2012/12/20

1

New Steel Reinforcement

Standard CS2:2013

A Laboratory Perspective

Ir C K Cheung

Hong Kong Concrete Institute

Construction Standard CS2:2012

Steel Bars for the

Reinforcement of Concrete

香港特別行政區政府

The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region

CS2:2012 (rev. H)

Reinforcing Steel Bar Properties

• Strength - discharge load bearing function

• Ductile - bending into shape

- exhibit progressive failure

• Weldability - welded prefabrications

- on-site welding

• Rib Geometry - bonding with concrete

• Fatigue - structures of sophisticated design

CS2:2012 Rev. H

• Reference to

• BS4449:2005

• BS4449:2009 (Amendment 2)

• For ribbed steel reinforcing bars

• BS4482:2005

• For plain steel reinforcing bar up to 12mm

diameter

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2

Why not to BS EN 10080:2005

• It does not define steel grades or

technical classes

• It requires technical classes should be

defined by specified values of Re,

Rm/Re, Agt, fatigue strength, bend

performance, weldability, bond strength,

tolerances and dimensions to National

Standard e.g. BS4449:2005

EN 10080 does not include all the

requirements to fully specify reinforcing

steels. It is intended that EN 10080 should

be used in conjunction with a Technical

Specification, in which the details of the

performance characteristics are specified.

Within the UK, three standards have been

revised for use with EN 10080, these are:

—BS4449:2005, Steel for the

reinforcement of concrete — Weldable

reinforcing steel — Bar, coil and decoiled

product — Specification

—BS4482:2005, Steel wire for the

reinforcement of concrete products —

Specification

—BS4483:2005, Steel fabric for the

reinforcement of concrete — Specification

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CS2:2012 Stage 1

• Full material specifications

• Grade 250 plain steel rebar to 12mm

• Grade 500B and 500C ribbed steel rebar

• Local requirements for Quality Assured

Stockist

• Purchaser test upgraded by deleting Class

3 steel rebars

QA Stockists

• Certified to the BSI QA System for Registered

Stockists is no longer applicable

• QA Stockists are now required to be certified to

the requirements of ISO 9001 by a certification

body accredited by HKAS with a SCOPE related

to good practices on storage, handling and

supply of steel reinforcing bars in accordance

with the specific requirements stipulated in this

Construction Standard.

QA Stockists

• QA Stockists are also required to

implement specific control on

non-conforming products

• as stated in Clause 4.2 of the CS2:2012

Clause 4.2 of the CS2:2012

• Certification requirements for QA Stockists

shall include procedures on handling of

non-conforming products for all classes of

steel reinforcing bars and

• maintenance of product traceability from

the QA Manufacturer to the delivery site

for Class 1 steel reinforcing bars.

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Certification requirements for

QA Stockists (1)

• (a) The customer who has purchased the non-

conforming steel reinforcing bars is notified of the

corrective action to be taken including details of

disposition on the non-conforming steel

reinforcing bars.

• (b) The non-conforming steel reinforcing bars

arising from (a) above shall not be sold, supplied

and/or used as conforming steel reinforcing bars of

the original grade.

Certification requirements for

QA Stockists (2)

• (c) Records of the above (a) and (b) are to be

kept as Quality Records.

• (d) For Class 1 steel reinforcing bars,

acceptable measures such as proper fixing of

the manufacturer’s product traceability tags to

steel reinforcing bars shall be taken throughout

the handling, storage and delivery processes to

prove product traceability.

Purchasers Testing

• In this CS2:2012 bend test is no longer

required.

• Determination of mass per metre is

explicitly required as one of the

purchaser’s tests since control on mass

within permissible deviations is crucial.

CLASSIFICATION

• All steel reinforcing bars shall be manufactured by

QA Manufacturers, and handled by

QA Stockists throughout the supply chain, and

shall be classified as follows:

• Class 1 steel reinforcing bars

• Steel reinforcing bars that are fully traceable to

their manufacturer and production data.

• Class 2 steel reinforcing bar

• Steel reinforcing bars that are traceable to their

manufacturers and production data except their

heat /cast numbers.

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Purchaser’s tests

• 1. Mechanical properties –

• (a) Tensile – Yield, Tensile/Yield ratio, Agt

• (b) Rebend

• (c) Mass per metre

• 2. Chemical composition for 10 elements

• 3. Bond strength and Surface Geometry

Description

TABLE 10: No. of test specimens per batch

Class 1 Class 2

Size of batch Tensil

e

Reben

d

Mass per

metre

Chemical

composit

ion (product

analysis)

Bond

property Size of batch

Tensil

e

Reben

d

Mass per

metre

Chemical

composi

tion (product

analysis)

Bond

property

Steel reinforcing bar

nominal size 6 mm -

16 mm

0 - 60 tonnes 3 1 3 1 1 0 - 35 tonnes 3 1 3 1 1

each

additional

60 tonnes or part of

60 tonnes

1 Nil 1 Nil Nil

each additional

35 tonnes or

part of 35 tonnes

3 Nil 3 Nil Nil

Steel reinforcing bar

nominal size 20 mm

- 32 mm

0 - 80 tonnes 3 1 3 1 1 0 - 45 tonnes 3 1 3 1 1

each

additional

80 tonnes or part of

80 tonnes

1 Nil 1 Nil Nil

each additional

45 tonnes or

part of 45 tonnes

3 Nil 3 Nil Nil

Steel reinforcing bar

nominal size

exceeding 32 mm

0 - 100 tonnes 3 1 3 1 1 0 - 55 tonnes 3 1 3 1 1

each

additional

100 tonnes or part of 100

tonnes

1 Nil 1 Nil Nil

each additional

55 tonnes or

part of 55 tonnes

3 Nil 3 Nil Nil

Class 1: QA Producer + QA Stockist + Lot traceable

Construction Standard CS2:1995

Class 2: QA Producer + QA Stockist + Lot not traceable

Class 3 : Not Class 1 or Class 2

Purchasers Testing (batch)

• The meanings of “batch” of steel

reinforcing bars for manufacturers testing

and for purchasers testing are also

defined in order to ensure that sampling

of test specimens is conducted in a

consistent manner.

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What is a “Purchaser Batch”

• For purchaser testing, the quantity of steel

rebars delivered to site within a week under one

delivery order, of one nominal diameter, and

one steel grade and produced by the same

manufacturer.

• A batch shall not exceed 200 tonnes for steel

reinforcing bars of diameter 20 mm and above

and shall not exceed 100 tonnes for steel

reinforcing bars of diameter less than 20mm.

What is a “Plant Batch”

• For manufacturers testing, a batch is the

quantity of steel reinforcing bars of one nominal

diameter and one heat/cast produced by one

manufacturer and presented for examination at

any one time.

• What is a “Heat/Cast” - an identifying number

assigned to the product of one melting in a steel

production furnace.

Table 2: Range of

Nominal Diameter

• Range of nominal diameter

• 6, 8, 10, 12, 16,

• 20, 25, 32, 40

• and 50 mm

• 6 and 50 mm non-preferred diameter

Determination of mass per metre

• The percentage deviation from nominal mass per

metre of the test specimen shall be determined

from the difference between the actual mass per

metre of the test specimen deduced from its

mass and length and nominal mass per metre

as given in Table 2.

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Table 2- Nominal cross-sectional area &

Nominal mass per metre

Nominal diameter,

d

(mm)

Nominal cross-

sectional area, An

(mm2)

Nominal mass per metre

(kg)

6a

8

10

12

16

20

25

32

40

50a

28.3

50.3

78.5

113.1

201.1

314.2

490.9

804.3

1256.6

1963.5

0.222

0.395

0.617

0.888

1.579

2.466

3.854

6.313

9.864

15.413

Table 3: Permissible deviation

from nominal mass/metre

Grade

Nominal diameter,

d

(mm)

Permissible

deviation from

nominal mass per

metre run

(%)

250

500B

500C

d > 8 4.5

d 8 6.0

Table 5- Characteristic tensile

properties

Grade

Yield strength,

Re

(MPa)

Tensile/yield

strength ratio,

Rm/Re

Total elongation

at maximum

force, Agt

(%)

250

250

1.15

5.0

500B

500

1.08

5.0

500C

500

1.15 and <1.35

7.5

Construction Standard CS2 : 1995

BD’s Reinforced Concrete Code

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PERCENTAGE TOTAL ELONGATION AT

MAXIMUM FORCE, AGT BY EXTENSOMETER

• extensometer used shall have a gauge

length (Le) of at least 100 mm

• extension at maximum force (ΔLm)

100.e

mg

L

LA t

Elongation at maximum force by

extensometer method

By Manual Method

• measuring the plastic elongation at

maximum force, from which the

percentage total elongation shall be

calculated.

• equidistant marks shall be made on the

free length of the test specimens.

• The distance between the marks shall be

20 mm, 10 mm or 5 mm

By Manual Method

• The measurement of the final gauge length

after fracture shall be made on the longest

broken part of the test specimens and

shall be accurate to within 0.5 mm

• Rm is the tensile strength of the test

specimen; & Ag is the percentage plastic

elongation at maximum force

2000

mggt

RAA

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• The measurement of Ag shall be made on a

gauge length of 100 mm, as close as possible

to the fracture but at a distance, r2, of at least

50 mm or 2d (whichever is the greater) away

from the fracture.

• This measurement shall be considered as

invalid if the distance, r1, between the grips

and the gauge length is less than 20 mm or d

(whichever is the greater).

Choice of different methods

• The extensometer method may be

replaced by the manual method.

• In case of dispute, the manual method

shall be applied.

How to define ductility ?

Elastic e Agt A5

X

Strain, e

Stress, s

Failure )(

y

u

f

f

1

2

3 Elongation at max. load

Elongation at break

Ductility ratio,

uf

yf

)( gtA

)5(A

ductile

brittle

What is ductility ? ISO 10606 : Steel for the reinforcement of concrete –

Determination of percentage total elongation at

maximum force

How to measure Agt ?

1 Use extensometer

2 Measure after fracture

s 0.1%Rm min.

Rm

Agt e

L

1000

0

E

R

L

LLA m

gt

How to measure Agt ?

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Table 8 – Absolute minimum and

maximum values of tensile properties

Performance

characteristic

Minimum value Maximum value

250 500B 500C 250 500B 500C

Re, MPa 243 485 485 N/A 650 650

Rm/Re 1.13 1.06 1.13 N/A N/A 1.38

Agt, % 4.0 4.0 6.0 N/A N/A N/A

Mechanical - Rebend

• (a) the test specimen shall be bent through an

angle of 90º round a mandrel with diameter not

exceeding specified Table 11

• (b) ageing shall be performed artificially by

placing the test specimen at a temperature of

100ºC, maintaining at this temperature 10ºC for

a period of 1 hour 0 to +15 min. and then

cooling in still air to room temperature; and

Mechanical - Rebend

• (c) the test specimen shall be bent back

towards its original shape (partially

re-straightened) by a steadily applied force

through at least 20º on the same bending

machine as used above.

Table 11 – Rebend test mandrel

Grade Nominal diameter,

d (mm)

Maximum

mandrel diameter

250 All sizes 2d

500B &

500C

16

>16

4d

7d

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Chemical Analysis

―The chemical composition (product

analysis) shall be determined by

spectrometric methods or an appropriate

method specified in the International

Standards listed in the bibliography of

―BS EN ISO 15630-1:2010.

Table 4 – Chemical composition

(maximum % by mass)

Grade Carbon Sulphur Phosphorus Nitrogen Copper Carbon

Equivalent

Cast

analysis

250 0.22 0.05 0.05 0.012 0.80 0.42

500B

500C 0.22 0.05 0.05 0.012 0.80 0.50

Product

analysis

250 0.24 0.055 0.055 0.014 0.85 0.44

500B

500C 0.24 0.055 0.055 0.014 0.85 0.52

Table 2: Chemical composition

(maximum % by mass) Grade Carbon

(碳)

Sulphur

(硫)

Phosphorus

(磷)

Nitrogen

(氮)

Copper

(銅) Carbon

Equivalent

Cast

analysis

250 0.22 0.05 0.05 0.012 0.80 0.42

500B

&

500C

0.22 0.05 0.05 0.012 0.80 0.50

Product

analysis

250 0.24 0.055 0.055 0.014 0.85 0.44

500B

&

500C

0.24 0.055 0.055 0.014 0.85 0.52

Carbon Equivalent Value

•

• C is the percentage carbon (碳) content;

• Mn is the percentage manganese(錳)content;

• Cr is the percentage chromium (鉻)content;

• Mo is the percentage molybdenum (鉬)content;

• V is the percentage vanadium (釩) content;

• Ni is the percentage nickel (鎳) content; and

• Cu is the percentage copper (銅)content.

1556eq

CuNiVMoCrMnCC

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Tensile test – force machine

• The force-

measuring system

of the testing

machine shall be

calibrated to at

least Class 1 in

accordance with

• ISO 7500-1:2004.

Class of force machine

at least Class 1

Tensile test - Extensometer

• The extensometer

shall be calibrated to

at least Class 1 in

accordance with ISO

9513:1999 for the

determination of Rp0.2;

for the determination

of Agt, a Class 2

extensometer can be

used.

Classification of extensometer

at least Class 2

2012/12/20

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Test procedure

• The tensile test

shall be carried out

in accordance with

• BS EN

• ISO 6892-1:2009

Bond strength & surface geometry

• “Bond property” requirements of ribbed

steel reinforcing bars shall be based on

surface geometry as determined in Cl.

6.1 and 6.7.2 or bond stresses as

determined by beam test in Cl. 6.1 and

6.7.3.

• “Bond property” requirements based on

surface geometry are preferred.

Surface Geometry

• Ribbed steel reinforcing bars are characterised

by the dimensions, number and configuration

of transverse and longitudinal ribs.

• They shall have two or more rows of transverse

ribs uniformly distributed around the

perimeter.

• Within each row the ribs shall be uniformly

spaced.

• Longitudinal ribs can be present or not.

Steel bar from H K

Shiu Wing Steel Ltd

2012/12/20

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Steel bars

from China Steel bars

from Taiwan

Rib height, spacing & angle

The values for the spacing, height and rib inclination

angle of transverse ribs shall be within the ranges

Rib height, h

Rib spacing, c

Transverse rib

inclination

angle,

0.03d to 0.15d

0.4d to 1.2d

35º to 75º

Table 7: Characteristic

relative rib area

Nominal bar size, d

(mm) Relative rib area, fR

d 6 0.035

6 < d 12 0.040

d > 12 0.056

The characteristic relative rib area shall meet the requirements

2012/12/20

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Recommended formula for

calculating of relative rib area

The relative rib area, fR, for ribbed steel

reinforcing bars shall be calculated by using

the Simpson’s rule formula

dcedaaaf i

6

1)()22( 43m41R

Definition of “a”

am is the height of transverse ribs at

the mid-point determined as the mean of

at least 3 measurements in this position

per row on different transverse ribs;

a1/4 is the height of transverse ribs at

the quarter-point determined as the mean

of at least 3 measurements in this position

per row on different transverse ribs;

a3/4 is the height of transverse ribs at

the three-quarters point determined as the

mean of at least 3 measurements in this

position per row on different transverse ribs;

Definitions of “∑ei ”

• ∑ei is the part of the circumference without

ribs determined as the sum of the average

gap e between each pair of two adjacent

ribs. “e” shall be determined from at least

3 measurements;

Definition of “C”

“C” is the spacing of the transverse ribs

determined from the measured length divided by

the number of the rib gaps included in it.

The measured length shall be at least 10 rib gaps

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Transverse ribs

• The projection of the transverse ribs shall extend

over at least 75% of the circumference of the

steel reinforcing bar, which shall be calculated

from the nominal diameter.

• The transverse rib flank inclination angle shall

be greater than or equal to 45º, and the

transition from the rib to the core shall be

radiused.

Longitudinal ribs

• Where longitudinal ribs are present, their

height shall not exceed 0.10d, where d is the

nominal diameter of the steel reinforcing bar.

Retests (1)

• For each test specimen and failing to meet

the requirements for the mass per metre,

chemical composition (product analysis),

tensile properties, bend performance or

bond property, two additional test

specimens may be taken from different

steel reinforcing bars of the same batch

and be subjected to the test or tests which

the original specimen failed

Retests (2)

• If all of the additional test specimens pass the

retests, the batch from which they have been

taken shall be deemed to comply with this CS2

• For properties other than chemical composition,

the batch shall be deemed not to comply with this

CS2 if any of mass, tensile, surface geometry

fails.

• For chemical composition (product analysis), the

batch shall be deemed not to comply with this

CS2 if anyone of the 10 elements fails.

2012/12/20

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Product Certification

• Steel rebar production plant

• Stockist of rebars

• Off site cut and bend

• Steel Coupler

CS2:2013

• “Stage 1”

• Updating the technical specification and

quality assurance system for steel

reinforcing bars to align with BS4449:

2005 (Non-product certified steel rebars)

• “Stage 2”

• Requirement for Product certified steel

rebars

2012/12/20

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Facade Group

PRODUCT CONFORMITY CERTIFICATION

SCHEME

FOR

ALUMINIUM WINDOWS

(PCCS - AW)

PARTS ONE & TWO

Administrative Regulations

Technical Regulations Issue 1

October 2011

HONG KONG INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

2012/12/20

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PRODUCT CONFORMITY CERTIFICATION SCHEME

FOR

MESH REINFORCEMENTS

(PCCS – MR)

PARTS ONE & TWO

Administrative Regulations

Technical Regulations

Issue 1

15 November 2012

Draft v1

HONG KONG CONCRETE INSTITUTE

Coupler for

Steel Reinforcing Bar

Coupler for CS2:2013

Steel Rebar to meet

Static & Seismic Requirements

BD Reinforced Concrete Code Coupler for CS2:2013 Steel Rebar to meet

AC133 Seismic Requirements

2012/12/20

20

QR Code Technology

on Ductility Coupler

• Features:

– Low Cost, Durable

– Instant Response

– High Data Capacity Storing Product Data, Image and Audio Data

– Reliable with Data Encryption

– Flexible Label Size

QR Code Technology

on Ductility Coupler

• Cloud Certification

Stainless Steel Rebar

to resist corrosion

Corrosion of Steel Rebar

2012/12/20

21

Steel grades

AISI 304 *

(austenitic)

316 *

(austenitic)

329

(duplex)

---

(superaustenic)

EN 10088-1 1.4301 1.4436 1.4462 1.4529

Cogne

Grade 304HT 316HT 329HT 354/1

C <=0.07 <=0.05 <=0.03 <=0.02

Mn <=2.0 <=2.0 <=2.0 <=1.0

P <=0.045 <=0.045 <=0.035 <=0.030

S <=0.03 <=0.015 <=0.015 <=0.010

Si <=1.0 <=1.0 <=1.0 <=0.5

Ni 8.0 - 10.5 10.0 - 13.0 4.5 - 6.5 24 - 26

Cr 17 - 19.5 16.5 - 18.5 21 - 23 19 - 21

Mo - 2.5 - 3.0 2.5 - 3.5 6 - 7

N <=0.11 <=0.11 0.1 - 0.2 0.15 - 0.25 + Cu

Austenitic and Austenitic-Ferritic Duplex stainless steels BS 6744:2001

GRADE

0,2% proof

strength

Rp0,2 MPa

Stress ratio

Rm/Rp0,2

(min)

Elongation at

fracture

A5 (min.)%

Total elongation at

max force

Agt (min)%

200 * 200 1,10 22 5

500 500 1,10 14 5

650 650 1,10 14 5

Rm is the ultimate tensile strenght

BS EN 10088-1 :2005

Conclusion

• CS2:2013 Stage 1

• Purchaser testing: Mechanical, Chemical and Bond

Property

• CS2:2014/2015 (?????) Stage 2

• Product Certification of Steel Mill, Stockist, Off-site Cut

& Bend and Steel Coupler

• Electronic labelling (QR Code or RFID)

• Stainless steel reinforcing bars

• Off site fabrication of steel rebars for beam, columns

and slabs

Thank you