Diamond Quantum DevicesSensing, Simulation and Biology

Martin B PlenioUlm University

Institute of Theoretical Physics

Diamond Defects as Quantum Spin Sensors

Crystals are like people, its only the defects that make them interesting F. Franck

Atomic Spin

Working Principle: Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance

• Sensor measures magnetic field• Optical readout of single atom sensor

Doherty, Manson, Delaney, Jelezko, Wrachtrup, Hollenberg, Phys. Rep. 2013

Diamond Defects as Quantum Spin Sensors

Crystals are like people, its only the defects that make them interesting F. Franck

Atomic Spin

Working Principle: Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance

• Sensor measures magnetic field• Optical readout of single atom sensor

Doherty, Manson, Delaney, Jelezko, Wrachtrup, Hollenberg, Phys. Rep. 2013

B+0ω

Magnetic field defines two-level system

Environmental fluctuations possess finite memory time

Employ dynamical decouplingtechniques

Protecting against Noise

B+0ω

Magnetic field defines two-level systemPulsed decoupling – Induce short π-pulses to average out interaction with the environment

Environmental fluctuations possess finite memory time

Employ dynamical decouplingtechniques

Protecting against Noise

B+0ω

Magnetic field defines two-level systemPulsed decoupling – Induce short π-pulses to average out interaction with the environment

Increase pulse rate to improve decoupling

Environmental fluctuations possess finite memory time

Employ dynamical decouplingtechniques

Protecting against Noise

B+0ω

Magnetic field defines two-level system

Environmental fluctuations possess finite memory time

Employ continuous dynamical decoupling techniques

Protecting against Noise

B+0ω

Magnetic field defines two-level system

Environment spectral density

Dynamical Decoupling

Continuous

Interaction with environment carries energy penalty

Environmental fluctuations possess finite memory time

Employ continuous dynamical decoupling techniques

Protecting against Noise

NJP 15, 013020 (2013)

B+0ω

Magnetic field defines two-level system

Continuous

Interaction with environment carries energy penalty

Dynamical Decoupling

Environment spectral density

Hartmann-Hahn condition (1962)

Protecting against Noise

NJP 15, 013020 (2013)

B+0ω

Magnetic field defines two-level system

Continuous

Interaction with environment carries energy penalty

Dynamical Decoupling

Environment spectral density

Hartmann-Hahn condition (1962)

Protecting against Noise

NJP 15, 013020 (2013)

MW continuous driving for time t P R

Phosphoric acid

Theory: NJP 15, 013020 (2013) & Experiment: PRL 111, 067601 (2013)

o Measurement on NV spin

The Sensor in Action

Concatenated Noise Protection

Theory & Experiment: NJP 14, 113023 (2012).

Concatenated Noise Protection

Theory & Experiment: NJP 14, 113023 (2012).

T2= 2.5 us

1 2(Ω / Ω )2

Concatenated Noise Protection

Theory & Experiment: NJP 14, 113023 (2012).

From Microwaves to Optics

Theory: NJP 16, 083033 (2014).Ion Trap Theory and Experiment: Nature 476, 185 (2011) & In Preparation.

Bringing the Sensor to the BiologyDiamonds in Biology

12µm

Experiment & Theory: Nano Letters 13, 3305 (2013)

Ferritin4500 Fe ions (spins) per moleculeDetectable magnetic signal

Ferritin stores iron in our bodies. Malfunction leads to disease.

Sensing Individual ProteinsMedical Diagnostic Tool

Experiment & Theory: Nano Letters 13, 3305 (2013)

Biology for QuantaSelfassembled Biological Structures

Robin Ghosh

Nanodiamond – Protein Assembly

Experiment & Theory: E-print arXiv:1301.1871 to appear NJP 2014

Biology for Quanta

Coupling parameter

periodic strain

Diamond SurfacesSensing Pressure and Forces

Theory: New J. Phys. 15, 083014 (2013)

Diamond Surfaces

NV-center in diamond:

Sensing Pressure and Forces

Diamond Surfaces

NV-center in diamond:

NV-center in Terfenol-diamond:

Sensing Pressure and Forces

Nature Comm. 5, 4065 (2014) & Patent pending

Diamond SurfacesSensing Pressure and Forces

Force sensitivity:

Nature Comm. 5, 4065 (2014) & Patent pending

Diamond SurfacesEnhanced Spin-Mechanical Coupling

Create diamond nanobeam arrangement: 1µm x 0.1 µm x 0.1 µm

Frequency shift due to a single phonon: > (2π) 500 kHz with Terfenol> (2π) 1 kHz without Terfenol

Opportunities: Create long ranged spin-interaction, squeezedstate, Tavis-Cummings model etc

Nature Comm. 5, 4065 (2014)

Fluorographene

Diamond 111-surface

Diamond 100-surface

F-F (long range dipole) interaction (6.8kHz nearest neighbor)

A Diamond Surface Simulator

Address three main challenges

Initialization of the nuclear spin lattice

Control of the Hamiltonian of the nuclear spin lattice

Readout from the nuclear spin lattice

A Diamond Surface Simulator

Theory: Nature Phys. 9, 168 (2013)

A Diamond Surface Simulator

Theory: Nature Phys. 9, 168 (2013)

Detecting Individual Nuclear SpinsSilicon on Diamond

SiO2 Diluted spin latticeSi-Si distance: a = 0.306 nm4.67 % 29Si

Coupling to closest NV – 1-10 kHzCoupling between Si29 nuclear spins – 0.1 kHz

Field from 2-4 Si29 from volumeof 2 nm3 spatial resolution

Experiment & Theory: E-print:arXiv:1404.6393 to appear in Nature Comm. 5, xxxx (2014)

Extract nuclear spins information bybasis pursuit such as

Measured dataFilter function

1-norm minimizationfavors low rank solutions

ProfessorsMartin PlenioSusana Huelga

Visiting ProfessorsJochen RauLuca Turin

PostdocsTillmann BaumgratzMartin BrudererJianming CaiJorge CasanovaFelipe Caycedo-SolerQiong ChenCecilia CormickMarcus CramerMyung-Joong HwangNathan KilloranJaemin LimZhenyu Wang

PhD studentsAndreas AlbrechtCagan AksakPelayo Fernandez-AcebalMilan HolzäpfelAndreas LemmerOliver MartyGatis MikelsonsSantiago OviedoRicardo Puebla AntunesRobert RosenbachJoachim RosskopfChris Schroeder

Master studentsJan HaaseMatthias KostAlexander NüsselerSarah Pomiersky

Synergy Grant:Diamond Quantum Devices and Biology

Institute of Theoretical Physics

CO.CO.MAT

External CollaboratorsAlex Retzker, Fedor Jelezko, Tanja Weil