of eight portfolios within SANBI programmes. The purpose of the centre is to educate the learners, teachers and the communities about the biodiversity, environment and climate change. The centre has a capacity programme for teachers and communities .
SANBI highlighted that the organisation works closely with the Gauteng Department of Basic Education (GDBE) and the districts thereof. The Centre encourages teachers to incorporate climate change into every subject . The Centre further highlighted that they are in talks with WESSA to introduce the climate change week/programme in the SANBI’s calender of events.
Questions/Issues/Concerns RaisedWhat is the viability of the technology in terms of the storage of CO ?2
Ÿ The technology is viable and has been proven in countries like Norway, USA, Canada, and Australia, however in order to deploy CCS in South Africa, the suitable geological formations must be identified.
Ÿ CO is trapped through four trapping mechanism which allows for sufficient storage2
Does SACCCS have the capacity for the project?Ÿ SACCCS works closely with local and international peers as well as the DoE.Is CCS the same as recycling? Ÿ CCS is not the same as recycling as the CO is not to be reused, however, the process is like 2
taking the CO back to its origins.2
Way ForwardŸ SANBI Education Centre requested to be capacitated so that they can also be able to educate the learners to raise CCS awareness. Ÿ SANBI to draft a discussion document for SACCCS - SANBI collaboration on Climate Change, Environment and CCS education.
Figure 10: Schematic representation of Co 2
Trapping MechanismsImage Source : IEA
ndhe 2 meeting with SANBI Environmental Education Centre was held on the 27th January 2015 to discuss a way forward regarding SACCCS- T
SANBI Collaboration on CCS Education.
SACCCS & SANBI will collaborate through the following Programmes: Schools Programmes
Through this programme the learners/schools will be provided with a variety of environmental learning programmes.ŸSACCCS will conduct information-sharing workshops for facilitators.ŸIn addition, SACCCS will be provide the learning materials/resources that SANBI will distribute to learners and the teachers. Ÿ
Assistant Education Officers (AEOs) TrainingAEOs are nature conservation teachers, who assist the Centre on various schools programmes. ŸSACCCS will provide training for the AEOs on CCS. ŸFacilitators from the Walter Sisulu National Botanical Gardens will participate in thetraining programme.Ÿ
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/158
SANBI: Environmental Education Centre - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Introductory Meeting14 August 2014, Pretoria Botanical Gardens
Department of Environmental Affairs: Climate Change Dialogue - Stakeholder Engagement / Conference 10 - 13 November 2014,The Gallagher, Midrand
Figure 11:SACCCS Stand during the 2014 Climate Change Dialogue Week
SANBI : Environmental Education Centre - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Working Sessions 27 January 2015,The Gallagher, Midrand
WESSA (Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa) is a dynamic South African environmental NGO with a mission to implement high impact environmental and conservation projects that promote public participation in caring for the Earth. WESSA conceded that CCS alone will not solve the climate change challenges, therefore people must be educated about their individual carbon footprint.
WESSA indicated that the organisation approves the use of bio-storage (Spekboom) over geological storage of CO . SACCCS requested to 2
leverage of WESSA’s Eco-Schools programme, which takes place in 51 countries. The programme is aimed at creating awareness and action around environmental sustainability in schools and their surrounding communities as well as supporting Education for Sustainable Development in the national curriculum.
Questions/Concerns raised;Has other options such as storing CO through Spekboom vegetation been 2
considered?Ÿ SACCCS has been mandated by the government to investigate the feasibility of CCS in South African geological formations.
Figure 9: The Eco-Schools Programme could be key to CCS Education in South AfricaImage Source : WESSA
Mindset Network is an award winning not-for-profit organisation set up in 2002 to provide educational solutions for formal education and health. Mindset broadcasts its programmes through Mindset Learn, Mindset Teach and Mindset Health channels as, well as DVDs and Youtube.
A collaboration between SACCCS and other SANEDI portfolios to partner in producing content for Mindset was proposed . The agreement would include the creation of video clips explaining different aspects of energy and climate change such as:Ÿ Climate Change, Energy/Electricity, Fossil Fuel, Carbon Capture and Storage, Renewable Energy, Energy
Efficiency and making a difference at home.Ÿ Each video to include scientific information, interviews with experts, animations explaining key principles.Ÿ The content could then be distributed on the Mindset TV channel as well as on YouTube that could then be
linked SANEDI and SACCCS websites.
RecommendationsSci-Bono recommended that SACCCS consider participating at the events below: Ÿ Sci-Bono Events. - Focus weeks. - Engineering and Science weeks.Ÿ Earth Science week in October.
Way ForwardŸ SACCCS to develop a partnership proposal document and submit to Sci-Bono.Ÿ SACCCS to arrange a meeting with SAASTA regarding the development of an interactive CCS
display manual.Ÿ SACCCS to engage regional Science Centres recommended by Sci-Bono in KZN, Gauteng and
Eastern Cape provinces.Figure 7: Sci-Bono Science Centre in Newton, JHBImage Source: Sci-Bono
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/157
Mindset Broadcasting Network - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Working Session4 June 2014, Randburg
WildLife Environmental & Society of South Africa - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Working Session15 July 2014, Howick, Pietermaritzburg
Figure 8: Mindset provides tailor-made distribution channels
Image S
ource: Mindset
The SE Team profiled SACCCS/SANEDI during the 2014 National Climate Change Response Dialogue and Conference . The conference was organised by the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA), in collaboration with the Inter-Governmental Committee on Climate Change (IGCCC). The conference Theme was “South Africa is transitioning to a lower carbon and climate resilient economy and society.”
The conference took place at Gallagher Convention Centre, Midrand from 10 – 13 November 2014. CCS is one of the Near-Term Flagship Programmes in the Climate Change Response White Paper.
SANBI has branches/gardens across the country two in Gauteng, three in the Western Cape. The education Centre is one of eight portfolios within SANBI programmes. The purpose of the centre is to educate the learners, teachers and the communities about the biodiversity, environment and climate change. The centre has a capacity programme for teachers and communities .
SANBI highlighted that the organisation works closely with the Gauteng Department of Basic Education (GDBE) and the districts thereof. The Centre encourages teachers to incorporate climate change into every subject . The Centre further highlighted that they are in talks with WESSA to introduce the climate change week/programme in the SANBI’s calender of events.
Questions/Issues/Concerns RaisedWhat is the viability of the technology in terms of the storage of CO ?2
Ÿ The technology is viable and has been proven in countries like Norway, USA, Canada, and Australia, however in order to deploy CCS in South Africa, the suitable geological formations must be identified.
Ÿ CO is trapped through four trapping mechanism which allows for sufficient storage2
Does SACCCS have the capacity for the project?Ÿ SACCCS works closely with local and international peers as well as the DoE.Is CCS the same as recycling? Ÿ CCS is not the same as recycling as the CO is not to be reused, however, the process is like 2
taking the CO back to its origins.2
Way ForwardŸ SANBI Education Centre requested to be capacitated so that they can also be able to educate the learners to raise CCS awareness. Ÿ SANBI to draft a discussion document for SACCCS - SANBI collaboration on Climate Change, Environment and CCS education.
Figure 10: Schematic representation of Co 2
Trapping MechanismsImage Source : IEA
ndhe 2 meeting with SANBI Environmental Education Centre was held on the 27th January 2015 to discuss a way forward regarding SACCCS- T
SANBI Collaboration on CCS Education.
SACCCS & SANBI will collaborate through the following Programmes: Schools Programmes
Through this programme the learners/schools will be provided with a variety of environmental learning programmes.ŸSACCCS will conduct information-sharing workshops for facilitators.ŸIn addition, SACCCS will be provide the learning materials/resources that SANBI will distribute to learners and the teachers. Ÿ
Assistant Education Officers (AEOs) TrainingAEOs are nature conservation teachers, who assist the Centre on various schools programmes. ŸSACCCS will provide training for the AEOs on CCS. ŸFacilitators from the Walter Sisulu National Botanical Gardens will participate in thetraining programme.Ÿ
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/158
SANBI: Environmental Education Centre - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Introductory Meeting14 August 2014, Pretoria Botanical Gardens
Department of Environmental Affairs: Climate Change Dialogue - Stakeholder Engagement / Conference 10 - 13 November 2014,The Gallagher, Midrand
Figure 11:SACCCS Stand during the 2014 Climate Change Dialogue Week
SANBI : Environmental Education Centre - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Working Sessions 27 January 2015,The Gallagher, Midrand
WESSA (Wildlife and Environment Society of South Africa) is a dynamic South African environmental NGO with a mission to implement high impact environmental and conservation projects that promote public participation in caring for the Earth. WESSA conceded that CCS alone will not solve the climate change challenges, therefore people must be educated about their individual carbon footprint.
WESSA indicated that the organisation approves the use of bio-storage (Spekboom) over geological storage of CO . SACCCS requested to 2
leverage of WESSA’s Eco-Schools programme, which takes place in 51 countries. The programme is aimed at creating awareness and action around environmental sustainability in schools and their surrounding communities as well as supporting Education for Sustainable Development in the national curriculum.
Questions/Concerns raised;Has other options such as storing CO through Spekboom vegetation been 2
considered?Ÿ SACCCS has been mandated by the government to investigate the feasibility of CCS in South African geological formations.
Figure 9: The Eco-Schools Programme could be key to CCS Education in South AfricaImage Source : WESSA
Mindset Network is an award winning not-for-profit organisation set up in 2002 to provide educational solutions for formal education and health. Mindset broadcasts its programmes through Mindset Learn, Mindset Teach and Mindset Health channels as, well as DVDs and Youtube.
A collaboration between SACCCS and other SANEDI portfolios to partner in producing content for Mindset was proposed . The agreement would include the creation of video clips explaining different aspects of energy and climate change such as:Ÿ Climate Change, Energy/Electricity, Fossil Fuel, Carbon Capture and Storage, Renewable Energy, Energy
Efficiency and making a difference at home.Ÿ Each video to include scientific information, interviews with experts, animations explaining key principles.Ÿ The content could then be distributed on the Mindset TV channel as well as on YouTube that could then be
linked SANEDI and SACCCS websites.
RecommendationsSci-Bono recommended that SACCCS consider participating at the events below: Ÿ Sci-Bono Events. - Focus weeks. - Engineering and Science weeks.Ÿ Earth Science week in October.
Way ForwardŸ SACCCS to develop a partnership proposal document and submit to Sci-Bono.Ÿ SACCCS to arrange a meeting with SAASTA regarding the development of an interactive CCS
display manual.Ÿ SACCCS to engage regional Science Centres recommended by Sci-Bono in KZN, Gauteng and
Eastern Cape provinces.Figure 7: Sci-Bono Science Centre in Newton, JHBImage Source: Sci-Bono
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/157
Mindset Broadcasting Network - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Working Session4 June 2014, Randburg
WildLife Environmental & Society of South Africa - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Working Session15 July 2014, Howick, Pietermaritzburg
Figure 8: Mindset provides tailor-made distribution channels
Image S
ource: Mindset
2014/15 showed significant achievement of the PCSP Stakeholder Engagement Work Theme, continuing with the implementation of the Integrated Communications Action Plan (ICAP), aligned to Nat-Loc Stakeholder Engagement Plans. During the year under review a Pilot CO Capacity Building 2
Monitoring Project – Bongwana Natural CO Release formed 2
part of the PCSP.
Coupled with the above, introductory/iterative meetings were held with the Stakeholders at the National, Provincial and Local levels, i.e. Gauteng, KZN and EC respectively. Most of the Stakeholders urged SACCCS to consult with the Ingonyama Trust Board (ITB). The ITB is the majority owner of the land in KZN and the Trust Board operates under the KwaZulu Ingonyama Trust Act No 3 of 1994 to hold the land in title for the benefit, material welfare and social well-being of the members of the tribes and communities living on the land and to have a community liaison from that area that the community can relate to. SE continues to be an integral part of the PCSP throughout the project life cycle and other Stakeholders have proven to be more key than others to such an extent that iterative meetings/workshops will be held throughout the project.
The SE activities have focused on identifying and connecting with the local stakeholders as well as the Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) to ensure that they understand the project. Needless to state, Stakeholders are afforded an opportunity to input into how the project will be implemented. As the PCSP progresses, the focus of SE will shift to maintaining and cementing relationships with these stakeholders. This evolution will also be necessary at a national level with initial efforts being exerted on raising CCS awareness and subsequently to provide project updates.
2.4.2. Pilot CO Monitoring Capacity Building 2
Project
Monitoring before, during and after a CO storage project, is a 2
necessary requirement for CCS projects according to international protocol.
Coupled with this, it is crucial to understand the monitoring requirements and obtain practical experience with monitoring before the storage project starts. Currently no such experience exists in South Africa hence a decision to embark on building monitoring capacity locally at a specific site where natural release of CO occur at the Bongwana natural CO 2 2
emission site. The experience gained during the project will
then be applied at the selected site for the PCSP. Monitoring will continue during the operation of the site and an extended period after closure. SACCCS SE team reached out to Ugu District and Mbizana Local municipality structures, so as to deal/address any issues/concerns before commencement of the project
Infra are the objectives of the Bongwana Stakeholder Engagement: Ÿ Create awareness of the Bongwana Pilot Monitoring
Project, the benefits and potential risks;Ÿ Dispel misconceptions about and articulate the
differences between Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and natural CO release;2
Ÿ Build mutually beneficial relations with the relevant stakeholders and manage expectations; and
Ÿ Provide Stakeholders an opportunity to raise concerns / issues and make suggestions.
The Bongwana Natural CO Release is associated with the 2
large Karoo-aged fault which affects the rocks of the Karoo Super group which cover most part of the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The gas exhalations from the Bongwana fault consist of more than 97% carbon dioxide and have been measured at up to 46kg/hour. The fault extends for at least 80 km. Exhalations have been discovered at seven localities around Bongwana.However, athreas targeted for monitoring especially along the 80km fault are: Ÿ Umzimkulwana River.Ÿ Naiker Farm.Ÿ Umtamvuna River.
2.4. PCSP - Stakeholder Engagement
2.4.1. Background
Figure 14: Potential Sites for Pilot CO Monitoring Capacity Building 2
Bongwana Natural CO Release project.2
Image Source : Google Maps (Modified)
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1510
Teachers' Workshop: Ÿ SACCCS will participate at SANBI’s Teachers Workshop planned to take place from 27 - 30 July 2015 in Kwa-Mhlanga, Mpumalanga
Province. Ÿ The workshop is aimed at capacitating the teachers on various environmental topics aligned to the school curriculum.Climate Change week: 3-7 August Ÿ SACCCS will be invited to participate at the SANBI Education Centre Climate Change Week. Ÿ Schools will form an integral part of the Climate Change week.Ÿ 120-150 learners are expected per day from visiting schools.
A post-mortem will be held for every programme to evaluate the work and progress thereof.
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/159
“For CCS to be fully considered as part of South Africa's energy strategy, and climate change mitigation actions, stakeholders must
be engaged and provided with information about the basic principles around the CCS technology as well as benefits and
potential risks of its application.”
2015 Africa Energy Indaba - Stakeholder Engagement / Conference17 - 18 February 2015, Sandton Convention Centre
th thThe SACCCS SE Team took part in the Africa Energy Indaba Exhibition which took place from the 17 - 18 February 2015. The exhibition was a huge success as +/- 300 people visited the stand. The visitors ranged from technology developers, young entrepreneurs, business owners, energy experts, media, publishers, government officials etc. The foot traffic was amazing, as the stand was busy throughut the durartion of the exhibition.
Eskom Expo for Young Scientists - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Introductory Meeting16 March 2015, Boksburg, East Rand
A meeting was held to discuss how SACCCS can form/be part of the Science Expo competitions. The Eskom Expo for Young Scientists has been endorsed by the Departments of Science & Technology (DST) and the Department of Basic Education (DBE). The main purpose of the Eskom Expos is to play a role in addressing skills scarcity in the field of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics). Academic support is received from tertiary institution such as the Universities of Witwatersrand and Stellenbosch.
The DST also provides support in the form of bursaries. Teachers and industry professionals play a significant role as judges and mentors during the Expos. Learners participate through their schools starting at the regional, and then proceed district and national level.
Recommendations were as follows:Ÿ SACCCS was advised to start as an exhibitor at the regional level to raise awareness of its
offerings before embarking/participating at the competitions at national level. Ÿ Eskom Expo’s International Science Fair Director, Priscilla Moodley recommended
SACCCS to consider participating at the following events: - Science-Fest in Grahamstown. - National Science Week - National Science & Technology Forum.Ÿ Consider raising awareness through Science Centres and FabLabs.Ÿ Consider working with the Dinaledi Schools.
Figure 13: The Eskom Expo is a great platform to create CCS awareness through the Pilot Schools Project. Image Source: Centre for Innovation on CCS
Figure 12: SE Team during the 2015 Africa Energy IndabaFar Right- Rofhiwa Raselavhe, Centre: Tshilidzi Tshivhase Right: Wiseman Ngcobo
“The SE activities focussed on identifying and connecting with the local stakeholders as well as the
Interested and Affected Parties to ensure that they understand the project”
2014/15 showed significant achievement of the PCSP Stakeholder Engagement Work Theme, continuing with the implementation of the Integrated Communications Action Plan (ICAP), aligned to Nat-Loc Stakeholder Engagement Plans. During the year under review a Pilot CO Capacity Building 2
Monitoring Project – Bongwana Natural CO Release formed 2
part of the PCSP.
Coupled with the above, introductory/iterative meetings were held with the Stakeholders at the National, Provincial and Local levels, i.e. Gauteng, KZN and EC respectively. Most of the Stakeholders urged SACCCS to consult with the Ingonyama Trust Board (ITB). The ITB is the majority owner of the land in KZN and the Trust Board operates under the KwaZulu Ingonyama Trust Act No 3 of 1994 to hold the land in title for the benefit, material welfare and social well-being of the members of the tribes and communities living on the land and to have a community liaison from that area that the community can relate to. SE continues to be an integral part of the PCSP throughout the project life cycle and other Stakeholders have proven to be more key than others to such an extent that iterative meetings/workshops will be held throughout the project.
The SE activities have focused on identifying and connecting with the local stakeholders as well as the Interested and Affected Parties (I&APs) to ensure that they understand the project. Needless to state, Stakeholders are afforded an opportunity to input into how the project will be implemented. As the PCSP progresses, the focus of SE will shift to maintaining and cementing relationships with these stakeholders. This evolution will also be necessary at a national level with initial efforts being exerted on raising CCS awareness and subsequently to provide project updates.
2.4.2. Pilot CO Monitoring Capacity Building 2
Project
Monitoring before, during and after a CO storage project, is a 2
necessary requirement for CCS projects according to international protocol.
Coupled with this, it is crucial to understand the monitoring requirements and obtain practical experience with monitoring before the storage project starts. Currently no such experience exists in South Africa hence a decision to embark on building monitoring capacity locally at a specific site where natural release of CO occur at the Bongwana natural CO 2 2
emission site. The experience gained during the project will
then be applied at the selected site for the PCSP. Monitoring will continue during the operation of the site and an extended period after closure. SACCCS SE team reached out to Ugu District and Mbizana Local municipality structures, so as to deal/address any issues/concerns before commencement of the project
Infra are the objectives of the Bongwana Stakeholder Engagement: Ÿ Create awareness of the Bongwana Pilot Monitoring
Project, the benefits and potential risks;Ÿ Dispel misconceptions about and articulate the
differences between Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) and natural CO release;2
Ÿ Build mutually beneficial relations with the relevant stakeholders and manage expectations; and
Ÿ Provide Stakeholders an opportunity to raise concerns / issues and make suggestions.
The Bongwana Natural CO Release is associated with the 2
large Karoo-aged fault which affects the rocks of the Karoo Super group which cover most part of the KwaZulu-Natal Province. The gas exhalations from the Bongwana fault consist of more than 97% carbon dioxide and have been measured at up to 46kg/hour. The fault extends for at least 80 km. Exhalations have been discovered at seven localities around Bongwana.However, athreas targeted for monitoring especially along the 80km fault are: Ÿ Umzimkulwana River.Ÿ Naiker Farm.Ÿ Umtamvuna River.
2.4. PCSP - Stakeholder Engagement
2.4.1. Background
Figure 14: Potential Sites for Pilot CO Monitoring Capacity Building 2
Bongwana Natural CO Release project.2
Image Source : Google Maps (Modified)
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1510
Teachers' Workshop: Ÿ SACCCS will participate at SANBI’s Teachers Workshop planned to take place from 27 - 30 July 2015 in Kwa-Mhlanga, Mpumalanga
Province. Ÿ The workshop is aimed at capacitating the teachers on various environmental topics aligned to the school curriculum.Climate Change week: 3-7 August Ÿ SACCCS will be invited to participate at the SANBI Education Centre Climate Change Week. Ÿ Schools will form an integral part of the Climate Change week.Ÿ 120-150 learners are expected per day from visiting schools.
A post-mortem will be held for every programme to evaluate the work and progress thereof.
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/159
“For CCS to be fully considered as part of South Africa's energy strategy, and climate change mitigation actions, stakeholders must
be engaged and provided with information about the basic principles around the CCS technology as well as benefits and
potential risks of its application.”
2015 Africa Energy Indaba - Stakeholder Engagement / Conference17 - 18 February 2015, Sandton Convention Centre
th thThe SACCCS SE Team took part in the Africa Energy Indaba Exhibition which took place from the 17 - 18 February 2015. The exhibition was a huge success as +/- 300 people visited the stand. The visitors ranged from technology developers, young entrepreneurs, business owners, energy experts, media, publishers, government officials etc. The foot traffic was amazing, as the stand was busy throughut the durartion of the exhibition.
Eskom Expo for Young Scientists - Stakeholder Engagement / Pilot Schools Project Introductory Meeting16 March 2015, Boksburg, East Rand
A meeting was held to discuss how SACCCS can form/be part of the Science Expo competitions. The Eskom Expo for Young Scientists has been endorsed by the Departments of Science & Technology (DST) and the Department of Basic Education (DBE). The main purpose of the Eskom Expos is to play a role in addressing skills scarcity in the field of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics). Academic support is received from tertiary institution such as the Universities of Witwatersrand and Stellenbosch.
The DST also provides support in the form of bursaries. Teachers and industry professionals play a significant role as judges and mentors during the Expos. Learners participate through their schools starting at the regional, and then proceed district and national level.
Recommendations were as follows:Ÿ SACCCS was advised to start as an exhibitor at the regional level to raise awareness of its
offerings before embarking/participating at the competitions at national level. Ÿ Eskom Expo’s International Science Fair Director, Priscilla Moodley recommended
SACCCS to consider participating at the following events: - Science-Fest in Grahamstown. - National Science Week - National Science & Technology Forum.Ÿ Consider raising awareness through Science Centres and FabLabs.Ÿ Consider working with the Dinaledi Schools.
Figure 13: The Eskom Expo is a great platform to create CCS awareness through the Pilot Schools Project. Image Source: Centre for Innovation on CCS
Figure 12: SE Team during the 2015 Africa Energy IndabaFar Right- Rofhiwa Raselavhe, Centre: Tshilidzi Tshivhase Right: Wiseman Ngcobo
“The SE activities focussed on identifying and connecting with the local stakeholders as well as the
Interested and Affected Parties to ensure that they understand the project”
The Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM) is a local Municipality within Cacadu District in the Eastern Cape Province. The Municipality has eight (8) wards. The area is one of key sites for citrus production in the country. The Municipality also encompasses the Addo Elephant Park and other significant nature conservation areas. During the time of enagagement, the Cacadu District area didn't have formalised Traditional Authorities.
RecommendationsSRVM recommended the following structures for further engagement:Ÿ Ward Councillors and communitiesŸ Inter-Governmental Relations Forum where the Mayor, Industry, and Community Based Organisations (CBOs) & NGOs seat.Ÿ Community Outreach Programmes.
Way ForwardŸ SRVM recommended that SACCCS must prepare an Item Report (IR) which will be circulated to the Management and Ward Committees for
information before commencing with a formal consultation with the communities in the SRVM area.Ÿ SACCCS will be invited to present for the local Councillors after the 2014 General Elections .
Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) is one of eight Metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. It is located on the shores of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape province.
RecommendationsNMBM recommended the following structures for further engagementŸ South African National Parks (SanParks)Ÿ Farming Associations and;Ÿ Honourary Rangers
QuestionsWho is Responsible for Carbon Tax? Ÿ The National Treasury is responsible for the development of the Carbon Tax Policy Paper. Is there any other safer way to store CO rather than disposing it? 2
Ÿ SACCCS is not planning to dispose CO , but to store it safely and permanently in 2
geological formations.
The Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEDEAT) provides oversight over two industrial development zones (The Coega IDZ and the East London IDZ, development financier, the Eastern Cape Development Corporation, the tourism and environmental management agency, the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency, the regulatory bodies governing gambling and liquor, the Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Board IDZ and the Eastern Cape Liquor Board IDZ.
SACCCS met with DEDEAT team headed by Mr Gerry Pienaar, Environmental Impact Management Senior Manager. Discussions revolved around the environmental impact caused by seismic activities, the suitability of the storage and the potential sites for the PCSP , the reality that stakeholders cannot grasp the technology at one sitting- therefore iterative consultations are imperative and as an Interested party/stakeholder, DEDEAT requested to be kept abreast on the project development. DEDEAT proposed that SACCCS must give consideration to sourcing the CO 2
from the province in particular from PPC and Orion Chemical.
SACCCS must consider engaging with the Dept. Environmental Affairs (HQ) , the Dept. Water & Sanitations (EC), Citrus Industry in Sundays River Valley Municipality , Sundays River Valley Education Scheme , Addo Elephant Park and COEGA IDZ.
SACCCS met with SALGA to provide feedback on its engagement with local municipalities in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu Natal provinces. SALGA has recommended that SACCCS engage with the affected municipalities directly. SALGA indicated that SACCCS is considered as one of SALGA's key stakeholders.Ÿ SALGA supports the concept of sharing knowledge on CCS before the commencement of the PCSP.Ÿ Intelligent Chauke (IC), Environment & Climate Change Specialist at SALGA indicated that the Policy and Governance structures within
SALGA were concerned about the impact of CO on the environment.2
Ÿ IC further emphasised that other SALGA divisions have been sensitised about the CCS project which of necessity will comply with the environmental and social impact requirements.
Ÿ SALGA proposed a collaboration on climate change education and awareness between SACCCS and SALGA’s structures.Ÿ SALGA to develop a draft of an Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that will guide SACCCS collaboration with the association’s
municipalities.
The KZN DAFF Forestry section is divided into sections namely : Commercial Forestry, Forestry Regulations & Support, Woodland & Indigenous and Forestry Development and Management. The DAFF-Forestry branch in Pietermaritzburg focuses on forestry matters and is responsible for management and co-ordination of forestry matters in the KZN Province. A concern was raised that the e targeted potential sites fall within a high biodiversity area in South Africa. DAFF- Forestry division recommended that SACCCS meet with DAFF Land-Use and Soil Management Directorate.
QuestionsWill the stored CO be retracted/retrieved for future use? 2
Ÿ CCS technology has been deployed globally since the nineties for Climate Change purposes and the CO remains permanently stored under the ground. Taking out the CO 2 2
out of the ground will defeat the purpose of the CCS technology.What are the long term goals of CCS technology in South Africa? Ÿ Currently, the focus is on the PCSP which is planned to commence in 2017.Ÿ The future of CCS in South Africa will be determined by research findings on whether the
country has the suitable geological formations of storing CO safely under the ground. 2
Once the storage capacity is confirmed, the SA Roadmap indicates that Demonstration will follow in 2020 and Commercial roll-out in 2025.
Will the stored CO change the rock formations when it solidifies? 2
Ÿ The injection of CO can also slightly alter the minerals within the rock through chemical 2
reactions, although these changes tend to happen over very long periods of time and have limited effects on the overall structure of the rock – in fact this is one of the best ways
of permanently storing CO₂ when it reacts chemically with other minerals in the rock. Source: Q&A - IEAGHG Weyburn-Midale CO Monitoring and Storage Project 2
Is CO dangerous to the people?2
Ÿ CO is non-toxic, colourless, odourless and non-flammable and is a naturally-occurring substance in our environment – humans and animals 2
breathe out CO and plants need it to grow. CO only becomes harmful to humans when it is in very high concentrations. 2 2
Are there any previous incidents of CO leakage? 2
Ÿ To date, there hasn't been any CO leakage from a CCS project. The Lake Nyos disaster in Cameroon (1986) was a result of volcanic crater 2
below the lake which led to the eruption of CO and unfortunately many people and animals lost their lives. Lake Nyos was a naturally-2
occurring CO and not CCS related. 2
“ CO non-toxic, colourless, odourless and non-2
flammable and is a naturally-occurring substance in our environment – humans and animals breathe out CO and plants need it to grow. CO only becomes 2 2
harmful to humans when it is in very high concentrations. “
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder En &gagement Annual Report : 2014/1511 12
Sundays River Valley Local Municipality - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting7 April 2015,Kirkwood
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality Multi-Disciplinary Task Team - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 8 April 2014, Port Elizabeth
Right - Figure 16: The NatLoc Plans outlines the Algoa Basins within NMBMImage Source : NatLoc Plans
Dept. of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs & Tourism (DEDEAT) - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 10 April 2014, Port Elizabeth
South African Local Government Association - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Feedback Meeting14 April 2014,Menlyn Pretoria
Figure 17 : Lake Nyos in Northen CameroonImage Source: Geo-Arizona
Figure 18: Coal fuels contribute over 90% of the country’s electricity production. Image Source: Power-Technology
KZN Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting14 April 2015,Pietermaritzburg
2.4.3. Summary of PCSP Stakeholder Engagement Meetings
The Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM) is a local Municipality within Cacadu District in the Eastern Cape Province. The Municipality has eight (8) wards. The area is one of key sites for citrus production in the country. The Municipality also encompasses the Addo Elephant Park and other significant nature conservation areas. During the time of enagagement, the Cacadu District area didn't have formalised Traditional Authorities.
RecommendationsSRVM recommended the following structures for further engagement:Ÿ Ward Councillors and communitiesŸ Inter-Governmental Relations Forum where the Mayor, Industry, and Community Based Organisations (CBOs) & NGOs seat.Ÿ Community Outreach Programmes.
Way ForwardŸ SRVM recommended that SACCCS must prepare an Item Report (IR) which will be circulated to the Management and Ward Committees for
information before commencing with a formal consultation with the communities in the SRVM area.Ÿ SACCCS will be invited to present for the local Councillors after the 2014 General Elections .
Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) is one of eight Metropolitan municipalities in South Africa. It is located on the shores of Algoa Bay in the Eastern Cape province.
RecommendationsNMBM recommended the following structures for further engagementŸ South African National Parks (SanParks)Ÿ Farming Associations and;Ÿ Honourary Rangers
QuestionsWho is Responsible for Carbon Tax? Ÿ The National Treasury is responsible for the development of the Carbon Tax Policy Paper. Is there any other safer way to store CO rather than disposing it? 2
Ÿ SACCCS is not planning to dispose CO , but to store it safely and permanently in 2
geological formations.
The Eastern Cape Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEDEAT) provides oversight over two industrial development zones (The Coega IDZ and the East London IDZ, development financier, the Eastern Cape Development Corporation, the tourism and environmental management agency, the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency, the regulatory bodies governing gambling and liquor, the Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Board IDZ and the Eastern Cape Liquor Board IDZ.
SACCCS met with DEDEAT team headed by Mr Gerry Pienaar, Environmental Impact Management Senior Manager. Discussions revolved around the environmental impact caused by seismic activities, the suitability of the storage and the potential sites for the PCSP , the reality that stakeholders cannot grasp the technology at one sitting- therefore iterative consultations are imperative and as an Interested party/stakeholder, DEDEAT requested to be kept abreast on the project development. DEDEAT proposed that SACCCS must give consideration to sourcing the CO 2
from the province in particular from PPC and Orion Chemical.
SACCCS must consider engaging with the Dept. Environmental Affairs (HQ) , the Dept. Water & Sanitations (EC), Citrus Industry in Sundays River Valley Municipality , Sundays River Valley Education Scheme , Addo Elephant Park and COEGA IDZ.
SACCCS met with SALGA to provide feedback on its engagement with local municipalities in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu Natal provinces. SALGA has recommended that SACCCS engage with the affected municipalities directly. SALGA indicated that SACCCS is considered as one of SALGA's key stakeholders.Ÿ SALGA supports the concept of sharing knowledge on CCS before the commencement of the PCSP.Ÿ Intelligent Chauke (IC), Environment & Climate Change Specialist at SALGA indicated that the Policy and Governance structures within
SALGA were concerned about the impact of CO on the environment.2
Ÿ IC further emphasised that other SALGA divisions have been sensitised about the CCS project which of necessity will comply with the environmental and social impact requirements.
Ÿ SALGA proposed a collaboration on climate change education and awareness between SACCCS and SALGA’s structures.Ÿ SALGA to develop a draft of an Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) that will guide SACCCS collaboration with the association’s
municipalities.
The KZN DAFF Forestry section is divided into sections namely : Commercial Forestry, Forestry Regulations & Support, Woodland & Indigenous and Forestry Development and Management. The DAFF-Forestry branch in Pietermaritzburg focuses on forestry matters and is responsible for management and co-ordination of forestry matters in the KZN Province. A concern was raised that the e targeted potential sites fall within a high biodiversity area in South Africa. DAFF- Forestry division recommended that SACCCS meet with DAFF Land-Use and Soil Management Directorate.
QuestionsWill the stored CO be retracted/retrieved for future use? 2
Ÿ CCS technology has been deployed globally since the nineties for Climate Change purposes and the CO remains permanently stored under the ground. Taking out the CO 2 2
out of the ground will defeat the purpose of the CCS technology.What are the long term goals of CCS technology in South Africa? Ÿ Currently, the focus is on the PCSP which is planned to commence in 2017.Ÿ The future of CCS in South Africa will be determined by research findings on whether the
country has the suitable geological formations of storing CO safely under the ground. 2
Once the storage capacity is confirmed, the SA Roadmap indicates that Demonstration will follow in 2020 and Commercial roll-out in 2025.
Will the stored CO change the rock formations when it solidifies? 2
Ÿ The injection of CO can also slightly alter the minerals within the rock through chemical 2
reactions, although these changes tend to happen over very long periods of time and have limited effects on the overall structure of the rock – in fact this is one of the best ways
of permanently storing CO₂ when it reacts chemically with other minerals in the rock. Source: Q&A - IEAGHG Weyburn-Midale CO Monitoring and Storage Project 2
Is CO dangerous to the people?2
Ÿ CO is non-toxic, colourless, odourless and non-flammable and is a naturally-occurring substance in our environment – humans and animals 2
breathe out CO and plants need it to grow. CO only becomes harmful to humans when it is in very high concentrations. 2 2
Are there any previous incidents of CO leakage? 2
Ÿ To date, there hasn't been any CO leakage from a CCS project. The Lake Nyos disaster in Cameroon (1986) was a result of volcanic crater 2
below the lake which led to the eruption of CO and unfortunately many people and animals lost their lives. Lake Nyos was a naturally-2
occurring CO and not CCS related. 2
“ CO non-toxic, colourless, odourless and non-2
flammable and is a naturally-occurring substance in our environment – humans and animals breathe out CO and plants need it to grow. CO only becomes 2 2
harmful to humans when it is in very high concentrations. “
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder En &gagement Annual Report : 2014/1511 12
Sundays River Valley Local Municipality - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting7 April 2015,Kirkwood
Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality Multi-Disciplinary Task Team - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 8 April 2014, Port Elizabeth
Right - Figure 16: The NatLoc Plans outlines the Algoa Basins within NMBMImage Source : NatLoc Plans
Dept. of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs & Tourism (DEDEAT) - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 10 April 2014, Port Elizabeth
South African Local Government Association - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Feedback Meeting14 April 2014,Menlyn Pretoria
Figure 17 : Lake Nyos in Northen CameroonImage Source: Geo-Arizona
Figure 18: Coal fuels contribute over 90% of the country’s electricity production. Image Source: Power-Technology
KZN Department of Agriculture, Forestry & Fisheries - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting14 April 2015,Pietermaritzburg
2.4.3. Summary of PCSP Stakeholder Engagement Meetings
Eastern Cape Department of Water & Sanitation - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting11 July 2014, Port Elizabeth
The Department of Water & Sanitation (DW&S) is the South African department in charge of water and sanitation management as mandated by the National Water Act 108 of 1997 which provides for the rights of access to basic water supply and sanitation. DW&S awards Licenses for a period of between 20 to 40 years. However, given that the injected CO remains permanently stored in the sub-surface, DW&S 2
expressed the need to review its licensing period to accommodate CCS. DW&S highlighted that saline aquifers might be an issue with the DW&S as South Africa is facing water scarcity and there might desalinate deep saline aquifers in future.
Questions How long does it take for the CO to mineralize? 2
Ÿ It takes thousands of years for the CO to mineralize. 2
What is the footprint of the CO once the injected in the subsurface?2
Ÿ The CO will spread up to a kilometer radius while underground depending on the 2
size of the basin. Who is liable for the PCSP should there be a leak and who will be the licence holder?Ÿ SANEDI is the legal entity and therefore will be liable for anything that might go wrong.Ÿ SANEDI will be responsible for adherence to all licencing conditions. Has SACCCS considered other options to beneficiate CO rather than disposing of it?2
Ÿ South Africa is currently capturing about 200 tonnes of CO per year for industrial use. In addition, SACCCS explored other uses of CO but 2 2
the mandate is to store in geological formations as one way to mitigate against climate change.
Consensus reached that SACCCS must hold an information -sharing session with DW&S HQ's Policy division to address issues of saline aquifers and no go areas. SACCCS was further advised to familiarise itself with the no-go areas. SACCCS was urged to consider utilising the existing DW&S Schools Programme so as to share information and raise awareness on CCS. DW&S requested to be kept abreast on the PCSP.
Figure 21: Due to water scarcity is South Africa, DW&S might consider desalinating deep saline aquifers for potable water. Image Source: DW&S
AgriSA - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting17 July 2014,Centurion
AgriSA is a national body of farming associations with provincial structures and 24 commodity organisations in South Africa. AgriSA resort within Agri-Sector Unity Forum (ASUF) a platform where major organised agricultural associations develop policy and advocate issues for the common interest in the South African Agriculture sector. AgriSA deals with policy and issues that impact farmers. AgriSA has a section which deals with climate change disaster issues and represents commercial farmers.
Questions Has SACCCS considered other options to beneficiate CO rather than disposing of it, such as spekboom-rich vegetation?2
Ÿ SACCCS considered a number of CO permanent storage options including the Spekboom-rich vegetation, however the geological 2
formations were identified as more suitable for permanent storage. What will the farmers benefit if the project is to be sited in their back yards ?Ÿ Compensation will be considered should the project be sited on private property. The Pilot CO Storage Project (PCSP) is at an early stage 2
of development and SACCCS will not consider siting the project in the restricted areas. However, we are keen to involve the key stakeholders at an early stage of the project to keep them up-to date with the development of the project.
Will SACCCS store CO in the coal seams?2
Ÿ The Atlas on geological storage of carbon dioxide in South Africa indicated that unmineable coal seams may provide unique storage opportunities for smaller point sources. For the purpose of the PCSP, SACCCS will only consider storing in geological formations.
Are there any carbon rewards with Capturing CO ?2
Ÿ Currently South Africa does not have carbon rewards programme, however the National Treasury is currently facilitating the process of developing Carbon Tax policy in the country.
AgriSA stated that the debates on Shale Gas, especially in the Eastern Cape (EC) might create some uncertainties towards the PCSP, therefore SACCCS must be cautious when engaging with the farmers. AgriSA developed a protocol which deals with beneficiation of farmers and SACCCS can adopt the same protocol for CCS. AgriSA recommended that SACCCS can utilise the AGRI Magazine to share CCS information with the farmers and national government departments (with a readership of about 35 000).
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1514
The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) was established in the 1980s to cater for the rights of mining and industry related workers. The Union‘s vision includes to organise all Mine, Construction and Energy workers, to protect, promote and advance the interests of members.
NUM gave an overview background on their interest to CCS being undertaken in the country to address Climate Change challenges. NUM led COSATU Climate Change activities during the
thUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 17 Conference of Parties (COP 17) held in Durban. NUM gave an in-principle support towards the technology at the event. NUM also participated at COP 18 & 19 respectively.
NUM’s has interest in the technology coal will remain key in job creation and the economy of the country. NUM understands that CCS is needed as part of climate change mitigation technic. NUM have influence on climate change policies at COSATU Climate Change division. NUM supports the current work being conducted by SACCCS with regards to research and development to attain a state readiness for CCS. NUM requested a CCS workshop for the national representatives and shop-stewards.
Figure 19: NUM believe that CCS is relevant as South Africa is reliant on Coal for electricity generation.Image Source: Richards Bay Coal Terminal
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1513
National Union of Mine Workers - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting20 May 2014,Johanneburg
South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting9 July 2014,Pretoria Botanical Gardens
SANBI is responsible for gathering information on South African Biodiversity and assisting provinces in managing their biodiversity areas. SANBI works together with other organisations and individuals such as scientists to collect and analyse information on local biodiversity together with the help of scientists and researchers. SANBI has a Policy Advice section which deals with biodiversity environmental regulations. SANBI also influences decisions on environmental policy development. SANBI has a library and an Environmental Education Centre and various gardens through the country, with some of them in EC and KZN.
SANBI has published the National Biodiversity Assessment Document (2011) which entails information on : Ÿ Headline indicators and national maps for terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine and marine
movements. Ÿ Spatial biodiversity priority areas. The purpose of the 2011 document was to provide upfront information about threatened ecosystems and biodiversity priority areas.
Questions What will the impact of the PCSP be on the soil (land)? Ÿ The injected CO will not have impact on the top ground level for as long as there is no leakage.2
What kind of impact will the PCSP have on the nature (Biodiversity, vegetation)?Ÿ The Project can co-exist with the nature and will not have an impact on carbon-cycle, agriculture, animals and fauna and flora.Ÿ The main purpose of the project is to reduce CO emissions in the atmosphere , thus in return protecting the nature.2
How will the affected communities benefit from the Project?Ÿ The issue of leaving the legacy will be considered and a need analysis will be conducted with the affected communities.
Recommendations/Way FowardŸ SACCCS was advised to engage with the SANBI Environmental Education Centre for the School's project.Ÿ SANBI recommended that SACCCS engage with Department of Transport and Transnet regarding regulatory requirements for transportation
of CO .2
Ÿ SACCCS was also advised to familiarise itself with the National Biodiversity Assessment Document published in2011.
Figure 20: SANBI is responsible for gathering information on South African Biodiversity
“A geological assessment will be done to determine possible horizontal leakage passages. In addition, monitoring will be conducted focusing on the depth of the injection well and the layers, the reservoir
and brine water and the subsurface”
Eastern Cape Department of Water & Sanitation - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting11 July 2014, Port Elizabeth
The Department of Water & Sanitation (DW&S) is the South African department in charge of water and sanitation management as mandated by the National Water Act 108 of 1997 which provides for the rights of access to basic water supply and sanitation. DW&S awards Licenses for a period of between 20 to 40 years. However, given that the injected CO remains permanently stored in the sub-surface, DW&S 2
expressed the need to review its licensing period to accommodate CCS. DW&S highlighted that saline aquifers might be an issue with the DW&S as South Africa is facing water scarcity and there might desalinate deep saline aquifers in future.
Questions How long does it take for the CO to mineralize? 2
Ÿ It takes thousands of years for the CO to mineralize. 2
What is the footprint of the CO once the injected in the subsurface?2
Ÿ The CO will spread up to a kilometer radius while underground depending on the 2
size of the basin. Who is liable for the PCSP should there be a leak and who will be the licence holder?Ÿ SANEDI is the legal entity and therefore will be liable for anything that might go wrong.Ÿ SANEDI will be responsible for adherence to all licencing conditions. Has SACCCS considered other options to beneficiate CO rather than disposing of it?2
Ÿ South Africa is currently capturing about 200 tonnes of CO per year for industrial use. In addition, SACCCS explored other uses of CO but 2 2
the mandate is to store in geological formations as one way to mitigate against climate change.
Consensus reached that SACCCS must hold an information -sharing session with DW&S HQ's Policy division to address issues of saline aquifers and no go areas. SACCCS was further advised to familiarise itself with the no-go areas. SACCCS was urged to consider utilising the existing DW&S Schools Programme so as to share information and raise awareness on CCS. DW&S requested to be kept abreast on the PCSP.
Figure 21: Due to water scarcity is South Africa, DW&S might consider desalinating deep saline aquifers for potable water. Image Source: DW&S
AgriSA - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting17 July 2014,Centurion
AgriSA is a national body of farming associations with provincial structures and 24 commodity organisations in South Africa. AgriSA resort within Agri-Sector Unity Forum (ASUF) a platform where major organised agricultural associations develop policy and advocate issues for the common interest in the South African Agriculture sector. AgriSA deals with policy and issues that impact farmers. AgriSA has a section which deals with climate change disaster issues and represents commercial farmers.
Questions Has SACCCS considered other options to beneficiate CO rather than disposing of it, such as spekboom-rich vegetation?2
Ÿ SACCCS considered a number of CO permanent storage options including the Spekboom-rich vegetation, however the geological 2
formations were identified as more suitable for permanent storage. What will the farmers benefit if the project is to be sited in their back yards ?Ÿ Compensation will be considered should the project be sited on private property. The Pilot CO Storage Project (PCSP) is at an early stage 2
of development and SACCCS will not consider siting the project in the restricted areas. However, we are keen to involve the key stakeholders at an early stage of the project to keep them up-to date with the development of the project.
Will SACCCS store CO in the coal seams?2
Ÿ The Atlas on geological storage of carbon dioxide in South Africa indicated that unmineable coal seams may provide unique storage opportunities for smaller point sources. For the purpose of the PCSP, SACCCS will only consider storing in geological formations.
Are there any carbon rewards with Capturing CO ?2
Ÿ Currently South Africa does not have carbon rewards programme, however the National Treasury is currently facilitating the process of developing Carbon Tax policy in the country.
AgriSA stated that the debates on Shale Gas, especially in the Eastern Cape (EC) might create some uncertainties towards the PCSP, therefore SACCCS must be cautious when engaging with the farmers. AgriSA developed a protocol which deals with beneficiation of farmers and SACCCS can adopt the same protocol for CCS. AgriSA recommended that SACCCS can utilise the AGRI Magazine to share CCS information with the farmers and national government departments (with a readership of about 35 000).
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1514
The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) was established in the 1980s to cater for the rights of mining and industry related workers. The Union‘s vision includes to organise all Mine, Construction and Energy workers, to protect, promote and advance the interests of members.
NUM gave an overview background on their interest to CCS being undertaken in the country to address Climate Change challenges. NUM led COSATU Climate Change activities during the
thUnited Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) 17 Conference of Parties (COP 17) held in Durban. NUM gave an in-principle support towards the technology at the event. NUM also participated at COP 18 & 19 respectively.
NUM’s has interest in the technology coal will remain key in job creation and the economy of the country. NUM understands that CCS is needed as part of climate change mitigation technic. NUM have influence on climate change policies at COSATU Climate Change division. NUM supports the current work being conducted by SACCCS with regards to research and development to attain a state readiness for CCS. NUM requested a CCS workshop for the national representatives and shop-stewards.
Figure 19: NUM believe that CCS is relevant as South Africa is reliant on Coal for electricity generation.Image Source: Richards Bay Coal Terminal
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1513
National Union of Mine Workers - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting20 May 2014,Johanneburg
South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting9 July 2014,Pretoria Botanical Gardens
SANBI is responsible for gathering information on South African Biodiversity and assisting provinces in managing their biodiversity areas. SANBI works together with other organisations and individuals such as scientists to collect and analyse information on local biodiversity together with the help of scientists and researchers. SANBI has a Policy Advice section which deals with biodiversity environmental regulations. SANBI also influences decisions on environmental policy development. SANBI has a library and an Environmental Education Centre and various gardens through the country, with some of them in EC and KZN.
SANBI has published the National Biodiversity Assessment Document (2011) which entails information on : Ÿ Headline indicators and national maps for terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine and marine
movements. Ÿ Spatial biodiversity priority areas. The purpose of the 2011 document was to provide upfront information about threatened ecosystems and biodiversity priority areas.
Questions What will the impact of the PCSP be on the soil (land)? Ÿ The injected CO will not have impact on the top ground level for as long as there is no leakage.2
What kind of impact will the PCSP have on the nature (Biodiversity, vegetation)?Ÿ The Project can co-exist with the nature and will not have an impact on carbon-cycle, agriculture, animals and fauna and flora.Ÿ The main purpose of the project is to reduce CO emissions in the atmosphere , thus in return protecting the nature.2
How will the affected communities benefit from the Project?Ÿ The issue of leaving the legacy will be considered and a need analysis will be conducted with the affected communities.
Recommendations/Way FowardŸ SACCCS was advised to engage with the SANBI Environmental Education Centre for the School's project.Ÿ SANBI recommended that SACCCS engage with Department of Transport and Transnet regarding regulatory requirements for transportation
of CO .2
Ÿ SACCCS was also advised to familiarise itself with the National Biodiversity Assessment Document published in2011.
Figure 20: SANBI is responsible for gathering information on South African Biodiversity
“A geological assessment will be done to determine possible horizontal leakage passages. In addition, monitoring will be conducted focusing on the depth of the injection well and the layers, the reservoir
and brine water and the subsurface”
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1515 16
The Intergovernmental Commitee on Climate Change (IGCCC) was established based on Chapter 3 of the Constitution enjoins government agencies to operate in accordance with the principles of cooperative government and intergovernmental relations that it sets out. These include that: All spheres of government and all organs of state within each sphere must cooperate with one another in mutual trust and good faith by: (i) fostering friendly relations; (ii) assisting and supporting one another; (iii) informing one another of, and consulting one another on, matters of common interest; (iv) coordinating their actions and legislation with one another; (v) adhering to agreed procedures; and (vi) avoiding legal proceedings against one another(DEA,2015).
IGCCC was established to foster the exchange of information, consultation, agreement, assistance and support among the spheres of government with respect to climate change and government's response to climate change.
The Chairperson of the IGCCC gave an in-principle support of the PCSP and suggested that CCS should be part of the round table discussions on Climate Change . CCS is one of the Near-Term Flagship Programme on the Climate Change Response White Paper.
DEA Intergovernmental Committee on Climate Change - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Committee Meeting 23 July 2014,Boksburg
National Department of Water & Sanitation - DW&S - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting22 August 2014,Pretoria
The Department of Water & Sanitation (DW&S) is the South African department in charge of water and sanitation management as mandated by the National Water Act 108 of 1997 which provides for the rights of access to basic water supply and sanitation at national level. This was a follow-up of a meeting held with Dr Smangele Mgquba and the Climate Change Directorate on 31 January 2014 as well as DW & S meeting in Eastern Cape.
Questions What are the impacts on water during the drilling phase in a CCS project? Ÿ There is no impact on underground water, the wells are
cased. Ÿ CCS specific cement is used to cement the steel casing,
so to protect the fresh water.Ÿ There is 3x3 casing layers consisting of steel and cement. Is SACCCS considering vertical cementing at the exclusion of horizontal cementing considering the table water runs horizontally?Ÿ A geological assessment will be done to determine
possible horizontal leakage passages. In addition, monitoring will be conducted on the following;
- Depth of the injection well and the layers. - Reservoir. - Brine water and the subsurface. Are there no chemicals involved with the CCS technology?Ÿ No, it’s only the CO that will be stored. The captured CO 2 2
will be separated from other gasses. The options available for capturing the CO are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel. 2
What are the short and long term risks associated with the project? Ÿ A risk assessment of the two basins being developed to determine the potentials risks and applicable mitigation measures. Has SACCCS considered the climate change setting/patterns that might change the water table formations such as floods or drought? Ÿ The available data is not certain, however more studies need to be done to study the impact of climate change patterns/settings on the aquifers.What will inform the implementation of this technology? Ÿ Suitable geological storage, public acceptance and policy regulations that are being development by the Inter-Departmental Task Team, which
consist of , DoE, DEA, DAFF, DST and DW&S.
DW&S stated that due to water scarcity in the country sources of such as fossil water might be considered. DW&S further stated that the first drilling exploration needs to be emphasised on groundwater. SACCCS committed that the exploration process will include assessment on groundwater. Before commencing with the Project and socio - economic impact study will be conducted.
Figure 22: The CO injection well is cased with three layers of steel & cement to prevent ground water contamination 2
Image Source: CO CRC2
SACCCS met with Greenpeace Africa’s Climate and Energy division. Internationally, Greenpeace has been in existence for 40 years and the South African office was established in 2009. Greenpeace has three offices in Africa focusing on four areas, namely; Senegal with emphasis placed on ocean matters; DRC with the focus on Forestry; and SA focuses on two areas respectively, Land and Environmental issues.
Greenpeace reiterated that it is anti-coal and opposes any new investments and initiatives that prolongs coal usage as an energy source. The organisation is campaigning for energy switch in South Africa, from coal and nuclear to renewables. Greenpeace raised a concern about the amount of coal that is being used in the country and its protestation on new investment in nuclear technology. Greenpeace is concerned that the SA CCS Roadmap doesn't have clear timelines i.e. from PCSP to the Demonstration Phase.
Greenpeace stated that the government has the political will to invest in the continuous use of coal and not renewable energy. Furthermore Greenpeace raised a concern about the unpredictability of CO highlighting that it tends to 2
react unexpectedly.
The organisation enquired about the efficiency of the project given that CCS uses water (there is scarcity in the country) and electricity (Load shedding and black outs). Greenpeace is skeptical about the CCS technology, it holds the view that CCS will not work as a measure to mitigate against Climate Change.
Greenpeace Africa - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Committee Meeting 5 September 2014,Johanneburg
Ezemvelo KZN WildLife - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 16 September 2014,Pietermaritzburg
Ezemvelo KZN WildLife (EKZNW) is entrusted with the long-term conservation of the province's rich biodiversity. Ezemvelo is internationally
recognised for white rhino and sea turtle conservation and for its community conservation outreach programmes. Many initiatives now focus on low
income communities in close proximity to the protected areas. Ezemvelo manages some of the country’s World Heritage Sites such as The
iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park. The organisation has been entrusted to care for the ecosystems. The
iSimangaliso Wetland Park along with uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park and Ndumo, are wetlands of international importance listed as Ramsar
Convention international wetland sites (EKZNW, 2014).
Questions When will SACCCS determine whether or not there is storage in South Africa?
Ÿ This can only be determined once the data analysis of the basins has been completed.
Ÿ However The Atlas on geological storage of CO in South Africa indicates that there is 150Gt of storage potential in South Africa. 98% is off-shore 2
and 2% is on-shore.
What is the assurance that when the earth moves the CO will not escape? Especially after the recent tremors experienced in the 2
country?
Ÿ The depth at which CO is injected pose little chances that CO will escape once stored in geological formations.2 2
Would the drilling not have adverse impacts on the communities where the project will be?
Ÿ The drilling will have minimal impact to the communities as there could be only minor vibrations. The PCSP is envisaged to be away from the
communities.
Will there be rehabilitation after some species have been removed?
Ÿ CCS is one of the climate change mitigation methods and SACCCS will abide with all the environmental requirements for the deployment of the
technology. In addition, SACCCS has no intentions to remove any species in the areas of interest.
Ezemvelo highly recommended that SACCCS consider establishing a Provincial Technical Task Team. It was emphasised that it is imperative to
understand cultural dynamics in the areas of interest i.e. when dealing with the Traditional Authorities. SACCCS was advised to consider
infrastructure as part of legacy especially in the UMhlabuyalingana Local Municipality.
Figure 23: Greenpeace is opposed to initiatives that could prolong the use of coal. Image Source: Power Technologies.
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1515 16
The Intergovernmental Commitee on Climate Change (IGCCC) was established based on Chapter 3 of the Constitution enjoins government agencies to operate in accordance with the principles of cooperative government and intergovernmental relations that it sets out. These include that: All spheres of government and all organs of state within each sphere must cooperate with one another in mutual trust and good faith by: (i) fostering friendly relations; (ii) assisting and supporting one another; (iii) informing one another of, and consulting one another on, matters of common interest; (iv) coordinating their actions and legislation with one another; (v) adhering to agreed procedures; and (vi) avoiding legal proceedings against one another(DEA,2015).
IGCCC was established to foster the exchange of information, consultation, agreement, assistance and support among the spheres of government with respect to climate change and government's response to climate change.
The Chairperson of the IGCCC gave an in-principle support of the PCSP and suggested that CCS should be part of the round table discussions on Climate Change . CCS is one of the Near-Term Flagship Programme on the Climate Change Response White Paper.
DEA Intergovernmental Committee on Climate Change - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Committee Meeting 23 July 2014,Boksburg
National Department of Water & Sanitation - DW&S - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting22 August 2014,Pretoria
The Department of Water & Sanitation (DW&S) is the South African department in charge of water and sanitation management as mandated by the National Water Act 108 of 1997 which provides for the rights of access to basic water supply and sanitation at national level. This was a follow-up of a meeting held with Dr Smangele Mgquba and the Climate Change Directorate on 31 January 2014 as well as DW & S meeting in Eastern Cape.
Questions What are the impacts on water during the drilling phase in a CCS project? Ÿ There is no impact on underground water, the wells are
cased. Ÿ CCS specific cement is used to cement the steel casing,
so to protect the fresh water.Ÿ There is 3x3 casing layers consisting of steel and cement. Is SACCCS considering vertical cementing at the exclusion of horizontal cementing considering the table water runs horizontally?Ÿ A geological assessment will be done to determine
possible horizontal leakage passages. In addition, monitoring will be conducted on the following;
- Depth of the injection well and the layers. - Reservoir. - Brine water and the subsurface. Are there no chemicals involved with the CCS technology?Ÿ No, it’s only the CO that will be stored. The captured CO 2 2
will be separated from other gasses. The options available for capturing the CO are pre-combustion, post-combustion and oxyfuel. 2
What are the short and long term risks associated with the project? Ÿ A risk assessment of the two basins being developed to determine the potentials risks and applicable mitigation measures. Has SACCCS considered the climate change setting/patterns that might change the water table formations such as floods or drought? Ÿ The available data is not certain, however more studies need to be done to study the impact of climate change patterns/settings on the aquifers.What will inform the implementation of this technology? Ÿ Suitable geological storage, public acceptance and policy regulations that are being development by the Inter-Departmental Task Team, which
consist of , DoE, DEA, DAFF, DST and DW&S.
DW&S stated that due to water scarcity in the country sources of such as fossil water might be considered. DW&S further stated that the first drilling exploration needs to be emphasised on groundwater. SACCCS committed that the exploration process will include assessment on groundwater. Before commencing with the Project and socio - economic impact study will be conducted.
Figure 22: The CO injection well is cased with three layers of steel & cement to prevent ground water contamination 2
Image Source: CO CRC2
SACCCS met with Greenpeace Africa’s Climate and Energy division. Internationally, Greenpeace has been in existence for 40 years and the South African office was established in 2009. Greenpeace has three offices in Africa focusing on four areas, namely; Senegal with emphasis placed on ocean matters; DRC with the focus on Forestry; and SA focuses on two areas respectively, Land and Environmental issues.
Greenpeace reiterated that it is anti-coal and opposes any new investments and initiatives that prolongs coal usage as an energy source. The organisation is campaigning for energy switch in South Africa, from coal and nuclear to renewables. Greenpeace raised a concern about the amount of coal that is being used in the country and its protestation on new investment in nuclear technology. Greenpeace is concerned that the SA CCS Roadmap doesn't have clear timelines i.e. from PCSP to the Demonstration Phase.
Greenpeace stated that the government has the political will to invest in the continuous use of coal and not renewable energy. Furthermore Greenpeace raised a concern about the unpredictability of CO highlighting that it tends to 2
react unexpectedly.
The organisation enquired about the efficiency of the project given that CCS uses water (there is scarcity in the country) and electricity (Load shedding and black outs). Greenpeace is skeptical about the CCS technology, it holds the view that CCS will not work as a measure to mitigate against Climate Change.
Greenpeace Africa - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Committee Meeting 5 September 2014,Johanneburg
Ezemvelo KZN WildLife - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 16 September 2014,Pietermaritzburg
Ezemvelo KZN WildLife (EKZNW) is entrusted with the long-term conservation of the province's rich biodiversity. Ezemvelo is internationally
recognised for white rhino and sea turtle conservation and for its community conservation outreach programmes. Many initiatives now focus on low
income communities in close proximity to the protected areas. Ezemvelo manages some of the country’s World Heritage Sites such as The
iSimangaliso Wetland Park and the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park. The organisation has been entrusted to care for the ecosystems. The
iSimangaliso Wetland Park along with uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park and Ndumo, are wetlands of international importance listed as Ramsar
Convention international wetland sites (EKZNW, 2014).
Questions When will SACCCS determine whether or not there is storage in South Africa?
Ÿ This can only be determined once the data analysis of the basins has been completed.
Ÿ However The Atlas on geological storage of CO in South Africa indicates that there is 150Gt of storage potential in South Africa. 98% is off-shore 2
and 2% is on-shore.
What is the assurance that when the earth moves the CO will not escape? Especially after the recent tremors experienced in the 2
country?
Ÿ The depth at which CO is injected pose little chances that CO will escape once stored in geological formations.2 2
Would the drilling not have adverse impacts on the communities where the project will be?
Ÿ The drilling will have minimal impact to the communities as there could be only minor vibrations. The PCSP is envisaged to be away from the
communities.
Will there be rehabilitation after some species have been removed?
Ÿ CCS is one of the climate change mitigation methods and SACCCS will abide with all the environmental requirements for the deployment of the
technology. In addition, SACCCS has no intentions to remove any species in the areas of interest.
Ezemvelo highly recommended that SACCCS consider establishing a Provincial Technical Task Team. It was emphasised that it is imperative to
understand cultural dynamics in the areas of interest i.e. when dealing with the Traditional Authorities. SACCCS was advised to consider
infrastructure as part of legacy especially in the UMhlabuyalingana Local Municipality.
Figure 23: Greenpeace is opposed to initiatives that could prolong the use of coal. Image Source: Power Technologies.
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1517 18
The meeting with DAFF Land Use & Soil Management was recommended by with KZN DAFF (Forestry and Fisheries Division) on 5 May 2014. The mandate of DAFF Land Use & Soil Management division is to safely manage and monitor land use in order to protect food security. KZN DAFF LU & SM commended the South African government for its commitment to reduce CO emissions to address climate change 2
challenges.
Questions Has it been proven that the CO cannot leak?2
Ÿ Globally, there are six large CCS projects and more than thirty small scale projects since 1996, and no leakage has been reported.
How do the Scientists/Geologists know if CO remains in geological storage for 2
hundreds of years?Ÿ The rock formations used to store CO are similar to the conventional oil reservoirs which 2
have kept oil and gas for millions of years. This gives us confidence and comfort that the CO will stay in the formations for millions of years.2
What impact will the CCS project have on the soil?Ÿ The project will not have a negative impact on the soil use as no chemicals will be used. Ÿ In addition, once the site has been selected, the soil samples will be taken to the laboratory for tests. Soil flux and other monitoring equipment
will be deployed to ensure minimum impact thereof.What kind of specialists will be required for the Project?The project will require a variety of specialists such as Geologists, Geophysicists, Technicians, and Project Managers etc.
KZN-DAFF : LUSM recommended that SACCCS should consider to arrange a workshop/meeting with all key stakeholders in the KZN Province to agree on the siting of the PCSP taking cognizance of applicable requisite legislations. SACCCS was urged to familiarise themselves with the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act (CARA) and other legislations that may have impact on the project.
KZN Department of Agriculture Forestry & Fisheries : Land Use & Soil Management - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 20 October 2014,Pietermaritzburg
KZN Department of Rural Development & Land Reform - DRDLR - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting20 October 2014,Pietermaritzburg
The mandate of the KZN Department of Rural Development and Land Reform is to provide and support the development of spatial planning tools in support of the effective Spatial Development of the Provincial ,District and Local Municipalities Spatial Development Frameworks and precinct plans, to provide support to planning institutions and land use regulators and to monitor compliance with the provisions of land use management legislation.
Questions Is this a fully South African initiative or the international companies are just looking for storage space in South Africa?Ÿ SACCCS has been mandated by the Department of Energy (DoE) to investigate the technical potential for CCS in South African geological
formations. However, the World Bank Group and the Norwegian Embassy have shown interest through monetary support for the development of the PCSP as part of the climate change mitigation.
How much space will be required?Ÿ The pilot project will not require the utilization of big space. In the sub-surface the project will spread up to 1 km radius. While on the surface the
2project will require around 2025m (Almost half of a soccer pitch) of land use which include an injection well, monitoring well and the visitors' Centre.
Will the land used for the project be suitable for future use? Ÿ The project can co-exist with community and agricultural activities . The Canadian Weyburn-Midale Project and the Australian C0 CRC Outway 2
project are surrounded by farms.How efficient are the trapping techniques?Ÿ During site selection, one of the main considerations includes the capability of the storage site to store CO safely and permanently in geological 2
formations. The trapping mechanism at a carefully chosen storage site can stop the CO from escaping into the atmosphere.2
DRDRL takes cognizance that SACCCS has engaged with most of the relevant stakeholders, however, it was emphasised that the consultation with Ingonyama Trust Board is crucial as they own the majority of the land within UMkhanyakude District. SACCCS will be working with DAFF and other government departments to ensure that the project doesn't impact negatively on other national priorities.
Amafa / Heritage KwaZulu Natali is the provincial heritage conservation agency for KwaZulu Natal. Amafa was established as a statutory body in terms of the KZN Heritage Act of 1997replaced by the KZN Heritage Act of 2008. Amafa manages several major heritage projects such as the Isandlwana Battlefield, Border Cave archaeological site and the KwaZulu Cultural Museum. Amafa administers the permit process for demolition and alteration of protected structures in KZN.
Amafa advised that the PCSP site must be at least ten (10) kilometres away from the National Heritage Sites and five (5) kilometres away from Cultural/Local Heritage Sites. SACCCS must consider implementing the Watch and Brief method (a method of preserving archaeological remains by record in the face of development threat). This might require the service of a Heritage/Archaeological Practitioner who will be responsible for the record of archaeological deposits, fossils, informal burials and other heritage infrastructure where the project is likely to take place. The clearing of the roads and the construction of the project can impact on the intangible archaeological/heritage infrastructure. The project must not only focus on environmental conservation, heritage conservation must also be considered. In addition, Amafa emphasized the importance of early engagement.
Questions What legal processes will be used to regulate CCS technology in South Africa? Ÿ There are no CCS specific regulations in South Africa, however, the Department of Energy (DoE) is championing the Interdepartmental Task
Team (IDTT) which looks at the regulations and environmental issues. In addition, SACCCS is working very close with the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) as the permitting authority for prospecting.
Does CCS involve capturing the CO in the atmosphere? 2
Ÿ CCS involves capturing CO from large facility sources such as coal fired power plants, transporting it to a storage site and injecting it in 2
geological formations. The aim is to prevent the release of large quantities of CO into the atmosphere, as a climate change mitigation measure.2
What informed the Atlas? Ÿ The Atlas on geological storage for carbon dioxide in South Africa was developed to get a broader understanding of the South African geology
for CCS. Part of the research included the study of pre-existing rock cores which were drilled by SOEKOR in the 70s.Ÿ The Atlas states that, in theory there is about 150 Giga tonnes potential storage of which 98% is offshore and 2% onshore. Ÿ For the purpose of the PCSP, SACCCS will be exploring onshore. Is the area for the PCSP not in the World Heritage Site (iSimangaliso)? Ÿ The site for the PCSP has not yet been identified. However SACCCS will not consider injecting at the Heritage Site or any
heritage/environmentally sensitive area.
Amafa KZN Heritage - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 21 October 2014,Pietermaritzburg
Earthlife Africa -ELA - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 12 November 2014, Johannesburg
Earthlife Africa's (ELA) Johannesburg branch was founded in 1988 to mobilise civil society around environmental issues in relation to people. The organisation has branches in Cape Town, eThekwini (formerly Durban) and Tshwane (formerly Pretoria), as well as in Windhoek, Namibia. Branches are autonomous, but linked through the ELA Statement of Belief and common campaign activities. Earthlife Africa Johannesburg largest campaign is the Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Project. SACCCS met with the Sustainable Energy & Climate Change Project division, their mandate is to advocate for a transition to a low-carbon and renewable economy.
Earthlife Africa reiterated its stance that they do not support CCS technology because they believe it is unrealistic and it prolongs the use of coal. ELA was concerned that the distance between the potential storage sites and the point sources will contribute to CO emissions during transportation. EarthLife Africa 2
was involved in drafting documentation that resulted in CCS being considered as a Flagship Programme in the Climate Change Response White Paper along with Dr. Surridge of SACCCS.
Questions Why is SACCCS engaging stakeholders whereas the storage sites are yet to be identified? Ÿ SACCCS stated that proactive engagements are intended to inform stakeholders early in accordance with the international best practices
before the piloting takes place.Where will the capture plants of the CO be located? 2
Ÿ Capture plant sources have not yet been identified. Ÿ Some of the stakeholders engaged thus far have recommended that the CO should be captured at local point sources such as COEGA IDZ in 2
EC and Richards Bay IDZ in KZN.When will the CCS policy document be ready for public comment? Ÿ The DoE is currently looking into CCS policy. As a norm, it will be made available for public opinion/comments once it has been developed.
Left - Figure 24 : South Africa contributes over 1% of global CO 2
emissions. Image Source: Union of Concerned Scientists.
Figure 25: Stakeholders recommended that COEGA
IDZ in Port Elizabeth be considered for CO capturing2
Image Source: coega.com
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1517 18
The meeting with DAFF Land Use & Soil Management was recommended by with KZN DAFF (Forestry and Fisheries Division) on 5 May 2014. The mandate of DAFF Land Use & Soil Management division is to safely manage and monitor land use in order to protect food security. KZN DAFF LU & SM commended the South African government for its commitment to reduce CO emissions to address climate change 2
challenges.
Questions Has it been proven that the CO cannot leak?2
Ÿ Globally, there are six large CCS projects and more than thirty small scale projects since 1996, and no leakage has been reported.
How do the Scientists/Geologists know if CO remains in geological storage for 2
hundreds of years?Ÿ The rock formations used to store CO are similar to the conventional oil reservoirs which 2
have kept oil and gas for millions of years. This gives us confidence and comfort that the CO will stay in the formations for millions of years.2
What impact will the CCS project have on the soil?Ÿ The project will not have a negative impact on the soil use as no chemicals will be used. Ÿ In addition, once the site has been selected, the soil samples will be taken to the laboratory for tests. Soil flux and other monitoring equipment
will be deployed to ensure minimum impact thereof.What kind of specialists will be required for the Project?The project will require a variety of specialists such as Geologists, Geophysicists, Technicians, and Project Managers etc.
KZN-DAFF : LUSM recommended that SACCCS should consider to arrange a workshop/meeting with all key stakeholders in the KZN Province to agree on the siting of the PCSP taking cognizance of applicable requisite legislations. SACCCS was urged to familiarise themselves with the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act (CARA) and other legislations that may have impact on the project.
KZN Department of Agriculture Forestry & Fisheries : Land Use & Soil Management - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 20 October 2014,Pietermaritzburg
KZN Department of Rural Development & Land Reform - DRDLR - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting20 October 2014,Pietermaritzburg
The mandate of the KZN Department of Rural Development and Land Reform is to provide and support the development of spatial planning tools in support of the effective Spatial Development of the Provincial ,District and Local Municipalities Spatial Development Frameworks and precinct plans, to provide support to planning institutions and land use regulators and to monitor compliance with the provisions of land use management legislation.
Questions Is this a fully South African initiative or the international companies are just looking for storage space in South Africa?Ÿ SACCCS has been mandated by the Department of Energy (DoE) to investigate the technical potential for CCS in South African geological
formations. However, the World Bank Group and the Norwegian Embassy have shown interest through monetary support for the development of the PCSP as part of the climate change mitigation.
How much space will be required?Ÿ The pilot project will not require the utilization of big space. In the sub-surface the project will spread up to 1 km radius. While on the surface the
2project will require around 2025m (Almost half of a soccer pitch) of land use which include an injection well, monitoring well and the visitors' Centre.
Will the land used for the project be suitable for future use? Ÿ The project can co-exist with community and agricultural activities . The Canadian Weyburn-Midale Project and the Australian C0 CRC Outway 2
project are surrounded by farms.How efficient are the trapping techniques?Ÿ During site selection, one of the main considerations includes the capability of the storage site to store CO safely and permanently in geological 2
formations. The trapping mechanism at a carefully chosen storage site can stop the CO from escaping into the atmosphere.2
DRDRL takes cognizance that SACCCS has engaged with most of the relevant stakeholders, however, it was emphasised that the consultation with Ingonyama Trust Board is crucial as they own the majority of the land within UMkhanyakude District. SACCCS will be working with DAFF and other government departments to ensure that the project doesn't impact negatively on other national priorities.
Amafa / Heritage KwaZulu Natali is the provincial heritage conservation agency for KwaZulu Natal. Amafa was established as a statutory body in terms of the KZN Heritage Act of 1997replaced by the KZN Heritage Act of 2008. Amafa manages several major heritage projects such as the Isandlwana Battlefield, Border Cave archaeological site and the KwaZulu Cultural Museum. Amafa administers the permit process for demolition and alteration of protected structures in KZN.
Amafa advised that the PCSP site must be at least ten (10) kilometres away from the National Heritage Sites and five (5) kilometres away from Cultural/Local Heritage Sites. SACCCS must consider implementing the Watch and Brief method (a method of preserving archaeological remains by record in the face of development threat). This might require the service of a Heritage/Archaeological Practitioner who will be responsible for the record of archaeological deposits, fossils, informal burials and other heritage infrastructure where the project is likely to take place. The clearing of the roads and the construction of the project can impact on the intangible archaeological/heritage infrastructure. The project must not only focus on environmental conservation, heritage conservation must also be considered. In addition, Amafa emphasized the importance of early engagement.
Questions What legal processes will be used to regulate CCS technology in South Africa? Ÿ There are no CCS specific regulations in South Africa, however, the Department of Energy (DoE) is championing the Interdepartmental Task
Team (IDTT) which looks at the regulations and environmental issues. In addition, SACCCS is working very close with the Department of Mineral Resources (DMR) as the permitting authority for prospecting.
Does CCS involve capturing the CO in the atmosphere? 2
Ÿ CCS involves capturing CO from large facility sources such as coal fired power plants, transporting it to a storage site and injecting it in 2
geological formations. The aim is to prevent the release of large quantities of CO into the atmosphere, as a climate change mitigation measure.2
What informed the Atlas? Ÿ The Atlas on geological storage for carbon dioxide in South Africa was developed to get a broader understanding of the South African geology
for CCS. Part of the research included the study of pre-existing rock cores which were drilled by SOEKOR in the 70s.Ÿ The Atlas states that, in theory there is about 150 Giga tonnes potential storage of which 98% is offshore and 2% onshore. Ÿ For the purpose of the PCSP, SACCCS will be exploring onshore. Is the area for the PCSP not in the World Heritage Site (iSimangaliso)? Ÿ The site for the PCSP has not yet been identified. However SACCCS will not consider injecting at the Heritage Site or any
heritage/environmentally sensitive area.
Amafa KZN Heritage - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 21 October 2014,Pietermaritzburg
Earthlife Africa -ELA - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 12 November 2014, Johannesburg
Earthlife Africa's (ELA) Johannesburg branch was founded in 1988 to mobilise civil society around environmental issues in relation to people. The organisation has branches in Cape Town, eThekwini (formerly Durban) and Tshwane (formerly Pretoria), as well as in Windhoek, Namibia. Branches are autonomous, but linked through the ELA Statement of Belief and common campaign activities. Earthlife Africa Johannesburg largest campaign is the Sustainable Energy and Climate Change Project. SACCCS met with the Sustainable Energy & Climate Change Project division, their mandate is to advocate for a transition to a low-carbon and renewable economy.
Earthlife Africa reiterated its stance that they do not support CCS technology because they believe it is unrealistic and it prolongs the use of coal. ELA was concerned that the distance between the potential storage sites and the point sources will contribute to CO emissions during transportation. EarthLife Africa 2
was involved in drafting documentation that resulted in CCS being considered as a Flagship Programme in the Climate Change Response White Paper along with Dr. Surridge of SACCCS.
Questions Why is SACCCS engaging stakeholders whereas the storage sites are yet to be identified? Ÿ SACCCS stated that proactive engagements are intended to inform stakeholders early in accordance with the international best practices
before the piloting takes place.Where will the capture plants of the CO be located? 2
Ÿ Capture plant sources have not yet been identified. Ÿ Some of the stakeholders engaged thus far have recommended that the CO should be captured at local point sources such as COEGA IDZ in 2
EC and Richards Bay IDZ in KZN.When will the CCS policy document be ready for public comment? Ÿ The DoE is currently looking into CCS policy. As a norm, it will be made available for public opinion/comments once it has been developed.
Left - Figure 24 : South Africa contributes over 1% of global CO 2
emissions. Image Source: Union of Concerned Scientists.
Figure 25: Stakeholders recommended that COEGA
IDZ in Port Elizabeth be considered for CO capturing2
Image Source: coega.com
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1520
Ingonyama Trust Board (ITB) is an entity responsible for administration of Ingonyama Trust land which is about 2.8 million hectares in extent spread throughout the province of KwaZulu – Natal in the republic of South Africa. The Ingonyama Trust was established in 1994 by the KwaZulu Ingonyama Trust Act, (Act No 3 of 1994) to hold the land in title for "the benefit, material welfare and social well-being of the members of the tribes and communities" living on the land. ITB raised a concern with regards to Environmental and Social issues in KZN relatinng to the PCSP such as the protocol when approaching the Traditional Leaders. In addition, the Traditional authorities (TA) will not buy-in to the PCSP if it does not have immediate benefits the communities that might be affected. SACCCS stated that they are aware of those issues and assured ITB that they are taken seriously. Once SACCCS has presented to the ITB MANCO/Board, a decision will be made on a way forward wrt to engaging with the TAs.
Once the TAs have been engaged, an ITB2 form must be signed off by both parties (SACCCS & TA's) stating that ITB agrees to the project proposal. ITB emphasised that a legal document must be signed on the resolution arising from the consultation with the individual Traditional Authorities. As a norm, Traditional Leaders will have to be addressed in IsiZulu and the technical aspects of CCS must be toned down to make it easy for them to understand
Questions What are the plans with regards to the legacy issues? Ÿ SACCCS has engaged with and will continue to engage with the local municipality structures with regard to the issue of leaving the legacy
behind.Ÿ SACCCS intends working in synergies with the Traditional authorities to gain an insight on how to plough back to the affected communities.Ÿ SACCCS is serious about leaving legacy behind to address the socio-economic challenges such as limited access to potable water and
electricity in the potential sites of the affected communities should these be confirmed for siting.What is the storage depth?Ÿ The Storage of CO is about 800m or more below the sub-surface. The size of the project will be within one kilometre radius of the land required.2
What safety measure will be undertaken? Ÿ SACCCS will ensure precautionary safety measures pre- during and post implementation phases of the Pilot Project. To minimize the risks,
monitoring take place through the project life cycle.Where will the capture plants of the CO be located? 2
Ÿ Capture plant sources have not yet been identified. Ÿ Some of the stakeholders engaged thus far have recommended that the CO should be captured at local point sources such as COEGA IDZ in 2
EC and Richards Bay IDZ in KZN.Who is funding the PCSP? Ÿ The project is funded by the South African Government through the Department of Energy (DoE), the World Bank Group, local and international
industry, the Agence Francaise Developpment (AFD) as well as the Norwegian government.
Ingonyama Trust Board - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 17 December 2014,Pietermaritzburg
KZN Department Cooperative Governance & Traditional Affairs - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 13 February 2015 , Pietermaritzburg
Figure 27: Members attending the opening in Parliament of the National House of Traditional Leaders pictured with President Jacob Zuma. Image Source: parliament.gov.za
The mandates of the Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs (KZN CoGTA) are embodied in the following Sections of the Constitution, 1996: Section 139, which provides for provincial invention in local government. Section 154 , which determines that provincial government must provide support and capacity-building to municipalities , assist municipalities to manage their own affairs, to exercise their powers and functions and Section 155(5) and (6) which determines the types of municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal.
SACCCS met with Mr. Rudi Hillermann (RH), Senior Manager: Traditional Council Land Administration Support. RH requested SANEDI/SACCCS team to conduct a presentation to the Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA) Executive Committee (EXCO) whereby all senior managers will be available to solicit support for the project. RH advised SACCCS to take cognisance of the following matters during the consultations: (i) Planning, development and governance plans,(ii) Intergovernmental/ interdepartmental programmes. RH further emphasised that protocol must be observed at all times when consulting with the TAs (AmaKhosi). RH highly recommended that SACCCS must consider changing the name of Zululand Basin to UMkhanyakude because of geo-political connotations in the province.
Questions Is SACCCS/SANEDI linked to University of KwaZulu-Natal? Ÿ SACCCS does not have formalised relationship with UKZN. However , SACCCS offers bursaries as part of capacity building to Master's and
Doctorate (PhD) level. One of the bursary beneficiaries is currently studying towards a PhD programme at the UKZN.
Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage 19
GroundWork is a non-profit environmental justice service and developmental organisation. GroundWork places particular emphasis on assisting vulnerable and previously disadvantaged people who are most affected by environmental injustices. GroundWork is guided by Section 24 of the SA Constitution which provides that everyone has the right to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being. The South Durban Community Environmental Alliance (SDCEA) was established in 1996 as an environmental justice organisation based in the Durban South. SDCEA is made up of 16 affiliate organisations, including GroundWork.
GroundWork and SDCEA do not support CCS technology as it prolongs the use of coal. A concern was raised about the potential storage sites being far from the point sources. GroundWork and SDCEA stated that they are more interested in the commercial phase of CCS in South Africa. GroundWork's preference is to see more investments channelled to renewables.
Questions What does CCS-Ready (CCSR) mean? Ÿ ESKOM will be approached for a response. In the meantime SACCCS
understanding is that it refers to a large-scale CCS-Ready industrial or power source facility which could and is intended to be retrofitted with CCS technology when the necessary regulatory and economic drivers are in place. The aim of building new facilities or modifying existing facilities to be CCS-Ready is to reduce the risk of carbon emission lock-in or of being unable to fully utilise the facilities in the future without CCS (stranded assets).
Why is SACCCS piloting on-shore and not off-shore where there is more potential storage capacity?Ÿ The cost of going offshore is expensive considering that the PCSP is envisaged to inject in an order of 10 000 to 50 000 tonnes of CO . 2
Ÿ In addition, SACCCS' mandate is to conduct CCS research & development, build capacity (both human and technical), as well as to prepare a state of readiness for CCS Pilot CO Storage Project. 2
Ÿ Therefore pursuing off-shore route would be an expensive exercise as capacity building beneficiaries need to visit the site.What is the difference between the Pilot Project and the Demonstration phase?Ÿ The difference between the Pilot & Demonstration phase is the scale. Ÿ The PCSP will be injecting in an order of 10 000/50 000 tonnes of CO whereas the Demonstration phase will be injecting in the order of 1000 2
000 tonnes of CO per year.2
What will be the impact on health to the people near PCSP?Ÿ None as there are projects globally where CCS is deployed and the community, the fauna and flora co-exist harmoniously.What's the progress with regard to the profiling of the site?Ÿ SACCCS is working very closely with the CGS to analyse the cores from an oil drilling project that was done by SOEKOR in the 1970s.
GroundWork & South Durban Environmental Community Alliance - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 18 November 2014,Durban
Water Research Commission (WRC) - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting20 November 2014, Sandton
The Water Research Commission (was established in terms of the Water Research Act (Act No 34 of 1971), following a period of serious water shortage. It was established to generate new knowledge and to promote the country’s water research purposefully, owing to the view held that
stwater would be one of South Africa’s most limiting factors in the 21 century. Water Research Commission will be embarking on a Deep Hydrologic Project around April 2015 in order to understand the deep saline aquifers and to investigate the possibility of drilling groundwater for human use.
WRC raised a concern about the possibility that CCS could activate earthquakes during the injection phase. In response SACCCS stated that The underground injection and storage of CO , as with all underground industrial activities, can lead to seismic vibrations. These vibrations however 2
would be very small, similar in size to those created by the filling and emptying of a large water reservoir or dam. These vibrations will be substantially smaller than what is typically considered an earthquake and would unlikely be detectable by humans, even if they are in close proximity to the Pilot CO2 Storage Project. WRC would like to be involved with any groundwater-related matters during the PCSP.
Questions How will the CO be transported?2
Ÿ The CO will be transported by tanker trucks in a liquid state. The truck emissions have been calculated and they will be about two percent (2%) 2
as compared to the CO that will be transported which will be about 20 tonnes. 2
What is the depth of SOEKOR's rock samples?Ÿ The depth is about 1.5 kilometres.What is the depth for CO storage?2
Ÿ The CO will be stored at a depth of 800m and below.2
Figure 26: An oxycombustion generator system for Schwarze Pumpe plant Brandenburg, Germany. Image Source: Vattenfall
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1520
Ingonyama Trust Board (ITB) is an entity responsible for administration of Ingonyama Trust land which is about 2.8 million hectares in extent spread throughout the province of KwaZulu – Natal in the republic of South Africa. The Ingonyama Trust was established in 1994 by the KwaZulu Ingonyama Trust Act, (Act No 3 of 1994) to hold the land in title for "the benefit, material welfare and social well-being of the members of the tribes and communities" living on the land. ITB raised a concern with regards to Environmental and Social issues in KZN relatinng to the PCSP such as the protocol when approaching the Traditional Leaders. In addition, the Traditional authorities (TA) will not buy-in to the PCSP if it does not have immediate benefits the communities that might be affected. SACCCS stated that they are aware of those issues and assured ITB that they are taken seriously. Once SACCCS has presented to the ITB MANCO/Board, a decision will be made on a way forward wrt to engaging with the TAs.
Once the TAs have been engaged, an ITB2 form must be signed off by both parties (SACCCS & TA's) stating that ITB agrees to the project proposal. ITB emphasised that a legal document must be signed on the resolution arising from the consultation with the individual Traditional Authorities. As a norm, Traditional Leaders will have to be addressed in IsiZulu and the technical aspects of CCS must be toned down to make it easy for them to understand
Questions What are the plans with regards to the legacy issues? Ÿ SACCCS has engaged with and will continue to engage with the local municipality structures with regard to the issue of leaving the legacy
behind.Ÿ SACCCS intends working in synergies with the Traditional authorities to gain an insight on how to plough back to the affected communities.Ÿ SACCCS is serious about leaving legacy behind to address the socio-economic challenges such as limited access to potable water and
electricity in the potential sites of the affected communities should these be confirmed for siting.What is the storage depth?Ÿ The Storage of CO is about 800m or more below the sub-surface. The size of the project will be within one kilometre radius of the land required.2
What safety measure will be undertaken? Ÿ SACCCS will ensure precautionary safety measures pre- during and post implementation phases of the Pilot Project. To minimize the risks,
monitoring take place through the project life cycle.Where will the capture plants of the CO be located? 2
Ÿ Capture plant sources have not yet been identified. Ÿ Some of the stakeholders engaged thus far have recommended that the CO should be captured at local point sources such as COEGA IDZ in 2
EC and Richards Bay IDZ in KZN.Who is funding the PCSP? Ÿ The project is funded by the South African Government through the Department of Energy (DoE), the World Bank Group, local and international
industry, the Agence Francaise Developpment (AFD) as well as the Norwegian government.
Ingonyama Trust Board - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 17 December 2014,Pietermaritzburg
KZN Department Cooperative Governance & Traditional Affairs - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting 13 February 2015 , Pietermaritzburg
Figure 27: Members attending the opening in Parliament of the National House of Traditional Leaders pictured with President Jacob Zuma. Image Source: parliament.gov.za
The mandates of the Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs (KZN CoGTA) are embodied in the following Sections of the Constitution, 1996: Section 139, which provides for provincial invention in local government. Section 154 , which determines that provincial government must provide support and capacity-building to municipalities , assist municipalities to manage their own affairs, to exercise their powers and functions and Section 155(5) and (6) which determines the types of municipalities in KwaZulu-Natal.
SACCCS met with Mr. Rudi Hillermann (RH), Senior Manager: Traditional Council Land Administration Support. RH requested SANEDI/SACCCS team to conduct a presentation to the Department of Co-operative Governance and Traditional Affairs (CoGTA) Executive Committee (EXCO) whereby all senior managers will be available to solicit support for the project. RH advised SACCCS to take cognisance of the following matters during the consultations: (i) Planning, development and governance plans,(ii) Intergovernmental/ interdepartmental programmes. RH further emphasised that protocol must be observed at all times when consulting with the TAs (AmaKhosi). RH highly recommended that SACCCS must consider changing the name of Zululand Basin to UMkhanyakude because of geo-political connotations in the province.
Questions Is SACCCS/SANEDI linked to University of KwaZulu-Natal? Ÿ SACCCS does not have formalised relationship with UKZN. However , SACCCS offers bursaries as part of capacity building to Master's and
Doctorate (PhD) level. One of the bursary beneficiaries is currently studying towards a PhD programme at the UKZN.
Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage 19
GroundWork is a non-profit environmental justice service and developmental organisation. GroundWork places particular emphasis on assisting vulnerable and previously disadvantaged people who are most affected by environmental injustices. GroundWork is guided by Section 24 of the SA Constitution which provides that everyone has the right to an environment that is not harmful to their health or well-being. The South Durban Community Environmental Alliance (SDCEA) was established in 1996 as an environmental justice organisation based in the Durban South. SDCEA is made up of 16 affiliate organisations, including GroundWork.
GroundWork and SDCEA do not support CCS technology as it prolongs the use of coal. A concern was raised about the potential storage sites being far from the point sources. GroundWork and SDCEA stated that they are more interested in the commercial phase of CCS in South Africa. GroundWork's preference is to see more investments channelled to renewables.
Questions What does CCS-Ready (CCSR) mean? Ÿ ESKOM will be approached for a response. In the meantime SACCCS
understanding is that it refers to a large-scale CCS-Ready industrial or power source facility which could and is intended to be retrofitted with CCS technology when the necessary regulatory and economic drivers are in place. The aim of building new facilities or modifying existing facilities to be CCS-Ready is to reduce the risk of carbon emission lock-in or of being unable to fully utilise the facilities in the future without CCS (stranded assets).
Why is SACCCS piloting on-shore and not off-shore where there is more potential storage capacity?Ÿ The cost of going offshore is expensive considering that the PCSP is envisaged to inject in an order of 10 000 to 50 000 tonnes of CO . 2
Ÿ In addition, SACCCS' mandate is to conduct CCS research & development, build capacity (both human and technical), as well as to prepare a state of readiness for CCS Pilot CO Storage Project. 2
Ÿ Therefore pursuing off-shore route would be an expensive exercise as capacity building beneficiaries need to visit the site.What is the difference between the Pilot Project and the Demonstration phase?Ÿ The difference between the Pilot & Demonstration phase is the scale. Ÿ The PCSP will be injecting in an order of 10 000/50 000 tonnes of CO whereas the Demonstration phase will be injecting in the order of 1000 2
000 tonnes of CO per year.2
What will be the impact on health to the people near PCSP?Ÿ None as there are projects globally where CCS is deployed and the community, the fauna and flora co-exist harmoniously.What's the progress with regard to the profiling of the site?Ÿ SACCCS is working very closely with the CGS to analyse the cores from an oil drilling project that was done by SOEKOR in the 1970s.
GroundWork & South Durban Environmental Community Alliance - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 18 November 2014,Durban
Water Research Commission (WRC) - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting20 November 2014, Sandton
The Water Research Commission (was established in terms of the Water Research Act (Act No 34 of 1971), following a period of serious water shortage. It was established to generate new knowledge and to promote the country’s water research purposefully, owing to the view held that
stwater would be one of South Africa’s most limiting factors in the 21 century. Water Research Commission will be embarking on a Deep Hydrologic Project around April 2015 in order to understand the deep saline aquifers and to investigate the possibility of drilling groundwater for human use.
WRC raised a concern about the possibility that CCS could activate earthquakes during the injection phase. In response SACCCS stated that The underground injection and storage of CO , as with all underground industrial activities, can lead to seismic vibrations. These vibrations however 2
would be very small, similar in size to those created by the filling and emptying of a large water reservoir or dam. These vibrations will be substantially smaller than what is typically considered an earthquake and would unlikely be detectable by humans, even if they are in close proximity to the Pilot CO2 Storage Project. WRC would like to be involved with any groundwater-related matters during the PCSP.
Questions How will the CO be transported?2
Ÿ The CO will be transported by tanker trucks in a liquid state. The truck emissions have been calculated and they will be about two percent (2%) 2
as compared to the CO that will be transported which will be about 20 tonnes. 2
What is the depth of SOEKOR's rock samples?Ÿ The depth is about 1.5 kilometres.What is the depth for CO storage?2
Ÿ The CO will be stored at a depth of 800m and below.2
Figure 26: An oxycombustion generator system for Schwarze Pumpe plant Brandenburg, Germany. Image Source: Vattenfall
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/14South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141 1South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1521 22
Ugu District Municipality(UDM) is one of the ten (10) district municipalities in the province of KwaZulu Natal which is one of the nine (9) provinces of the Republic of South Africa. It is located in the South Coast. It is 5 866 km² in extent and boasts a spectacular coastline of 112 kilometres, which forms its eastern border. The region is bordered on the north by the Ethekwini Municipality, in the west by Umgungundlovu District Municipality and Sisonke District Municipality and on the southern side it borders with the Eastern Cape Province.
The purpose of the meeting was to present SACCCS' credentials, share information on the Bongwana Natural CO Release (BNCR) Pilot 2
Monitoring Project (PMP) and to establish working relations with the Municipality before the commencement of the Pilot Monitoring Project. Discussions revolved around the areas of interest for the Bongwana Natural CO Release Pilot Monitoring Project (BNCR) namely Bongwana 2
(near Harding – KwaZulu-Natal) and Mbizana (Eastern Cape). Ugu District Municipality (UDM) is willing to work with SACCCS in understanding the impact the BNCR might have in the district. SACCCS was urged by the UDM to familiarise itself with and to understand the land issues including the administration thereof before commencing with the monitoring activities. The areas of interest are located near UMzimkulwana River bank, Naiker Farm and within Bongwana. In the EC it is at the Umtamvuna River bank.
Ms. Noloyiso Walingo (NW), Manager for Environmental Services stated that UDM has conducted atmospheric emissions monitoring. NW recommended that SACCCS should consider to participate in the local Natal Portland Cement coordinated Environmental Committee. Questions How was Bongwana Natural CO Release discovered? 2
Ÿ Research was conducted on natural CO release in Bongwana and 2
Mbizana and papers to that effect have been published. Will the project not cause damage to the existing underlying infrastructure?Ÿ SACCCS will comply with all the safety and environmental regulations
during the course of the project.How much CO is being released at Bongwana?2
Ÿ Currently, we are not certain about the exact figures on the amount of CO that is being released. However, some papers state that about 2
46kg/day is being released near the Umzimkulwana River. What kind of monitoring equipment will be used? Ÿ The monitoring equipment will be determined once the relevant data
has been gathered. Ÿ Based on the outcomes of the workshop held on 9 – 11 September
2014, four technical work packages will be scoped, that is: - Atmospheric and soil monitoring; - Groundwater monitoring; - Monitoring of CO migration and attenuation in the subsurface; and 2
- Social impacts.
Way forwardSACCCS was invited to present at the IDP Forums where most municipal role players/decision makers meet quarterly. SACCCS urged to consider creating jobs through Extended Public Work Programme (EPWP), raising CCS awareness at schools, internships when piloting the monitoring project. SACCCS should consider both active and passive monitoring methods for at least two weeks and thereafter continuous passive.
Ugu District Municipality - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 5 March 2015, Port Shepstone
uMuziwabantu Local Municipality (ULM)- Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting6 March 2014, Harding, KZN.
uMuziwabantu District Municipality forms part of the six Local Councils within the Ugu District Municipality. The uMuziwabantu Municipality is located on the Western Boundary of the Ugu District Municipality and shares its borders with the Eastern Cape. The Municipality is situated 80 km from Port Shepstone.
The purpose of the meeting was to present SACCCS' credentials, share information on the Bongwana Natural CO Release (BNCR) Pilot 2
Monitoring Project (PMP) and to establish working relations with the Municipality before the commencement of the Pilot Monitoring Project. Discussions revolved around the areas of interest for the Bongwana Natural CO Release Pilot Monitoring Project (BNCR) namely Bongwana 2
(near Harding – KwaZulu-Natal) and Mbizana (Eastern Cape). uMuziwabantu supported the SACCCS' principle of early engagement with the Stakeholders.
Questions Will the PCSP be the first project in South Africa?Ÿ The PCSP will be the first of its kind in South Africa, However, there is a CCS project in In Salah, Algeria.
Mbizana is made up of a main town and surrounding villages, located in the Eastern Cape Province on the R61 road connecting KwaZulu Natal South Coastal Boundary to the N2 highway. Mbizana Local Municipality is currently made up of 31 wards and is one of the local municipalities under Alfred Nzo District Municipality. The majority of households in Mbizana are of a rural nature as close to 95% of the population resides in the surrounding villages, with the rest living in the urban area.
The purpose of the meeting was to present the credentials of the South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage (SACCCS), to share information on the Bongwana Natural CO Release (BNCR) Pilot Monitoring 2
Project (PMP) and to establish working relations with the Mbizana Local Municipality before the commencement of the PMP. The PMP will play a vital
role towards the development of the PCSP as monitoring of the CO is critical 2
throughout the project’s life cycle. SACCCS is planning to develop a monitoring programme at the Bongwana (Harding) near Umzimkulwana River and in Mbizana near Umtamvuna River.
Questions Is CCS (in particular the PCSP for research purposes only or will it have commercial spin-offs (i.e. commercialisation)?Ÿ PSCP is a proof of concept for CCS in South Africa and is an essential step for a prospective full scale integrated CCS demonstration provided that a
suitable geological is found. The commercial phase will commence in 2025.
Ÿ The Government has committed to reduce CO emissions by 32% in 2020 and 42% in 2025 provided SA receives both financial and technical support 2
from developed countries.Will there be any job opportunities available for the communities during the commercialisation phase? Ÿ For the Commercial phase, a high case scenario, estimates that employment will be generated by the construction of the CCS infrastructure as well as
ongoing CCS operations.Ÿ The jobs will be for both skilled and semi-skilled workers, however, for the PCSP there will be minimal job opportunities. Will there be transfer of skills during the two projects (PCSP & PMP)?
Ÿ The primary objective for the PMP is to build capacity around monitoring CO and various universities including the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) 2
will be invited to participate in the project. Ÿ In addition, SACCCS has a bursary programme currently funding post-graduate students.Ÿ The issue of funding undergraduates has been raised by key Stakeholders. The SACCCS' Board of Governors (BoG) is considering the proposal.
Can the CO be used for alternatives such as generating energy? 2
Ÿ The mandate of SACCCS is to further the technical understanding of the potential for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in South Africa. Ÿ In addition, SANEDI's mandate is to investigate energy alternatives such as renewables, biomass etc.
Ÿ Nonetheless some researchers have embarked on a study to investigate the possibility of using CO to generate energy.2
Mbizana Local Municipality - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 17 March 2015,Bizana, EC
Figure 28: The Umtamvuna River is one of the identified potential sites for the Pilot Monitoring Projet Image Source: Caribbean Estates
Figure 29: majority of households in Mbizana are of a rural natureImage Source: Mbizana Local Municipality
What will the CO monitoring process involve?2
Ÿ The Bongwana Pilot Monitoring Project will include undertaking a small sampling programme. Specifically, initial sampling will allow subsequent analysis to take place and will form an initial dataset to inform the planning and design of the research programme.
Ÿ The monitoring will include monitoring the following: - Atmosphere and soil. - Groundwater. - CO migration and attenuation in the sub-surface. 2
SACCCS to update uMuziwabantu Local Municipality with the latest developments regarding the PMP. uMuziwabantu requested a site visit to the CO springs. 2
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/14South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141 1South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/15South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1521 22
Ugu District Municipality(UDM) is one of the ten (10) district municipalities in the province of KwaZulu Natal which is one of the nine (9) provinces of the Republic of South Africa. It is located in the South Coast. It is 5 866 km² in extent and boasts a spectacular coastline of 112 kilometres, which forms its eastern border. The region is bordered on the north by the Ethekwini Municipality, in the west by Umgungundlovu District Municipality and Sisonke District Municipality and on the southern side it borders with the Eastern Cape Province.
The purpose of the meeting was to present SACCCS' credentials, share information on the Bongwana Natural CO Release (BNCR) Pilot 2
Monitoring Project (PMP) and to establish working relations with the Municipality before the commencement of the Pilot Monitoring Project. Discussions revolved around the areas of interest for the Bongwana Natural CO Release Pilot Monitoring Project (BNCR) namely Bongwana 2
(near Harding – KwaZulu-Natal) and Mbizana (Eastern Cape). Ugu District Municipality (UDM) is willing to work with SACCCS in understanding the impact the BNCR might have in the district. SACCCS was urged by the UDM to familiarise itself with and to understand the land issues including the administration thereof before commencing with the monitoring activities. The areas of interest are located near UMzimkulwana River bank, Naiker Farm and within Bongwana. In the EC it is at the Umtamvuna River bank.
Ms. Noloyiso Walingo (NW), Manager for Environmental Services stated that UDM has conducted atmospheric emissions monitoring. NW recommended that SACCCS should consider to participate in the local Natal Portland Cement coordinated Environmental Committee. Questions How was Bongwana Natural CO Release discovered? 2
Ÿ Research was conducted on natural CO release in Bongwana and 2
Mbizana and papers to that effect have been published. Will the project not cause damage to the existing underlying infrastructure?Ÿ SACCCS will comply with all the safety and environmental regulations
during the course of the project.How much CO is being released at Bongwana?2
Ÿ Currently, we are not certain about the exact figures on the amount of CO that is being released. However, some papers state that about 2
46kg/day is being released near the Umzimkulwana River. What kind of monitoring equipment will be used? Ÿ The monitoring equipment will be determined once the relevant data
has been gathered. Ÿ Based on the outcomes of the workshop held on 9 – 11 September
2014, four technical work packages will be scoped, that is: - Atmospheric and soil monitoring; - Groundwater monitoring; - Monitoring of CO migration and attenuation in the subsurface; and 2
- Social impacts.
Way forwardSACCCS was invited to present at the IDP Forums where most municipal role players/decision makers meet quarterly. SACCCS urged to consider creating jobs through Extended Public Work Programme (EPWP), raising CCS awareness at schools, internships when piloting the monitoring project. SACCCS should consider both active and passive monitoring methods for at least two weeks and thereafter continuous passive.
Ugu District Municipality - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 5 March 2015, Port Shepstone
uMuziwabantu Local Municipality (ULM)- Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP Introductory Meeting6 March 2014, Harding, KZN.
uMuziwabantu District Municipality forms part of the six Local Councils within the Ugu District Municipality. The uMuziwabantu Municipality is located on the Western Boundary of the Ugu District Municipality and shares its borders with the Eastern Cape. The Municipality is situated 80 km from Port Shepstone.
The purpose of the meeting was to present SACCCS' credentials, share information on the Bongwana Natural CO Release (BNCR) Pilot 2
Monitoring Project (PMP) and to establish working relations with the Municipality before the commencement of the Pilot Monitoring Project. Discussions revolved around the areas of interest for the Bongwana Natural CO Release Pilot Monitoring Project (BNCR) namely Bongwana 2
(near Harding – KwaZulu-Natal) and Mbizana (Eastern Cape). uMuziwabantu supported the SACCCS' principle of early engagement with the Stakeholders.
Questions Will the PCSP be the first project in South Africa?Ÿ The PCSP will be the first of its kind in South Africa, However, there is a CCS project in In Salah, Algeria.
Mbizana is made up of a main town and surrounding villages, located in the Eastern Cape Province on the R61 road connecting KwaZulu Natal South Coastal Boundary to the N2 highway. Mbizana Local Municipality is currently made up of 31 wards and is one of the local municipalities under Alfred Nzo District Municipality. The majority of households in Mbizana are of a rural nature as close to 95% of the population resides in the surrounding villages, with the rest living in the urban area.
The purpose of the meeting was to present the credentials of the South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage (SACCCS), to share information on the Bongwana Natural CO Release (BNCR) Pilot Monitoring 2
Project (PMP) and to establish working relations with the Mbizana Local Municipality before the commencement of the PMP. The PMP will play a vital
role towards the development of the PCSP as monitoring of the CO is critical 2
throughout the project’s life cycle. SACCCS is planning to develop a monitoring programme at the Bongwana (Harding) near Umzimkulwana River and in Mbizana near Umtamvuna River.
Questions Is CCS (in particular the PCSP for research purposes only or will it have commercial spin-offs (i.e. commercialisation)?Ÿ PSCP is a proof of concept for CCS in South Africa and is an essential step for a prospective full scale integrated CCS demonstration provided that a
suitable geological is found. The commercial phase will commence in 2025.
Ÿ The Government has committed to reduce CO emissions by 32% in 2020 and 42% in 2025 provided SA receives both financial and technical support 2
from developed countries.Will there be any job opportunities available for the communities during the commercialisation phase? Ÿ For the Commercial phase, a high case scenario, estimates that employment will be generated by the construction of the CCS infrastructure as well as
ongoing CCS operations.Ÿ The jobs will be for both skilled and semi-skilled workers, however, for the PCSP there will be minimal job opportunities. Will there be transfer of skills during the two projects (PCSP & PMP)?
Ÿ The primary objective for the PMP is to build capacity around monitoring CO and various universities including the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN) 2
will be invited to participate in the project. Ÿ In addition, SACCCS has a bursary programme currently funding post-graduate students.Ÿ The issue of funding undergraduates has been raised by key Stakeholders. The SACCCS' Board of Governors (BoG) is considering the proposal.
Can the CO be used for alternatives such as generating energy? 2
Ÿ The mandate of SACCCS is to further the technical understanding of the potential for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in South Africa. Ÿ In addition, SANEDI's mandate is to investigate energy alternatives such as renewables, biomass etc.
Ÿ Nonetheless some researchers have embarked on a study to investigate the possibility of using CO to generate energy.2
Mbizana Local Municipality - Stakeholder Engagement / PCSP/SACCCS Introductory Meeting 17 March 2015,Bizana, EC
Figure 28: The Umtamvuna River is one of the identified potential sites for the Pilot Monitoring Projet Image Source: Caribbean Estates
Figure 29: majority of households in Mbizana are of a rural natureImage Source: Mbizana Local Municipality
What will the CO monitoring process involve?2
Ÿ The Bongwana Pilot Monitoring Project will include undertaking a small sampling programme. Specifically, initial sampling will allow subsequent analysis to take place and will form an initial dataset to inform the planning and design of the research programme.
Ÿ The monitoring will include monitoring the following: - Atmosphere and soil. - Groundwater. - CO migration and attenuation in the sub-surface. 2
SACCCS to update uMuziwabantu Local Municipality with the latest developments regarding the PMP. uMuziwabantu requested a site visit to the CO springs. 2
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1524South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1523
3. Future Plans
The 2015/16 PCSP and General CCS and Communications Stakeholder Engagement will require focussed consultation with key stakeholder sectors/groups, including government (national, provincial and local); traditional authorities; public utilities, NGOs and environmental groups; research and academia; business and commerce; labour; landowners. The future plans for the year 2015/16 SE Work Theme will be a continuation of the implementation of the ICAPs provided there are no unexpected objections to the process. Future engagements and Projects will be conducted in the following order:
General CCS & Communications.Ÿ Introductory/iterative meetings with National Government.Ÿ Commencement of the Pilot Schools Project with identified Stakeholders.Ÿ Science and Education Centres.Ÿ A CCS Education Study in collaboration with GCCSI.Ÿ Conducting CCS 101 Workshops .Ÿ Participating at Climate Change and Science Fair Exhibitions. Ÿ Arranging and Presenting at the Biennial CCS Conference.
PCSPŸ Conducting Introductory/itertive meetings with Provincial , Local Government and Traditional Authorities.Ÿ Commencing with the Pilot Schools Project in the KZN and EC Provinces. Ÿ Conducting meetings and site visits for the Pilot CO Monitoring Capacity Building Project-Bongwana Natural CO Release 2 2
with Stakeholders in Ugu District, Mbizana Municipality and ad hoc meetings.
4. Conclusion
CCS remains a relatively unknown and poorly understood technology among the publics, continuous consultation is imperative for Public acceptance is key to successful permitting. To this end, ongoing public outreach and education pre-, during and post- Pilot CO Storage Project (PCSP) will continue to play a pivotal role. Rapport has been established with the 2
relevant National, Provincial and Local structures. Key messages were developed and will be supported by a wide variety of communications materials enshrined in th Nat- Loc Plans. The concerns/issues Logbook is updated on an annual basis.
South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1524South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/141South African Centre for Carbon Capture & Storage Stakeholder Engagement Annual Report : 2014/1523
3. Future Plans
The 2015/16 PCSP and General CCS and Communications Stakeholder Engagement will require focussed consultation with key stakeholder sectors/groups, including government (national, provincial and local); traditional authorities; public utilities, NGOs and environmental groups; research and academia; business and commerce; labour; landowners. The future plans for the year 2015/16 SE Work Theme will be a continuation of the implementation of the ICAPs provided there are no unexpected objections to the process. Future engagements and Projects will be conducted in the following order:
General CCS & Communications.Ÿ Introductory/iterative meetings with National Government.Ÿ Commencement of the Pilot Schools Project with identified Stakeholders.Ÿ Science and Education Centres.Ÿ A CCS Education Study in collaboration with GCCSI.Ÿ Conducting CCS 101 Workshops .Ÿ Participating at Climate Change and Science Fair Exhibitions. Ÿ Arranging and Presenting at the Biennial CCS Conference.
PCSPŸ Conducting Introductory/itertive meetings with Provincial , Local Government and Traditional Authorities.Ÿ Commencing with the Pilot Schools Project in the KZN and EC Provinces. Ÿ Conducting meetings and site visits for the Pilot CO Monitoring Capacity Building Project-Bongwana Natural CO Release 2 2
with Stakeholders in Ugu District, Mbizana Municipality and ad hoc meetings.
4. Conclusion
CCS remains a relatively unknown and poorly understood technology among the publics, continuous consultation is imperative for Public acceptance is key to successful permitting. To this end, ongoing public outreach and education pre-, during and post- Pilot CO Storage Project (PCSP) will continue to play a pivotal role. Rapport has been established with the 2
relevant National, Provincial and Local structures. Key messages were developed and will be supported by a wide variety of communications materials enshrined in th Nat- Loc Plans. The concerns/issues Logbook is updated on an annual basis.
Physical AddressSACCCS2nd Floor Block E150 Linden StreetStrathavonSandton
Postal AddressSACCCS
P.O. Box 78614Strathavon
Sandton2146
Tel: 011 038 4341Email: [email protected]
