2014 HVCA Report Islamic Relief District Thatta by Muhammad Khan

8/10/2019 2014 HVCA Report Islamic Relief District Thatta by Muhammad Khan

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1 Risk Assessment Report SIR

ISLAMI

Prepared by

Muhammad Khan

T, Thatta 2014

SIRAT

Hazard, Vulnerab

Capacity Assess

(HCVA)

Distr

RELIEF

Islamic Relief Pakistan

ility and

ent

Repo

ict Thatta, Sin


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Risk Assessment Report Distri

MAP OF THATTA DISTRICT

DISCLAIMEROBJECTIVE

GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE

BACKGROUND

AREA PROFILE

LIVELIHOOD

- Economy

- Agriculture

- Industry

- Livestock

- Food SecurityWASH

HAZARD PROFILE

- Floods

- Sea Intrusion

- Cyclones

- Tsunami

- Drought

- Monson

- Impacts of climate change

VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS- Element at Risk

- Types of Vulnerability and

CAPACITY ASSESSMENT

- Types of Capacity and Findi

EMERGENCY CONTACT LIST

- List of Govt Officials of Tha

SECTORAL DRR MEASURES

- Livelihood

- WASH

- Social Mobilization Unit

CONTENTS

T, Thatta 2014

ct Thatta

n Indus delta

indings of Thatta

ngs of Thatta

ta District.



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3 Risk Assessment Report SIR T, Thatta 2014 Islamic Relief Pakistan


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Islamic Relief Pakistan feel delig

Islamic Relief, Pakistan feels

Assessment (HVCA) Report ofawareness amongst communiti

culture of building resilience thr

Islamic Relief accepts no liabili

HVCA report, any omission, or in

information provided in this Rep

Any statement (includes writte

prejudice to all parties' obligati

on the information provided tovillages of 4 Union Councils i.e. J

data from various sources has al

Further the contents of this Rep

provided Islamic Relief will not

report.

ISL

Area Office: House # A-

DISCLAIMER

T, Thatta 2014

ted to present this Hazard, Vulnerability and C

delighted to present Hazard, Vulnerabilit

District Thatta. The main ethos behind thies, civil society organizations and governme

ugh analysis of existing strengths and weakne

y for any negligent or inaccurate statement

any situation where the Official Public Record

ort, the Official Public Records should take as p

n, formal or informal) and its recommendati

ns. The findings and recommendations in this

Islamic Relief during the Participatory Risk asati, Kothi, Gul Muhammad Baran and Keenjhar

so been included as information mentioning th

ort are not confidential can be used as a secon

e held responsible for any use or misuse of in

Contact Details

AMIC RELIEF, PAKISTAN

Makli Office, Thatta, Sindh

, Opposite unit # 2 Makli Hashimabad

Housing Society.


apacity

y and Capacity

s is to increasent and promote

ses.

r finding in this

differs from the

recedence.

ons are without

eport are based

sessment of 100. However, some

eir source.

dary information

formation in this

ooperative


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The overall objective of the asse

councils located in hazard prone

improvement for the safer com

buildings, the availability of nec

and role of VDMCs\ ERTs, mean

preparedness at the level of Vill

The areas under assessment ar

to be affected by disasters a

vulnerabilities.

The progressive change in Clim

five years and has been causing

proved more threats to the co

poor with lesser level resilience

include physical damage to p

deterioration of the environme

peoples normalcy, daily workin

The occurrence of disasters isbeings simultaneously. It is ge

However, attribution with natur

natural eco-system. Generally,

can be controlled to a degree.

Despite of having district based

handle the risk management pr

is seemed only reactive-suppor

relief and rehabilitation measu

civil society and communities,

bottleneck to have effective res

After flood 2010 and 2011 Isl

component of Disaster Risk Red

Communities and district gover

OBJECTIVE

GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE

BACKGROUND

T, Thatta 2014

ssment is to analyze multiple hazard risks to th

areas along the river Indus and sea to identify

unities The assessment entails to identify stru

ssary facilities as per the international standar

to protect the villages against future disasters

ge for proper management.

located in districts Thatta, Sindh and have be

they are posed to certain hazards and f

ate has increased the frequency of natural di

more devastation to life, property and the en

mmunities, which are marginalized, ill-inform

. They incur heavier losses directly and indire

eople, to public infrastructure and their h

t. Indirect losses, on the other hand, are tho

, public services, utilities, mass media and soci

ot a new phenomena rather nurturing togeerally assumed that these disasters are the

e is unjustifiable when human hands are spoili

atural disasters cannot be prevented but in

setups like District Disaster Management Aut

cess; the role of the national as well as provi

tive. No doubt the basic responsibility for un

es in the event of natural disasters lies with

But lack of coordination at both levels ha

onse through ensuring resilience at all levels.

mic Relief, Pakistan has taken a step ahead

uction to identify the potential hazards and b

nment to deal with disasters in future. Curren


targeted Union

areas of

ctural flaws in

s, functioning

and

en and are likely

ll under certain

asters since last

ironment. It has

ed and resource

tly. Direct losses

usings, and the

e that affect the

al capital etc.

her with humanrath of nature.

g the balance of

some cases they

ority (DDMA) to

cial government

ertaking rescue,

the government,

always been a

by setting up a

uild capacities of

tly Islamic Relief


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has been implementing a thre

and Transformation (SIRAT), w

Gul Muhammad Baran, of distri

Mapping/Hazard Vulnerability

Men, women and children. Thduration and impact of hazards

physical/material, economical,

respective communities again

participated in developing villa

undertake mitigation and prepa

Thatta, one of the oldest tow

headquarter of Thatta, is situa

Highway. It is situated at 23

longitudes (Thatta District Cens

The district is bounded on th

Hyderabad, Badin districts and

Arabian Sea and on the west

square kilometers that is, 12.3

downstream the Kotri Barrage tdeh wali Mohammad at Keti Bu

are on left bank while one tehsi

part is saline and sea-affected d

of river Indus water, while the

of India is desert like sandy are

Kohistan connected with Kh

Government 2006).

The population of Thatta district

recording an increase of 46.27

grow at its present rate of 2.26

2005). Male to Female ratio of

social sector and in all the areas

All targeted union councils i.e.

meteorological disasters. Villag

AREA PROFILE

T, Thatta 2014

years integrated project Sustainable Initiati

hile focusing on 04 Union councils i.e. Jati, ko

ct Thatta (Sajawal). Initially 100 villages are ta

Capacity Assessment (HVCA) exercises enga

ese exercises were aimed to identify the nsuch as floods, cyclones; heavy rains etc, also t

motivational, environmental vulnerabilities a

t above prevailing hazards. Children and

e disaster risk management plans where they

edness activities.

ns in the land of ancient Indus civilization

ted at 98 Kilo Meter (60 miles) east of Kar

43' to 25 26' north latitudes and 67 05'

s Report 1998).

north and northwest by Jamshoro district,

the Indian border, on the south by Run of Ka

y city district Karachi. The total area of the

% of the total geographical area of Sindh.

hrough numerous creeks till its delta in Arabiander. Four tehsils of Thatta district are on the

l Kharo Chhan is on both sides of river Indus. T

ue to long coastline of about 107 kilometers as

outhern portion adjoining Great Run of Kach

. The northern part of this district is paramou

erthar range of mountains (Brief on Distric

was 1.113 million in 1998 as compared to 0.76

ercent over the last few years. If the popula

ercent per annum, it will double in about 31 y

population is (48:52) but the Gender disparit

of human development.

Jati, Kothi, G.M Baran and Keenjhar are mos

s are often affected by natural as well as m


e for Resilience

hi, Keenjhar and

geted doing Risk

ging community

ture, frequency,o find out social,

nd capacities of

women actively

divided roles to

and the district

chi on National

to 68 45' east

on the east by

hh area and the

istrict is 17,355

iver Indus flows

Sea near chachright bank, four

he southwestern

well as shortage

on the border

nt and known as

Thatta, District

1 million in 1981

ion continues to

ars (World Bank

is visible in the

prone to hydro

nmade disasters


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taking place in Arabian Sea thro

be traced around the UC Kothi

Economy

District Thatta get the water fr

Arabian Sea in the south, Distric

source of income of the people

occupation. Main Crops are Rice

Agriculture

The irrigated and productive areagricultural land is very limite

region. Wheat, rice and sugarca

major crops have shown surpris

of these crops have significantly

2008-09 are reported in the Tab

Industry

There are about 30 industrial un

larger industrial units are locate

labour force working in these u

units of the district include sug

works, ice factory (2), etc. In a

supplied to the Pakistan Steel M

Livestock

Livestock in the district suffers i

as a result of the overall shortag

LIVELIHOOD

T, Thatta 2014

gh creeks. Nonetheless, the visible impacts of

hereas most of the villages are now submerge

m River Indus which flows from here till it m

ts economy based on Agriculture and Fishing i

, major portion of the population is related t

, Sugarcane, wheat, Banana and Tomatoes.

a lies only in the middle of the district in Sajaw, yet the available cultivable land is very p

ne are major crops of this district. Official stati

ing results i.e., over the last twenty years, are

increased. Area sown and production of food

le.

its established in the district. Apart from the s

in Dhabeji and Gharo mouzas adjacent to Kar

its is non-local and generally belongs to Karac

ar mills (5), textile mills (9), paper mills (2),

ddition, crushed stones from the Makli Hills

ill and the Thatta Cement Factory.

particular from shortage of high quality feed

e of water


sea intrusion can

.

ets to the great

s the 2nd largest

these means of

l taluka. Thoughoductive in this

stics about these

and production

nd cash crops in

gar mills, all the

achi. Most of the

hi. The industrial

lour mill (3) salt

nd Kohistan are

nd fodder crops


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Food Security in Thatta

A Preliminary District-level An

Economics (PIDE) Islamabad,

Environments of the Poor, pres

District Thatta is an agro-based

of activities likewise; agriculture

labour. Among these three type

has been relatively higher in th

and small farmers.

All the social indicators includin

and inadequate infrastructure

level of poverty and deprivation

market infrastructure, the floodresult, the functioning capacit

retailers) decreased with upw

commodities. This phenomenon

Due to frequent occurrence of

in living standards of people of

water has been becoming insuff

clean getting disappeared. Follo

Increased use of unprote

The drop in access to pr

Reduction in the quantit

WASH

T, Thatta 2014

lysis was conducted by Pakistan Institute

hereas a background Paper for Conferen

ented in New delhi on 24-26 Nov, 2010. Accor

district with majority of the households enga

farming, livestock rearing and non-agriculture

s of the households, empirical studies have sh

non-agriculture households, followed by live

large household size, poor literacy level, high

ith poor access to education and health faciliti

in this district. Through the destruction of roa

s had a significant negative impact on commoof the markets (transporters, processors,

ard movement of transaction costs and s

hindered the socio-economic access of food in

isasters and changing patterns of climate has

indh in general and Thatta in particular. Acces

icient to get survive, beside other practices of

ing are the few findings recorded during HVC

cted water sources for drinking across all 4 tar

tected water sources is most pronounced.

of drinking water available in the district.


of Development

e on the "The

ing to study that

ed in three type

activities/casual

wn that poverty

tock households

er mortality rate

es show a higher

s, transport and

ity market. As awholesalers and

ortage of food

the district.

esulted diversity

ibility to potable

eeping neat and

.

eted UCs.


9/26


Disrepair and damage to

Very few of the househ

method.

Only few of households

irrigation purpose. It is observed that adul

fetching drinking water f

No hygienic practices are

The disasters affect the econ

economic conditions, it is impo

with the impact of natural disa

area, unusual characteristic an

devastating, whether natural or

There are different types of d

earthquakes, cyclones, hurrica

Man-made disasters include ch

mass population displacement

mismanagement of rivers thro

pollution etc.

It has only recently dawned up

wisely so as to reduce risks that

ensure that future generation

reinforcing the environmental c

requiring the sound manageme

their impacts on people, their h

Thatta is vulnerable to a numb

droughts. A chronology of dis

remained in the grip of an unin

heavy rainfalls, droughts and

earthquake seems to be a rar

comparison to other hazards ex

collected and recorded during di

HAZARD PROFILE OF THATTA D

T, Thatta 2014

water sources as compared to the pre-flood si

olds in the HVCA found using some kind of

reported having appropriate, water storage

t women and children, who are most likely

om distant areas.

promoted in village neither in schools.

my badly and disrupt development progra

sible for the poor and vulnerable, living in th

sters. The particular combination of geograph

its topography, makes disasters of even me

man-made.

isasters. Natural disasters include floods, dr

es, tornadoes, typhoons, landslides, volcani

mical accidents, oil spills, radiological accident

or refugee migration, forest fires, water cut

ugh construction of dams, barrages, link-can

n us to take care of our natural resources a

natural and man-made hazards pose to peopl

are able to live in a care free manner.

oncerns of disaster management has become

t of natural resources as a tool to prevent di

mes and livelihoods.

r of natural disasters including frequent cycl

asters over the last five decades reveals th

errupted cycle of disasters in one form or the

loods follow each other with short-lived int

phenomenon proving to be less disastrous

erienced by the communities at risk. Major di

scussion with community and NGOs is given b

STRICT


uation.

ater treatment

for drinking and

to be the ones

. Due to poor

village, to cope

ical condition of

dium level more

ughts, famines,

c eruptions etc.

s, conflicts/wars,

, diversions and

als, and oceanic

d manage them

living today and

mphasizing and

critical priority,

asters or reduce

nes, floods, and

at the area has

other. Cyclones,

rvals. However,

in its effects in

asters history as

low in table.


10/26


S# Type of Disaster

1 Cyclones

2 Heavy Rainfall

3 Floods

4 Earth quack

5 Tsunami

6 Drought

7 Sea Intrusion

8 Water Logging

and salinity

Floods

Flood hazard is the potential f

natural floodplain resources

(magnitude, duration, and exte

flooding. The 2010 Pakistan Flo

disastrous impacts. Considering

as one of the worst natural disa

event.

Impacts of Floods 2010

The floods of 2010 had a

of the 9 talukas, were af

population, particularly f

the related industries.

Flushing of Rain water

embankments got worse

Many sub drains are eith

sites are accessible.

T, Thatta 2014

Frequency Severity Areas a

1964, 1999,

2003, 2004,

2007, 2010,

(2014)

High, (Low) Keti Ba

Shah B

Kharoc

1973, 1994,2011&12 (almost

every year)

High Entire d

1976, 1999,

2003, 2006,

2007, 2010, 2011

High Entire d

2001, 2013 Low

Thatta,

Kharoc

2004-5 High

Keti Ba

Shah B

Kharoc2005, 2013-14 Medium Thatta

Since 1995 and

1999

High Delta/

line

Since 1990 High Delta/

line

or inundation that involves risk to life, healt

nd functions. It is comprised of three el

t of flooding), probability of occurrence, and

ds caused by unprecedented monsoon rainfa

the number of people affected, the 2010 floo

sters in the country and is considered as one i

devastating effect on this district as all the 55

ected. Most of the sources of livelihood were d

or those whose livelihood was dependent on a

into river beyond its capacity from Muark

n and caused breaches.

er entirely sub-merged or breached. Breaches


ffected

der,

nder,

han, Jati

istrict

istrict

Sakro,

han, Jati

der,

nder,

han, Jati

oastal

oastal

h, property, and

ments: severity

peed of onset of

ll has resulted in

s can be tagged

a hundred year

nion councils,

estroyed for the

riculture and

i and Kot Almo

losed wherever,


11/26


Accumulation of rain wa

existence of suitable drai

Bottlenecks across aque

Sea Intrusion

Sea intrusion was the result of

reasons. There had been mang

The Federal Flood Commission

150 kilometers of both the dist

coastal areas of Thatta while i

seawater flooding in the coastal

of Thatta, Ketty Bunder, Jaati, S

belt of Thatta district.

Cyclone

The coastal districts have also b

coastal districts - Karachi, Thatt

Thatta district has been badly

human settlements and resulte

destroyed and damaged fishing

residents of district. Historically,

landfall at the coastal areas of Swhich hit coastal areas were in

May 1999 and June 2007. The C

244 loss of life, 40177 animals

population affected 0.5 million

Health facilities, Educational ins

about Rs. 3.231 billion (PDMA Si

Keti Bunder town was wiped ou

2011(KIELA) also emerged durin

in district Thatta.

Cyclone Nanauk, which hit the c

coast with sustained speed wit

with gusty-winds in coastal area

T, Thatta 2014

er in cities/towns and other areas of district du

nages/ escapages infrastructure.

ucts and water courses crossings.

lack of freshwater in downstream Kotri, this

oves to prevent sea intrusion but the same

(FFC) had also conducted a study of sea intru

icts (Thatta and Badin). Rise in sea level cause

termittent rains continue in Badin. The Met

areas of Sindh. This sent a wave of panic am

hah Bunder, Kharochan, besides villages locat

en adversely affected by heavy rainfall and cy

a and Badin, are highly vulnerable to cyclone

ffected on several occasions. Cyclones not on

d in the huge losses of human and animal liv

boats, therefore badly affected the livelihood

the tropical cyclones formed over the Arabia

indh including Thatta. Major cyclones during tMay 1902, June 1926, June 1964, November

clone Yemen in 1999 hit three coastal district

erished, villages affected to 1449, houses da

as reported. Damaged infrastructure was 45 P

titutions 334 and 208 kms of roads. Loss in fin

ndh Reported).

t four times in recent history. The cyclones of

g few years back, out of which PHET caused sig

astal areas of Oman by June 15, 2014. It move

average of 130 km/h. It caused intermittent

s of Sujawal, Thatta and created panic amongst


e to non-

was one of the

ad disappeared.

sion spread over

d flooding in the

Office indicated

ng the residents

d at the coastal

lones. The three

emergency. The

ly wiped out the

s, but they also

f the majority of

Sea and making

e last 100 years993, June 1998,

of Sindh, where

aged to 29873,

HED facilities, 16

ancial terms was

2010 (PHET) and

nificant damages

d towards Oman

rainfall, together

dwellers.


12/26


Tsunami

The Sindh province can be a r

November 1945 at Makran co

meters height that killed about

but still it experienced 6 feet

happens during the months of

The effects of tsunami of Dece

rise in water detected by tide

population including Karachi.

Drought

Sindh geographically can be di

mountainous area, coastal areaarea is arid receiving rainfall on

& January. The arid area peopl

crops. The failure of rainfall and

System (IRS). Sindh being at the

ground water is brackish and 80

People arid area usually move

1998-2002 created havoc in th

situation during 1871, 1881, 1

2002. Around 1.4 million peopl

were affected. The ground wate

a result of malnutrition diseas

million acres to 2.611 million a

35%. Besides, cultivated area

except for a couple of districts.

drought situation.

During the year 2012 also the

saved the area from devastatiocommand area with their lives

during monsoon 2013 due to un

is expected, put sufferings of hu

Monsoon

T, Thatta 2014

cipient of a tsunami disaster. A tsunami dis

ast in Balochistan Province. It produced sea

4,000 people. Although Karachi was away fro

igh sea waves which affected harbour facili

arch, April and May.

ber, 2004 were also felt along the Pakistan co

auge station at Keti Bander area created pa

vided into four zones namely eastern desert

in the south and irrigated agriculture area in thverage of 5 inches during monsoon and very li

e depend upon the scanty rainfall raising liv

global climatic effects reduce the water suppli

end of the system usually takes the brink. Besi

agricultural land is affected by water logging

o canal commanded area but low flow in the

e entire province. Historically, Sindh faced th

99, 1931, 1942 and 1999. The last one persi

e, 5.6 million cattle head and 12.5 million ac

r depleted to 30-40 feet, and the quality of life

s erupted. The cultivated area reduced in

cres. The most affected was wheat area 22%

rew poor crops, which created food scarcit

here was tremendous drop out (about 27%) i

rought situation was going to severe, but lat

n, even than about 15% population of Thartock in search of livelihood. The uncertain

timely rains may affect crop sowing in Thar an

man and animal population.


ster occurred in

waves of 12-15

m the epicentre,

ies. This usually

stline. Abnormal

ic in the coastal

, western hilly /

middle. Its 60%ttle in December

stock and millet

es in Indus River

des, two-third of

and salinity.

river Indus from

e worst drought

ted till the year

es cropped area

became poor. As

998 from 3.415

and rice almost

all over Sindh,

schools, due to

monsoon rains

oved to barrageeather situation

Kohistan, which


13/26


The southwestern summer mon

India, Tharparkar Sindh and ad

heats up considerably during

northern and central Indian sub

Indian Ocean rush in to the subHimalayas, creating winds blo

Himalayas act like a high wall an

to rise. With the gain in altitude

Some areas of the subcontinen

generally expected to begin aroun

moisture-laden winds on reaching t

become divided into two parts as u

Arabian Sea Branch of So

Bay of Bengal Branch of

Summer monsoons result in

originating from Bay of Bengal a

tend to traverse the Indian land

of Himalayas along Pir Panjal R

rivers except Indus. Offshoots o

in the west of the country. If th

to combine with western weath

contribute towards major flood

Impacts of Climate change on I

The Indus River Delta forms wh

delta covers an area of about 4

across where it meets the sea.

arid, the region only receives b

home to the largest arid mang

Indus Dolphin.

Since the 1940s, the delta has

capturing large amounts of the

catastrophic for both the envir

floods were considered "good

they brought much needed fres

T, Thatta 2014

soons occur from June through September; p

oining areas of the northern and central Indi

he hot summers. This causes a low pressur

continent. To fill this void, the moisture -lade

ontinent. These winds, rich in moisture, are dring storm clouds towards the subcontine

d do not allow the winds to pass into Central A

of the clouds, the temperature drops and pre

t receive up to 10,000 mm of rain. The south

the first week of June and dies down by the end

he southern most points of the Indian peninsula, d

nder:

uthwest Monsoon

outhwest Monsoon

heavy cyclones and weather systems bas

nd also Arabian Sea. The Bay of Bengal related

mass and cause heavy precipitation along the

nge in Kashmir which constitutes the catchm

f Hindu-Kush like Koh-e-Suleiman range limits

eastern monsoon system originating from Ba

er systems it would result in very heavy precipi

like in 1992.

dus Delta

ere the Indus River flows into the Arabian Sea

1,440 km (16,000 square miles), and is appro

he active part of the delta is 6,000 km in ar

etween 25 and 50 cm of rainfall in a normal

rove forests in the world, as well as many bi

received less water as a result of large scale

Indus water before it reaches the delta. The

nment and the local population. As a result, t

news" for the ecosystem and population of t

water.


rts of Rajasthan

an subcontinent

e area over the

winds from the

awn towards thet. However the

sia, forcing them

ipitation occurs.

west monsoon is

f September. The

ue to its topology,

ed precipitation

weather systems

outhern reaches

nt region for all

monsoon impact

y of Bengal were

tation which can

in Pakistan. The

ximately 210 km

a. The climate is

ear. The delta is

ds, fish and the

irrigation works

result has been

e 2010 Pakistan

he river delta as


14/26


The population of the active pa

population depends on agricul

former settlements in the delta

the encroaching Arabian Sea.

Sindh government announced t

more plantations were consider

over the past 50 years).

The delta faces pollution both

threatens many species. Most

fertilizer. The delta faces poll

releases sewage and discharge

untreated. Both Port of Karachi

oil discharge, some of which rquality, causes eutrophication, r

Socio-economic Vulnerability

The people living in far areas

availability as well as accessibili

system for making people infornews are flashed which are th

people in the village. The absen

and non availability of formal

affected communities. These

resource base with no control

arable land, and small-scale ent

make them the most vulnerable

Structural Vulnerabilities

The dwellings, hamlets and villa

are the most frequent subject

availability of disaster -resistant

constitute the physical vulnera

VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS

T, Thatta 2014

rt of the delta was estimated at 900,000 in 2

ure and fishing. Mangrove forests provide f

ave been abandoned as result of lack of wate

hat 8,000 hectares of mangrove forests had b

ed (however, the delta has lost 170,000 hecta

from sea and the Indus river. Chemical run-

of this chemical run-off consists of agricultu

tion from the Arabian Sea. Karachi, Pakist

from industrial units into the Arabian sea,

and Port Qasim handle significant shipping tr

eaches the delta. All of this pollution lowerseducing the amount of habitat.

or villages are more vulnerable and margin

ty to alternative means of livelihood. There i

ed of any disaster in the entire coastal belt.only source in addition to mobile phones p

e of early warning education and improper co

rotection reduce the social resilience and c

communities are largely depending upon

over and entitlement of natural productive r

epreneurship. These non-structural dimension

.

ges those are situated in close proximity of In

o the disasters. The structure and placement

physical infrastructure and remoteness come

ility of communities at large. Water resource


03. Most of the

el wood. Many

in the Indus and

en planted, and

es of mangroves

ff into the river

re pesticide and

n's largest city,

ost of which is

affic, resulting in

the river water

alized, with less

no forewarning

Sometimes radioossessed by few

ping mechanism

ping capacity of

oor and fragile

sources such as

s of vulnerability

us River or Sea;

of houses, non-

s into alliance to

mismanagement


15/26


and poor management of drai

under cultivation have become

Elements at risk

Elderly people and the di

Children and pregnant w

Sick and ailing people

Widows and single wom

Families living near the s

Families living in thatche

Fishermen at sea

Farmers Livestock

Family valuable docume

Houses & weak structure

Livelihood assets such as

Standing crops, horticult

Village water sources/ P

In the targeted area 86% hous

with mud. However, 14% hous

usually live in mud-thatched h

becoming saline and degraded d

There are three types of vulnera

Physical/Material Vulnerability

Weakness of the built environ

living in hazard prone areas

constitutes physical/material vul

Social/Organizational Vulnerabi

Social/Organizational Vulnerab

against and marginalize certain

who have been marginalized in

T, Thatta 2014

nage system multiply miseries for these co

aline and degraded due to successive floods.

sable

omen

n

a

d houses

ts

s

boats, nets

re trees and plantation

nds/ Hand pumps etc

s are Kacha, which are made of local materi

s are Pacca/ Semi Pacca made of bricks and

uses in these areas. Lands under cultivation

ue to successive floods and sea intrusion.

bilities found during assessment as under;

ent and lack of access to physical and mate

r in unsafe buildings, lack of savings, insur

nerability.

lity

lity refers to inequality in social systems t

groups of people from accessing resources an

social, economic or political terms are vulner


munities. Lands

l and reinforced

cements. People

are increasingly

ial resources i.e.

ance and assets

hat discriminate

services. People

ble to disasters.


16/26


Weakness in social and organiza

to conflict and war. Conflict over

Attitudinal/Motivational Vulne

Existence of fatalistic myths arisks. If people believe that disa

ability to affect change or hav

these people are often harder hi

Physical Vulnerability

District Thatta is vulnerable to

number of natural hazards

like riverine and rain floods,

cyclones and droughts. RiverIndus divides Thatta into two

parts i.e. East and West. Four

tehsils of Thatta district are on

the right bank, four are on left

bank while one tehsil Kharo

Chhan is on both sides of river

Indus. River Indus, after

receiving water from 5 of its

tributary rivers, causes floods.

Flood 2010, 2011 and 2012 is

the recent instance.

Geographically, Thatta is

divided into three parts. The

south western part is saline

and sea-affected due to long

coastline of about 107

kilometres as well as shortage

of river Indus water, while the

southern portion adjoining

Great Run of Kachh on the

border of India is desert likesandy area. The northern part

of this district is paramount

and known as Kohistan

connected with Kheerthar

range of mountains.

The Coastal tehsils of District

T, Thatta 2014

tional areas may also cause disasters e.g. deep

resources due to poverty can also lead to viole

ability

d religious beliefs influence peoples vulnerasters are acts of God and if they have low co

lost heart and feel defeated by events the

by disasters.

Social Vulnerability Motivational

Poor people cant afford

investment in disaster risk

reduction. Thatta District has

been declared as one of thepoorest district of Pakistan;

especially its coastal areas are

extremely poverty stricken.

The poverty figures in Thatta

district are higher perhaps as

high as 70 percent.

Land use pl

management

rarely follow

of the districto live near

agriculture p

mostly low ly

the reason th

low lying are

damage tha

areas.

District Thatta is rural by its

characteristics like majority of

the other districts in Sindh. 89

percent of the population

resides in rural area as

compared to the 11percent

that resides in the urban

areas. Most people in rural

areas lack job opportunities,

health and educationalfacilities which escalates their

risk against different hazards.

Lack of know

public and lo

severity of h

affect them,

damage, and

be taken, is

the mos

hindrances i

efforts to

potentially dof most hazar

In 1998, population of district Whenever e


division can lead

ce.

bility to disasternfidence in their

cannot control,

Vulnerability

nning and wise

of land are

d by the people

t. People preferriver side for

urpose which is

ing areas. Thats

t settlements of

s receive heavy

rest of other

ledge of general

al officials about

azards that may

associated risks,

precautions to

perhaps one of

t significant

n present day

mitigate the

isastrous effectsds.

arly warning is


17/26


Thatta being in close

proximity to the Arabian Sea

are endangered with growing

seawater intrusion owing to

the reduced fresh water

flows/ availability. Vast landhas merged in sea. Keti

Bunder and Kharo Chhan

Tehsils of the district are the

worst affected of the land

degradation as a result of sea

water intrusion.

Floods/Heavy Rains in the

Sindh province is because of

the climate change.

Environmental scientistsagree that this has happened

because of climate change.

We cannot explain the floods

in Sindh as the area that

received the rain is normally

very dry. The amount of rain it

received is usually the amount

it gets in five years.

Agriculture is largely

underdeveloped in districtThatta. Due to the flood

irrigation system, acute water

shortage and inadequate

system of drainage, the

cultivable land has degraded

to a varying degree causing a

threat to food security and

incomes and, employment of

the farming community,

particularly of smalllandowners and haris

Disasters are rooted in

development failures e.g.

unsafe buildings that could

not withstand cyclones,

tsunami and earthquakes

results in disasters. Most

T, Thatta 2014

Thatta was 1,113,194 with an

estimated growth rate of

2.26% per annum while the

estimated population for year

2014 is 1,593,887persons.

Population gives birth tomany socio-economic

problems and makes the area

vulnerable to different natural

and made-made hazards.

issued to th

any hazard

refused to

area. Same e

Flood 2011.

Dependent population [the

population that is less than 15

years and more than 65 years

of age] in the case of ThattaDistrict is 46.79 percent of the

total population and the

working population is 53.21

percent, which shows that

dependency ratio in the

district is 88 percent.

In rural area

women are

disaster risk r

because of sbiological

differences.

on wome

differently,

same hous

have less soci

political pow

represented

leadership str

The education status is quite

poor in Thatta. The overallilliteracy rate for year 2012-13

(for the population of 10

years and above) 64%; for

male it is 52 and for female it

is 77%. For the urban rural

comparison, rural illiteracy

rate is higher than the urban.

Literate people can easily be

mobilized and aware of the

different disaster risks.

Most of the

male, femachildren are

Paan and Gu

them vulner

diseases like

Plenty of information is

available with various

agencies especially on status

of cyclones and floods

affected communities and

persons. Several NGOs have

Cultural cons

mobility whi

rescue, for e

may not le

without male


people against

the people

evacuate their

ent occurred in

s of the district

marginalized in

eduction process

ocial, economic,and physical

isaster impacts

and men

ven within the

hold. Women

al, economic and

er and are not

s well in formal

uctures.

people including

le and evenfond of chewing

ka which makes

ble to different

ral cancer.

raints on female

ch hinder sel -

xample, women

ave the home

permission.


18/26


19/26


reasons that households out-

migrated. About 26 percent of

rural households have hand

pumps inside the housing

units, while 7percent of

housing units use wells.Livelihood of the coastal

communities is vulnerable

against hazards like sea

intrusion, cyclones, droughts

and floods. According to

recent surveys by Sindh Board

of Revenue, the degraded

lands shot up to 2.2 million

acres in 159 dehs reducing

crop production in Thatta.Drought and disasters have a

devastating impact on fishing,

livestock and other coastal

livelihoods.Sources: DRM Plan Thatta 2013, Baseli

Standard Measurement Survey (PSLM)

According to ADPCs definition,

households and communities and

mitigate or quickly recover from

resources available within a com

goals constitute its capacity to co

Physical/Material Capacity

In most disasters, people suffer

to physical/material things or ob

material resources are cash, foo

Social /Organizational Capacity

When everything physical is des

they have family and social net

CAPACITY ASSESSMENT

T, Thatta 2014

disaster response.

Risk assessment is the process

of hazard identification,

analysis and determination of

appropriate ways to control

these hazards. At the district

level, there is a deficiency in

risk assessment of disaster

prone areas. Vulnerability

map (used to identify

vulnerable locations) of thedistrict is also not available.

ne survey of coastal areas of Thatta district , vol 1, Pakis

2012-13

Capacities are resources, means and strength

which enable them to cope with, withstand, pre

a disaster. The combination of all the strengt

unity, society or organization that can be used

pe with hazards.

their greatest losses in the physical and mater

jects count as physical capacity. A few exampl

, land, properties and tools.

troyed, people still has their skills, experiences

orks. They have leaders and systems for makin


an Social And Living

s, which exist in

pare for, prevent,

hs attributes and

o achieve agreed

ial realm. Access

s of physical and

and knowledge;

g decisions. They


20/26


also have local, collective wisdo

cope with disaster risks.

Attitudinal/Motivational Capaci

People also have positive attitwillingness to help each other.

Through the HVCA and reviewi

have better preparedness to de

Physical Capacity S

In the year 2002-2003,

Sindh Forest Department

[SFD] allocated Rs74.26

Million for replanting and

expansion of the forests

especially in the coastal

areas. Number of schemes

were included in the Annual

Development Programme

ADP 2002-2003 e.g.

Replanting Regeneration

of 8,000 ha of Indus Delta

Mangroves in Shah Bunder,

Keti Bunder & Karachi

areas. (2000-2001 to 2004-2005), Reforestation of

harvested areas in irrigated

plantations over 2500 ha in

Hyderabad & Thatta.

T

A

o

c

a

Ri

di

In

D

r

a

D

c

p

loc

Health facilities of District

Thatta includes five

hospitals, eight Rural health

centres (RHCs), two Mother

Child Care Centre (MCHC),

forty seven Basic Health

Units (BHUs), and twenty

four General Dispensaries

(GD) and four Sub-Health

Centres (SHC).

These health facilities

provide health services both

in rural and urban areas of

D

t

G

w

in

D

E

T

r

st

D

h

T, Thatta 2014

m reflected in their cultural practices that hel

ity

udes and strong motivations such as the wil

ng of secondary information following capaci

l with natural disasters in Thatta.

cial Capacity Motivation

e District Disaster Management

uthority Thatta is the focal

ganization and authority in the

nduct and implementation of

tivities and actions on Disaster

sk Management in Thatta

strict.

the event of a disaster, the

DMA carry out emergency

sponse and relief activities in the

fected areas. DDMA formulates

RM Plan of the district and

nduct education, training and

blic awareness programmes for

cal officials, stakeholders andmmunities.

Non-

organizatio

the policy

is, to edu

maximum

people o

reduction

manageme

organize

seminars

their mes

population

of their pot

isaster Risk Management Plan of

e district Thatta is produced by

overnment of Sindh in Nov, 2008

hich contains complete

formation of the District, its

isaster History, Hazards and

ergency Response Structure.

is document is very helpful for

lief agencies and other

akeholders who want to work on

RM/DRR in district Thatta.

tp://www.ndma.gov.pk/Docume

In the floo

the volunt

governmen

other welf

presented

wherever n


them reduce or

l to survive and

ties recorded to

al Capacity

governmental

ns are following

of DDMA which

ate and aware

number of

disaster risk

and

nt. hey

orkshops and

o communicate

sage to mass

and aware them

ential hazards.

2010 and 2011,

ers assisted the

t, NGOs and

re activities and

their services

eeded.


21/26


the district not only in

routine but also in extreme

circumstances.

n

d

A

e

hs

a

f

a

Thatta is a coastal district

some kilometres away from

Karachi. A fishery industry is

well established which

provide fish to different

parts of the Province.

Fish industry is a source of

revenue collection which

enhances socio-economicconditions and standard of

life of the people by

reducing their vulnerability.

However, drought and

destruction of breeding

grounds and estuaries has

caused significant reduction

in fishing.

F

u

t

e

t

In the coastal areas,

fishermen community hasboats, which can be used in

case of flood situation.

Boats of the Fishery

department and Army can

also be utilized in search

and rescue operation.

In

ep

w

D

p

C

(

a

T, Thatta 2014

s/DRM_Plan/THATTA%20pLAN.p

fter 2010, 2011 and 2012 flood

ents, different NGOs /INGOs

ve focused their attentions onelter, wash, and livelihood

tivities. Most of the NGOs have

cused their attention to relief

tivities.

At the g

trainings a

different oNRSP, Isla

the disaste

increase th

people by

on differe

their m

community

are also r

trainings. I

cases, folltrainings is

out.

r the urban rural comparison,

ban literacy rate is higher than

e rural. Literate people can

sily be mobilized and aware of

e different disaster risks.

order to reduce poverty and

hance the capacity of theople, the Government of Sindh

ith the support from Asian

evelopment Bank has initiated a

oject named Sindh Coastal

mmunity Development Project

CCDP) in the disaster prone

eas of district Thatta.


ass root level,

e conducted by

rganizations likeic Relief etc. in

r prone areas to

e capacity of the

educating them

t hazards and

asures. Some

organizations

eplicating these

n most of the

w up of theseyet to be carried


22/26


The northern part of this

district consists of small hills

that are extended till

Kheerthar range of

mountains. This heighted

area of the district is usedas evacuation point during

flood disaster. Most people

take shelter in this elevated

area.

P

e

t

t

p

o

District headquarters of

Thatta is connected with

other talukas through well

connected roads.

Although these roads are

single but can beconsidered as good quality

roads. Most Roads of the

district are built on medium

height which be used as

evacuation point in flood

disaster.

Good roads are also helpful

in carrying out relief

activities.

Source: District Education Profi

coastal areas of Badinhttp://www.sindhforests.gov.pk

Organization (WHO), DRM Plan

S# Service

1 Natural Gas Complaints

2 Police Emergency

3 Railway Inquiry

4 Govt Post Office

5 Telephone Complaint

6 Edhi AmbulanceSource: http://www.districtthatta.gos.

EMERGENCY CONTACT LIST

T, Thatta 2014

k Army provides help in the

ergency situation and assists

e people in evacuation, to move

em for safer places. Army also

ovides boats, helicopters and

her equipment in time of need.

le Thatta, 2012-13, (Reform Support Unit), B

and Thatta districts , vol 1,resources.html [Development Program],

hatta 2013

Contact

1199

15

022-9200673/7

0298-923012

1218

0298-550301k/Emergency%20Numbers.htm


seline survey of

March,2012,World Health


23/26


List of Govt Bearers working in

S# Organization De

1 Agha Shah Nawaz

Babar

De

2 Abdul Saleem Qureshi AdCo

3 Mr. Imran Ali Ad

Co

4 Imran Hassan Khuwaja As

Th

5 Mr. Karim Din Panhyar As

Mi

6 Dr. Ghulam

Mohammad Korejo

As

Gh

7 Gada husssain Abrho Mu

Th

8 Dr. Ghulam

Mohammad Korejo

As

Ket

9 Ab Latif Abbassi Mu

(G

10 Amanullah Nidwani Mu

(Ke

11 Ashraf Kunbhar Mu

(Mi

12 Imtiaz Memon (XE

13 Ghulam Shabir Memon XE

Th14 Ram Chand XE

15 Naeem Memon XE

Ba

16 Fareed Memon XE

Sak

17 Shahjan Shah XE

18 Ghulam Yaseen Qureshi XE

19 Zahid Memon XETh

20 Shabir Memon XE

Ch

21 Maqsood Memon XE

Th

22 Shoaib Ahmed Sughario XE

T, Thatta 2014

istrict Thatta

signation Mobile# Office #

uty Commissioner 0298-

920061

itional Deputymissioner-I 0333-7806869 0298-920063

itional Deputy

missioner-II

0321-

2222425

0298-

920093

istant Commissioner

tta

0321-

8901615

0298-

920171

istant Commissioner

Pure Sakro

0300-

2459606

0298-

760032

istant Commissioner

orha Barhi

0300-

0351092

khtiar Kar (Revenue

tta

0300-

9318695

istant Commissioner

i Bundhar

0300-

0351092

khtiar kar Revenue

orha Barhi)

0300-

3376341

khtiar kar Revenue

tti Bunder)

0300-

9851588

khtiar Kar Revenue

irpure Sakro)

0300-

8388556

N) Building Thatta 0300-

3004797

0298-

920170

(Education Works

tta)

0300-

8378024

0298-

920012PHED Thatta 0321-

9220620

0344-

562062

(irrigation) Kalari

harh Thatta

0300-

3300707

(Irrigation) Mir pure

ro Division

0300-

3049279

Agriculture Workshop 0303-

3396842

0298-

920014

RBOD Thatta 0334-

2388812

Provincial Buildingtta

0300-2995264

0298-920197

Roads Thatta (add,

rge)

0300-

8378024

Provincial Highway

tta,Badain

0300-

2196944

Drainage Thatta 0321-

2886807


Home #

0298-

920056


24/26


23 Syed Mehdi Shah XE

W

24 Ab Ghafoor Shaikh XE

W

25 Ghulam Hussain Wagan Dis

26 Riaz Shar Po

27 Kaka Ghulam Qadir DE

28 Ghulam Mustafa DO

Th

29 Ab Rauf Kandrho DO

30 Imtiaz Bhutto De

Ag

31 Khuda Bux Behrani DO

32 Shafqat Abrho DO

33 Zulfiqar Ali Memon DO

34 Dr.Salah Din DO

35 Dr.Mohan Lal Do

Hu

36 Shahid gaho DO

Th

37 Dr.Zahoor Memon DH

38 Mehboob Zardari TM

39 Mamtaz Ali Zardari TM

40 Qazi Ali Gulzar TM

41 Syed Imtiaz To

Th

42 Abdul Qayoom AE

43 Shahid AE

44 Fida Hussain Mastoi SS

45 Asad Aijaz DP

Source: Office of Deputy Commissioner

T, Thatta 2014

(operation) HESCO

pda Thatta

0300-

9377976

(construction) HESCO

pda Thatta

0347-

3669629

trict Accounts Officer 0315-

9202920

0298-

920068ulation Welfare Officer 0300-310972 0298-

770220

(Education) Thatta 0308-

3308778

0298-

920141

(Sec & Higher Sec)

tta

0300-

2959614

Elemantary Thatta 0300-

3669791

uty Director

iculture Thatta

0333-

7540919

0298-

920150

Social Welfare Thatta 0321-

3715351

(Fisheries) 0300-

2229190

(forest) Thatta 0314-

2852319

0298-

920108

(Poultry) Thatta 0300-

9215477

(Livestock Animal

sbandry)

0333-

2113952

Water Management

tta-1

0342-

2022225

O (Health Thatta 0315-3753113

0298-920154

O Thatta 0300-

0200552

O Sakro 0300-

2114370

O Ghora Barhi 0333-

7103858

rism officer, STDC

tta

0300-

3047515

NTC Thatta 0298-

920000NTC Thatta 0300-

3784786

0298-

770000

Thatta 0298-

920133-

O (HQ) Thatta 0298-

920137

Thatta


4


25/26


Livelihood

Fodder stocks should

emergencies.

Livestock owners should

Capacity can be built thr

Flood control and salinit

for cultivation. (For tech

Sector lead should hav

studies so that flooding

for surface run off.

Food

As district government h

without prior approval/i

In case of any distributi

should be easily accessib For extremely vulnerable

and children, separate d

so that they do not suffe

WASH

Innovative approaches a

locally acceptable water

existing social institutio

required. Sector lead should meet

and should distribute ch

like cholera and hepatiti

DRR measures should b

to minimize the possibili

the hygiene issues.

SECTORAL DRR MEASURES

T, Thatta 2014

be maintained by the sector (if available

be encouraged to insure their cattle heads.

ugh awareness programs on livelihood diversi

control projects can be conceived to make m

ical Team)

meetings with Irrigation department to car

an be avoided and find out catchment areas a

as declared that all distributions should not be

formation of district Govt.

n, points should be established in the emerg

le to most of the needy population. groups such as elderly persons, people with di

sk and queues at food distribution point shou

r difficulties in attaining food.

re required to ensure the availability of low-

and sanitation interventions. Integrating these

s such as schools, markets, madrassa and h

with Municipal administrators to monitor the

lorine tablets for water purification in order t

during floods.

incorporated in the construction of sewerag

y of over flowing of sewage water in rainy day


) to cope with

ication.

re land available

ry out hydraulic

d water courses

planned/ carried

ncy hit area and

sabilities, female

ld be established

ost, simple, and

approaches into

ealth facilities is

quality of water

o avoid diseases

system in order

s and to mitigate


26/26

Hand pumps should be

water supplies in the eve

Possible measures shoul

village to avoid deteriora

WASH lead should worconstruction codes so th

Social Mobilization Unit (SMU)

Active people from the c

early warning for the loc

informal and locally influ

or any influential.

FSL lead with the supp

trainings and awarenesschairmen and presidents

FSL lead and SMU shoul

youth for mobilization o

through awareness build

Stockpiling of essential

through awareness prog

installed on raised platforms to maintain ad

nt of a flood.

be taken through awareness raising campaig

tion of aquatic environment.

with the government to establish and strict future threats can be mitigated.

ommunity organizations (COs) should be used

al endangered communities because people h

ential sources of information; e.g. a religious le

ort of SMU should design and organize ad

sessions for improved agricultural practicesas they have great influence over the commun

d also organize the awareness sessions by inc

f vulnerable communities and should promot

ing livelihood activities.

food items should be encouraged among

ams (SMU).

quate access to

s in schools and

ly enforce strict

or disseminating

ve lot of trust in

aders, a teachers

ocacy seminars,

by involving COsity members.

rporating active

e some business

the community

2014 HVCA Report Islamic Relief District Thatta by Muhammad Khan

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