20121011 Higgs Thaler
Transcript of 20121011 Higgs Thaler
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The Higgs Boson
Jesse Thaler
Higgs-like Celebration Oct 11, 2012
Triumph of the Standard Model
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
Higgs-like DiscoveryJuly 4, 2012
This talk: Why the Higgs is such a big deal
= Affiliated (past or present) with MIT
8.05 = Shout out to my recitation students
Culminating a centuryof particle physics!
Defining next 25 years
of fundamental physics!
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
QuantumGravity
Protons
Electrons
Cells
Molecules
TheUniverse
TheTeVScale
HairsUs
SolarSystem
Planet
Galaxy
GrandU
nification
1011m 10
4m 10
19m 10
34m10
26m
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
QuantumGravity
Protons
Electrons
Cells
Molecules
TheUniverse
TheTeVScale
HairsUs
SolarSystem
Planet
Galaxy
GrandU
nification
1011m 10
4m 10
19m 10
34m10
26m
The Standard Model
Quarks Leptons
+Graviton Photon Gluon W/Z Bosons
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
QuantumGravity
Protons
Electrons
Cells
Molecules
TheUniverse
TheTeVScale
HairsUs
SolarSystem
Planet
Galaxy
GrandU
nification
1011m 10
4m 10
19m 10
34m10
26m
The Standard Model
Quarks Leptons
+Graviton Photon Gluon W/Z Bosons
+ Higgs!
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
Essential for Stellar Burning
Deuteron
W boson
_
Weak Force
Weak Alchemy
Electromagnetic
photon W boson
(unchanged) (!)
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Three Bizarre Properties
1. Massive Carrier
MasslessPhoton
Two Polarizations
3D glasses!Massive
W Boson
8.05: spin-1 has m = 1, 0, +1
+ ?
Three Polarizations
3. (Parity-Violating) 8.05: x x is not a symmetry of weak force
2. Self-Interacting
PhotonPass rightthrough
W
vs.
Collision
Photon
W
W
W
vs.= =
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Why is Weak Force so Weird?
8.325: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Because Weak Force is Broken
8.05: Weak charge is not conserved
Analogy: Why is ice so weird compared to water?
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Why is Weak Force so Weird?
8.325: Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking
Because Weak Force is Broken
8.05: Weak charge is not conserved
Higgs!
Analogy: Why is ice so weird compared to water?
Caused by the Higgs!
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Energy NotConserved in
Weak Decays??
n p e
A Little History
Expt:
Theory:
1920s
Chadwick, et al.
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Energy NotConserved in
Weak Decays??
n p e
A Little History
Expt:
Theory:
1920s
1930 1933
n p e?Pauli Fermi
Chadwick, et al.
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Energy NotConserved in
Weak Decays??
n p e
A Little History
Expt:
Theory:
1920s
1930 1933
n p e?Pauli Fermi
Chadwick, et al. Cowan/Reines
1956
!
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Energy NotConserved in
Weak Decays??
n p e
A Little History
Expt:
Theory:
1920s
1930 1933
n p e?Pauli Fermi
Chadwick, et al.
New ParticleNeutrino Energy Conservation
Fundamental PrincipleLessons:
Have to take the long view
Cowan/Reines
1956
!
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A Little History
Theory:
Energy NotConserved in
Weak Decays??
n p e
Expt: 1920s
Chadwick, et al. Cowan/Reines
1956
!
1930 1933
n p e?Pauli Fermi
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A Little History
Theory:
Energy NotConserved in
Weak Decays??
n p e
Expt: 1920s
Chadwick, et al. Cowan/Reines
1956
!
1930 1933
n p e?Pauli Fermi
1967
Weinberg/Salam/Glashow
n
p e
via New Weak Force?
W? Weak AlchemyW+? (Reverse) Weak Alchemy
Z? Zomething else...
Three New Force Carriers:
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A Little History
Theory:
1983
Rubbia/van der Meer
SPS @ CERN
W/Z!
Energy NotConserved in
Weak Decays??
n p e
Expt: 1920s
Chadwick, et al. Cowan/Reines
1956
!
1930 1933
n p e?Pauli Fermi
1967
Weinberg/Salam/Glashow
n
p e
via New Weak Force?
W? Weak AlchemyW+? (Reverse) Weak Alchemy
Z? Zomething else...
Three New Force Carriers:
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History in the Making?
Expt:
Theory:
1920s
1930 1933
1956
1967
1983
W/Z!!
? W/Z?
n p e?
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
History in the Making?
Expt:
Theory:
1920s
1930 1933
1956
1967
1983
W/Z!
1964
h?
!
? W/Z?
n p e?
2012
h! (?)
48 years
Higgs boson: Last ingredient of Standard Model
Prof. Klutes talk: Higgs or just Higgs-like?
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
Higgs Mechanism
Breaks Weak ForceGives Mass to
Fundamental Particles
M Higgs Boson
New Spin-0 ParticleEnsures Consistency of
Quantum Mechanics
%
Tale of Two Higgses
Massive W Boson W Self-Collisions
W
CollisionW
W
W
+ ?
Higgs
!
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
8.05: Composites (likeproton) get most mass
from strong force
M Higgs Mechanism in 2012Mass for all Fundamental Particles
For Prof. Klutes talk:
Higgs Couplings
Particle Masses
Higgs
!
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
?
M Higgs Mechanism in 1964
The Anderson, Brout/Englert, Higgs*,Guralnik/Hagen/Kibble, 't Hooft Mechanism
TwoPolarizations
+
(1964)
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
?
M Higgs Mechanism in 1964
The Anderson, Brout/Englert, Higgs*,Guralnik/Hagen/Kibble, 't Hooft Mechanism
TwoPolarizations
+
(1964)
Nambu/GoldstoneBoson
(Necessary consequenceof breaking)
(1961)
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
?
M Higgs Mechanism in 1964
ThreePolarizations!
=
The Anderson, Brout/Englert, Higgs*,Guralnik/Hagen/Kibble, 't Hooft Mechanism
TwoPolarizations
+
(1964)
Nambu/GoldstoneBoson
(Necessary consequenceof breaking)
(1961)
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
?
M Higgs Mechanism in 1964
(Optional?) consequence of breakingis extra particle: Higgs boson
8.05: Higgs boson is spin-0
*
ThreePolarizations!
=
The Anderson, Brout/Englert, Higgs*,Guralnik/Hagen/Kibble, 't Hooft Mechanism
TwoPolarizations
+
(1964)
Nambu/GoldstoneBoson
(Necessary consequenceof breaking)
(1961)
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
PhotonUnbroken, Massless,
Long Range
M Birth of the Standard ModelKiller App for Higgs Mechanism: Electroweak Theory
W/Z BosonsBroken, Massive,
Short Range!
(1967)
Weinberg/Salam/Glashow
= Standard Model+ +
Politzer/Gross/Wilczek
(1973)
Higgs
!
+
Higgs Boson
+
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
Higgs Boson?(Keystone or Appendix?)
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
% Colliding Weak Bosons
Eeff
P
1 TeV 14 TeV
100%
0%
W
W
W
W
Quantum Mechanics = Theory of Probability
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
100% chance something will happen8.05: take 8.06 to learn what 100% really means
% Colliding Weak Bosons
Eeff
P
1 TeV 14 TeV
100%
0%
W
W
W
W
Quantum Mechanics = Theory of Probability
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
100% chance something will happen8.05: take 8.06 to learn what 100% really means
% Colliding Weak Bosons
Eeff
P
1 TeV 14 TeV
100%
0%
Violation of QM??
W
W
W
W
Quantum Mechanics = Theory of Probability
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
Prof Klutes talk: Higgs hunting = Bump hunting
% Enter the Higgs Boson
Eeff
P
1 TeV 14 TeV
100%
0%
A Higgs-likeParticle!
W
W
W
W
Rescuing Quantum Mechanics
particlezoo.net
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
The Weak Interaction
A Bizarre Force...
Higgs MechanismBreaks Weak ForceGives Mass to
Fundamental Particles
Higgs BosonNew Spin-0 ParticleEnsures Consistency of
Quantum Mechanics
...with a Profound Prediction
3. (Parity-Violating)
1. Massive Carrier
2. Self-Interacting
0. Weak AlchemyM
%
Higgs
!
G
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Jesse Thaler The Higgs Boson
QuantumGra
vity
Pro
tons
Elect
rons
Cells
Molecules
TheUniverse
TheTeVS
cale
H
airsUs
SolarSystem
Planet
Ga
laxy
GrandUnifica
tion
1011m 10
4m 10
19m 10
34m10
26m
The Standard Model
New Particles Fundamental Principles
Neutrino Energy Conservation
W/Z Bosons Essential Similarity of All Forces
Higgs Boson Probability Conservation
+ Higgs!
QG
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QuantumGra
vity
Pro
tons
Elect
rons
Cells
Molecules
TheUniv
erse
TheTeVS
cale
H
airsUs
SolarSystem
Planet
Ga
laxy
GrandUnifica
tion
1011m 10
4m 10
19m 10
34m10
26m
The Standard Model
New Particles Fundamental Principles
Neutrino Energy Conservation
W/Z Bosons Essential Similarity of All Forces
Higgs Boson Probability Conservation
Dark Matter? ??
?? Supersymmetry?An exciting future for
fundamental physics!
+ Higgs!