2012 Vegetable Production Guide- Cucurbits

7/25/2019 2012 Vegetable Production Guide- Cucurbits

1/42

CUCURBITS (CUCUMBER, MELONS, PUMPKIN,

SQUASH, ZUCCHINI) Varieties

Cucumber

Slicing: Dasher II, Turbo, Marketmore 76, Daytona, Stonewall.

Pickling: Pioneer, Calypso, Jackson Supreme, Sassy.

Muskmelon

Athena, Aphrodite, Fastbreak.

Pumpkin

Halloween (Orange): Howden, Spirit, Howden Biggie, Magic Lantern, Sorceror, Magician, Gladiator.

White: Lumina, Cotton Candy, Spartan.

Red: Rouge Vif dEtampes (trial).

Miniature: Jack-Be-Little*, Sweetie Pie, Baby Boo (white), Wee-B-Little, LilPumpkemon (striped), Apprentice,

Mystic Plus.

*Not edible.

Hard Shell: Cannonball, Ironman, LilIronsides.

Squash

Summer: Zucchini

Medium green - Ambassador, Zucchini Elite.

Dark green - Raven, Noche, Blackjack.

Yellow - Goldrush, Golden Dawn III, Golden Delight.

Winter: Butternut, Buttercup, Hubbards (Blue, Golden and Green), Table Ace (Acorn), Taybelle (Acorn), Roy-

al Ace (Acorn), Spaghetti squash.

Miniature (Baby) Squash (harvested immature):

Sunny Delight, Peter Pan, Sunburst.

2012 Vegetable Production Guide: Cucurbits

Last Updated: March 31, 2015 1

C

b i t


2/42

Watermelon

Sugar Baby, Yellow Baby, Sweet Favourite.

See your seed dealer for the most recent variety recommendations.



C

b i t


3/42

Seed Treatment

Buy seed treated with Thiram or captan seed protectants.



C

b i t


4/42

Soil Temperatures

The minimum soil temperature required for germination of these crops is 16C with the optimum range

between 21 and 35C.



C

b i t


5/42

Planting

Slicing-cucumbers and zucchini are often started in plug trays in greenhouses 3 to 4 weeks before transplant-

ing outdoors. Approximately 2.25 kg of seed will provide enough transplants to plant 1 ha (0.9 kg/acre). Do not

transplant until all danger of frost has passed unless row covers are used.

For direct-seeding of cucumbers, 4.5 to 5.5 kg/ha (1.8 to 2.2 kg/acre) of seed are required if seeding is to be

done in the field without the use of a precision seeder.

Pickling cucumber varieties are usually direct-seeded, but transplants may be used where earliness is import-

ant. Seed at a depth of 1.5 to 2.5 cm depending on soil moisture, and use 2.25 to 2.75 kg/ha (0.9 to 1.1 kg/

acre) of seed.

Muskmelons and watermelons are usually started in greenhouses 5 weeks prior to the date for transplanting.

Pumpkins and squash are usually direct-seeded when all danger of frost has passed.

Growing cucurbits using plasticulture provides many benefits. See Plasticulture, Planting section of this guide.

FINAL SPACING Between

Rows

Within Row

Slicing cucumbers 1.2 to 1.8 m 30cm

Pickling

cucumbers

1.2 to 1.5 m 20cm

Muskmelons 1.5 to 1.8 m 90cm

Watermelons 1.8 to 2.4 m 120cm

Pumpkins 1.8 to 2.4 m 90cm

Squash 1.8 to 2.4 m 90cm



C

b i t
http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/151http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/151


6/42

Fertilizer

A soil test is necessary to determine lime, phosphate and potash requirements. See Nutrient Management

section of this guide for recommendations based on soil test results.

The optimum pH range is 5.87.0.

Prior to planting, broadcast and disc in 70 kg/ha (28 kg/acre) nitrogen and all of the required potash and phos-

phate. Alternatively, all of the phosphate and up to 100 kg/ha (40 kg/acre) in total of nitrogen plus potash may

be banded at planting with the balance broadcast before planting.

Just before vines begin to spread, side-dress with 40 kg/ ha (16 kg/acre) of nitrogen or if mulching and trickle

irrigation are used, nutrients should be delivered by fertigation. See Fertigation, Planting section of this

guide.



C

b i t
http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/68http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/151http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/151http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/68


7/42

Pollination

Vine crops bear both male and female flowers. Only the female flowers set fruit. Bees transfer pollen from

male flowers to female flowers, making fruit set possible. In small plantings there are often enough native

bees to ensure adequate pollination. In larger plantings, it is often necessary to introduce one honey bee

colony per hectare at bloom. See Bee Poisoning warning Pest Management section of this guide.



C

b i t
http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/70http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/70


8/42

Weed Control

A black plastic or wavelength selective mulch provides excellent weed control and other benefits. See Plastic

Mulches, Planting section of this guide.

Broadleaf weed control with herbicides is very difficult in vine crops. Growers should consider using the stale

seedbed technique in the Planting section of this guide to provide control of the first flush of weeds. The herbi-

cides listed in Table 1 are also registered, but have a very limited broadleaf weed spectrum. See also the fold-

out chart inside the back cover.

As these crops are usually planted in wide rows, herbicides can be applied in a narrow band over the row (e.g.

30 cm) to reduce chemical cost. Cultivation can be used to control weeds between the rows.



C

b i t


9/42

Insect Control

Aphids

Aphids are soft-bodied, sucking insects, yellowish-green to black in colour, clustered on growing tips of plants

or under leaves. Severe infestations cause premature death of plants, resulting in lack of sizing of pumpkinsand squash. Aphids excrete honeydew, causing growth of sooty mould. They can also transmit viruses.

Control

For chemical controls, see Table 2, Cucurbits Insect Control.

Cutworms

Fleshy caterpillars of various colours cut off plants at or below ground level in spring.

Control

If damage is expected, or at first sign of damage, treat soil surface with one of the products in Table 2, Cucur-

bits Insect Control.

Spidermites

Spidermites are tiny, 8-legged, spider-like animals. Their feeding causes leaves to become dry and bronzed

with yellow and brown spots and covered with a fine webbing. Mites increase in number rapidly during hot, dry

weather. There are several native predators, but these may not build up fast enough to keep mite levels in

check.

Control

See Table 2, Cucurbits Insect Control.

Springtails

Springtails are small, black, white, or gray, wingless insects. They have a forked appendage attached under

the rear end of the abdomen, which is held there by a clasp. When this appendage is released the insect

jumps like a flea. Normally, springtails remain in the soil, near the roots or plant crown, as they feed on organ-

ic matter. Their feeding on young cucumber plants causes brown spots on the leaves; sometimes the plants

are stunted.

Control

While springtails do not usually cause economic damage, Malathion 25W applied for aphid control may also

control springtails.



C

b i t
http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/207http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/207http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/207http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/207http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/207http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/207http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/207http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/207


10/42

Thrips

Small (1 mm), slender insects which feed on leaves causing speckling leaves. Good weed control prevents

heavy buildup of thrips. Chemical control is not generally required.



C

b i t


11/42

Disease Control

Alternaria Leaf Spot

This disease occurs after cool, wet spells and causes numerous small, round, dead spots on leaves. It is most

prevalent during hot, dry days combined with dewy nights. Leaves and stems may be killed but there is nospotting of fruit.

Control

Beginning when the disease is first observed and at 7 to 14 day intervals thereafter, apply one of the products

listed in Table 3, Cucurbits Disease Control. Bravo 500 sprayed for scab and powdery mildew may also con-

trol Alternaria leaf spot.

Angular Leaf Spot

(Pseudomonas)

This bacterial disease causes angular yellow spots on leaves and fruit which turn tan in colour. Droplets of

gummy ooze form on the lower surfaces of leaves under humid conditions.

Control

1. If possible, buy seed grown in a dry area where angular leaf-spot is not common.

2. Follow a three-year crop rotation.

3. If the disease appears after planting, spray with one of the products in Table 3, Cucurbits Disease

Control.

4. Incorporate the vines immediately after harvest.

5. Seed catalogues list varieties with tolerance to angular leaf-spot.

Cladosporium Scab

(Coast)

Gray, sunken, disfiguring spots on fruits exuding sticky droplets. Spots deepen and turn dark green or

blackish.

Control

1. Sanitation is the key to control. Destroy all crop refuse at the end of the season.

2. Rotate fields out of cucumbers for at least two years.



C

b i t
http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/208http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/208http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/208http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/208http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/208http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/208


12/42

3. Seed catalogues list varieties with tolerance to scab.

4. If sprays are necessary use one of the products in Table 3, Cucurbits Disease Control.

Fusarium Root Rot and Wilt

Vines gradually wilt and die. The fungus lives in soil and is carried on seed.

Control

1. Sterilize soil, flats and greenhouse benches (see Planting section of this guide).

2. Use seed treated with Thiram seed protectant.

3. Avoid overwatering.

4. Maintain or build up soil humus.

5. Do not grow cucurbits continuously in the same field.

Powdery Mildew

Leaves develop a white powdery growth. Under severe conditions plants are completely defoliated by mid-

August.

Control

1. Avoid fields which tend to have heavy dews and prolonged morning mists.

2. Select resistant varieties when possible. Earlisweet muskmelon has some tolerance.

3. Bravo is somewhat effective. Applications must commence prior to onset of the disease. Late

applications would have to be applied by aircraft due to runnering of the plants. The results may not justify

the expense of the spray program. Do not apply Bravo within 1 day of harvest.

Verticillium Wilt

The causal fungus is soil or seed-borne. First, lower leaves wilt and drop, then petioles turn yellow and wither

and, finally, the entire plant may wilt. It is usually worse on light, sandy soils in the Interior, and where root le-

sion nematodes are also present.

Control

1. Disinfect used seedling trays prior to use (see Planting section of this guide).

2. Grow seedlings in sterilized soil or soilless mix.



C

b i t
http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/208http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/151http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/151http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/151http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/download/151http://productionguide.agrifoodbc.ca/guides/17/section/141/chapter/208


13/42

3. Use seed treated with Thiram seed protectant.

4. Follow a four-year rotation plan, avoiding crops susceptible to Verticillium wilt (e.g. potatoes, tomatoes,

peppers and eggplants).

5. Choose a soil that is well-drained and not underlain by hardpan.

6. Do not plant out until soil temperature has reached 14C or, if possible, 16C.

7. Avoid over-watering and maintain a high humus content in the soil.

8. Select resistant varieties.

White Mould

(Sclerotinia)

Fruit becomes covered with white cottony mould, and later small black hard bodies (sclerotia) appear in the

rotting tissue. Stems can also be blighted; older vines are more often affected.

Control

1. Rotate crops and deep plow to bury sclerotia.

2. If only a few plants are infected, remove them from the field and destroy; do not dump cull fruit back on

the field.

Root Rot

RootShield WP (Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain KRL-AG2) is a biological fungicide for the suppression ofRoot Rot in greenhouse vegetable transplants. When applied to transplants, greenhouse planting mix or soil,

the product grows into plant roots as they develop to protect roots against Pythium, Rhizoctonia and

Fusarium.

Suppression

1. Suspend RootShield WP using a spray volume of 30 to 45 g/100 L and apply at the rate of 55 to 110 g

per cubic metre (loose) of greenhouse potting mix, soil or planting beds.

2. Apply using hand-held backpack or ground spray equipment.

3. Becomes active when soil temperatures are above 10 degrees C and is not effective while soils remaincold.

4. More effective at suppression of root rot in neutral or acidic soils.

5. Should be used within 12 months of the date of manufacture.

6. Contains the allergens wheat and sulfites.



C

b i t


14/42

7. Approved for use in organics.



C

b i t


15/42

Table 1 Cucurbit Weed Control

Table 1 Cucurbit Weed Control

Product Rate PHI* Comments

Pre-plant Incorporation

Prefar 4.8-E

(bensulide)

Group 8

12 to 14 L/ha

(4.9 to 5.7 L/acre)

Apply in 100 to 500 L/ha

(40 to 200 L/acre) of

water

N/A Registered on cucumbers.

Controls barnyard grass,

crabgrass, and foxtail.

Does not control emerged

weeds.

Do not make more than 1

application per year.

Rotate only to cucurbits,

peppers, cole crops, carrots,

lettuce, or tomatoes.

Use on mineral soils only.

Apply as broadcast spray to

well worked soil that is dry

enough to permit thorough

incorporation.

Incorporate to depth of 2.5 to 5

cm before planting.

cucumbers, canta-

loupes, honeydews,

Crenshaw melons:

35 to 70 g/ha (14.2

to 28.3 g/acre)

Sandea

(halosulfuron)

Group 2

watermelon, pumpkins &

winter squash:

35 to 52.5 g/ha (14.2to 21.2 g/acre)

30: cucumbers, pump-

kins & winter squash

57: watermelon, canta-

loupes, honey-

dews & Crenshaw

melons

Pre-Seeding or Pre-Transplant:

See Pre-emergence and Post-

emergence sections of this

table for additional uses.

Do not use pre-plant fordirect-

seeded pumpkins and winter

squash.

Water volume rates vary.

Check label.

Apply as a pre-plant (except for

pumpkins and winter squash) or



C

b i t


16/42

pre-tranplant application to bare

ground or under plastic mulch.

If using plastic mulch, apply

following final bed shaping and

just prior to installation of the

plastic mulch.

Seed or transplant crop into the

treated area no sooner than 7

days after application and the

installation of plastic mulch (if

using plastic mulch).

Use lower rate on lighter

textured soils with low organic

matter.

Forwatermelon, pumpkin and

winter squash, do not apply

more than 70 g/ha (28

g/acre) of product per season.

Forcucumbers, cantaloupes,

honeydews and Crenshaw

melons do not apply more than

140 g/ha (57 g/acre) of product

per season.

Sandea-treated soil in thetransplant hole may result in

crop injury. Care should be

taken to limit movement of soil

during transplanting.

Can be applied as a broadcast

or band application.

For band applications, use

proportionally less spray

mixture based on the area

actually sprayed so that a full

rate is not concentrated into the

band.

Controls labelled broadleaf

weeds including ladysthumb,



C

b i t


17/42

wild mustard and redroot

pigweed.

Suppresses nutsedge.

Will not control ALS-inhibitor

resistant weeds.

Applications should be made to

actively growing weeds at the

heights defined in the "USE

RATE GUIDE" section of the

label.

Observe plantback interval of

15 months for cabbage and

carrots, 18 months for broccoli

and cauliflower, 24 months for

spinach and 36 months for

beets. See label for other crops

listed.

Do not enter treated area for 12

hours.

Pre-emergence

Devrinol 50

DF

(napropamide)

Group 15

2.24 to 4.5 kg/ha

(0.9 to 1.8 kg/acre


(80 to 365 L/acre) water

N/A Registered on direct-seeded

pumpkins and squash.

Apply only once per season.

Use the lower rate on light soils.

Do not use on soils with more

than 10% organic matter.

Some rainfall or irrigation after

application is necessary for

adequate weed control.

There is a 12 month plant back

restriction for crops not on the

label.


hours.



C

b i t


18/42

Dual II

Magnum

(s-metalo-

chlor)

Group 15

1.15 1.75 L/ha

(460 mL- 780mL/acre)

65: pumpkins, squash

60: cantaloupes

Registered on direct-seeded

pumpkins and winter squash

and transplanted cantaloupe.

Use low rate only on pumpkins

and winter squash.

Water volume varies with crop.

Check label.

Maximum of 1 application per

year.

Do not use post-emerge on

pumpkins and winter squash

if pre-emerge application is

made (see below).

Controls nightshade and annualgrasses.

Suppresses redroot pigweed.

For cantaloupe, apply prior to

transplanting or within 48 hours

after transplanting.

Post-transplant applications

have significant potential to

cause crop injury. Minimize

cantaloupe contact with Dual IIMagnum.

Rain is required within 10 days

of application, or a shallow

cultivation.

Do not apply to soils with less

than 1% or more than 10%

organic matter.

May result in crop injury

including stand loss, delayed

maturity and loss of yield.

Do not enter treated areas for

12 hours.



C

b i t


19/42

Reflex

(fomesafen)

Group 14

1.0 L/ha

(0.40 mL/acre)

Apply in 200 L/ha (80

L/acre) of water

42 Registered on cucumbers

only.

Controls labelled broadleaf

weeds including redroot

pigweed, wild mustard, lady's-

thumb and Eastern black

nightshade.

Suppresses lamb's-quarters.

If target weeds have emerged,

apply with a non-ionic adjuvant

(Agral 90 orCitowett at 0.1%

v/v of spray solution).

Do not apply to any field more

often than once every two

years.

Make a banded application to

row middles just after seeding

but prior to crop emergence; or

just prior to transplanting.

Adjust the rate according to

band and row width.

Do not apply directly to plants.

Crop injury may result ifapplication is made too close to

the plants.

Some varieties are more

tolerant to Reflex than others.

Test a small area before

applying to the entire crop.

Reflex can remain active in the

soil for several months after

application and the residues

present a potential carry-overdamage to certain crops. See

label for details.

Do not re-enter treated area for

12 hours.



C

b i t


20/42

cucumbers, canta-

loupes, honeydews &

Crenshaw melons:

35 to 70 g/ha (14.2

to 28.3 g/acre)

Sandea

(halosulfuron)

Group 2

watermelon, pumpkins &

winter squash:

35 to 52.5 g/ha (14.2

to 21.2 g/acre)

30: summer squash for

processing, cucumbers,

pumpkins & winter

squash

57: watermelon, canta-loupes, honey-

dews & Crenshaw

melons


Check label.

See PPI and Post-Emergence

sections of this table for

additional uses.

If weeds are present, use with a

nonionic adjuvant or crop oil

concentrate.

Apply after seeding, but prior to

soil cracking.

Forwatermelon, where soil is

fumigated prior to planting,

allow at least 5 days after soil

fumigation before applying.

Incorporate with 0.5 to 1.25

cm irrigation to improve weed

control.

Forprocessing pumpkins and

processing winter squash,

use the cucumber rate.

Use lower rate on lighter

textured soils with low organic

matter.

Forpumpkins and winter

squash, apply 3 to 5 cm of

sprinkler irrigation to settle the

soil after planting and prior to

application.

Forsummer squash for

processing, use the rate of 47

to 70 g/ha (19 to 28.3 g/acre).


processing do not apply morethan 140 g/ha (57 g/acre) of

product per season.

See PPI section of this table

for total maximum product



C

b i t


21/42

allowed for application per

season on other crops listed.

Can be applied as a broadcast

or band application.

For band applications, useproportionally less spray

mixture based on the area

actually sprayed so that a full

rate is not concentrated into the

band.


for weeds controlled and

suppressed, plantback interval

precautions and re-entry

interval.





label.

May cause temporary stunting

in summer squash for

processing, pumpkins and

winter squash.

Post-emergence

Venture L

(fluazifop-P-

butyl)

Group 1

0.8 to 2.0 L/ha

(320 to 800 mL/acre)


(20 to 80L/acre) of water

at 200 to 300 kPa

30 Registered on cucumbers.

Use the lowest rate for barnyard

grass at the 2 to 5 leaf stage.

Use 1.4 L/ha (0.565 L/acre) for

green and yellow foxtail at the 2

to 4 leaf stage.

Use 2.0 L/ha (0.8 L/acre) for

quackgrass at the 3 to 5 leaf

stage.

Apply once per season.



C

b i t


22/42

Warning: Women capable of

bearing children should avoid

exposure to Venture.

Assure II

(quizalofop-P-

ethyl)

Group 1

380 mL to 750 mL/ha

(150 to 300 mL/acre)

Apply in 100 L/ha (40

L/acre) of water.

30

Registered on cantaloupe.Apply with Merge at 5 to 10

litres per 1000 litres of spray

solution, orSure-Mix at 0.5%

(0.5 L per 100 L of spray

solution).

Apply at the 2 to 6 crop leaf

stage.

Apply at the 2 to 5 leaf stage of

annual grasses and up to the 3

leaf stage of quackgrass.


year.

Rainfall within 1 hour of

application may reduce

effectiveness.

After applying a broadleaf

herbicide not listed on the label

as a tankmix, wait at least 7

days before making an

application ofAssure.


days.

cucumbers, canta-

loupes, honeydews,

Crenshaw melons &

watermelon:

35 to 70 g/ha (14.2to 28.3 g/acre)

Sandea

(halosulfuron)

Group 2

pumpkins & winter

squash: 35 to 52.5 g/ha

(14.2 to 21.2 g/acre)

30: summer squash for

processing, cucumbers,

pumpkins & winter

squash

57: watermelon, canta-

loupes, honeydews &

Crenshaw melons


Check label.

See PPI and Pre-emergence

sections of this table

for additional uses.

A sequential application may be

necessary for some annual and

perennial weeds.



C

b i t


23/42

For all crops listed except

summer squash for

processing, do not apply more

than two times per season.

Repeat using a 21 day interval.


for total maximum product

allowed for application per

season.

Forpumpkins and winter

squash, apply 3 to 5 cm of

sprinkler irrigation to settle the

soil after planting and prior to

application.

Wait to overhead sprinkler

irrigate for 2 to 3 days after

application.

If a timely soil cultivation is

necessary to improve control,

wait 7 to 10 days after

treatment.

Post transplant:

Do not use this post-transplant

method forwatermelon.

Apply to transplants that are

estabished and actively growing

and in the 3- to 5-leaf stage or

no sooner than 14 days after

transplanting, but before first

flowers appear.

Apply as an over-the-top

application, a directed spray or

with crop shields to minimizecontact of the herbicide with the

crop.

If plastic mulch is used,

additional phytotoxicity may



C

b i t


24/42

occur when applications are

made over plastic due to

concentration of product in the

transplant hole.

(Direct Seeded and Transplant)Row Middle/Furrow Applications:


processing, pumpkins and

winter squash, use the

cucumber rate.

Row middle/furrow

application method may be

used for cucurbit crops

listed, including watermelon.

May be applied between rows

of crop.

Avoid contact of the herbicide

with the planted crop.

If plastic is used on the planted

row, adjust equipment to keep

the application off the plastic.

Reduce rate and spray volume

in proportion to area actually

sprayed.

Other comments:

Controls broadleaf weeds

including ladysthumb, wild

mustard, yellow nutsedge

and redroot pigweed.

Suppresses horsetail,

shepherd's purse and

smartweed.Will not control ALS-inhibitor

resistant weeds.





C

b i t


25/42



label.

Treat actively growing nutsedge

plants at the 3 to 5 leaf stage.

Heavy infestations may require

sequential applications.

See comments in PPI section

of this table for plantback

interval details and re-entry.

Poast Ultra plus Merge at the follow-

ing rates:

Poast

Ultra

Merge

Annual

grasses (incl

volunteer

cereals)

320 mL/ha

(130 mL/

ac)

0.5 - 1.0

L/ha

(0.2-0.4

L/acre)

Annual

grasses &

quackgrass

suppression

470 mL/ha

(190 mL/

ac)

0.5 - 1.0

L/ha

(0.2-0.4

L/acre)

Quackgrass 1.1L/ha

(445 mL/

ac)

1.02.0

L/ha

(0.4-0.8

L/acre)

30 Do not use on melons.

Annual bluegrass is not

controlled.

Apply when annual weeds are

in the 1 to 6 leaf stage and

when quackgrass is in the 1 to

3 leaf stage.

Apply in 50 to 200 L/ha (20 to

80 L/acre) of water.

Pressure varies with different

water volumes see label for

detail.

Group 1 herbicide.


hours.

There is a 30 day plant back

restriction on crops not found

on the label.

Dual II

Magnum

(s-metalo-

chlor)

Group 15

1.15 L/ha

(460 mL/acre)


(60 to 80 L/acre) of

water

65: pumpkins, squash

32: cucumbers

Registered on direct-seeded

cucumber , pumpkins andwinter squash.

Do not use post-emerge on

pumpkins and winter squash if



C

b i t


26/42

pre-emerge application is made

(see above).

Use early post-emergence (1 to

2 leaf crop, prior to weed

emergence).

Water volume varies with crop.

Check label.


year.

Controls nightshade and annual

grasses.

Suppresses redroot pigweed.

Rain is required within 10 days

of application, or a shallow

cultivation.

Do not apply to soils with less

than 1% or more than 10%

organic matter.

May result in crop injury

including stand loss, delayed

maturity and loss of yield.

Do not enter treated areas for

12 hours.

*PHI = Pre-harvest interval

BUFFERS Refer to product label for buffer requirements. See also Pesticide Regulations and Safety sec-

tion of this guide.

PESTICIDE GROUP DETAILS see Pesticide Toxicity Table of this guide.



C

b i t


27/42

Table 2 Cucurbit Insect Control

Table 2 Cucurbit Insect Control


Aphids

Thionex EC

(endosulfan)

1.5 L/ha

(0.6 L/acre)

9 Thorough coverage of undersides of leaves is essential

for aphid control.

Also controls cucumber beetle.

Group 2A insecticide.

Maximum 3 applications per season.

Do not enter treated area for 4 days (cucumbers and

melon) or 7 days (pumpkin and squash)

Malathion 25W

(malathion)

Group 1B

4.25 kg/ha

(1.7 kg/acre)

3 For best results apply when the temperature is 20C or

higher.

Toxic to fish.

Do not apply where runoff is likely to occur.

Movento 240SC

(spirotetramat)

Group 23

220 to 365 mL/

ha

(90 to 150 mL/

acre)

Apply in 300

L/ha

(120 L/acre) of

water

1 Repeat at 7 day intervals.

Maximum allowed per crop season: 730 mL/ha (295mL/acre).

Use with one of the following adjuvants: non-ionic (eg.

Agral 90 or Ag-Surf) or methylated seed oil (eg.

Hasten).

Do not enter treated area for 12 hours.

Toxic to bees. Do not apply during crop flowering

period or when flowering weeds are present.

Beleaf

(flonicamid)

Group 9C

120 to 160

g/ha

(50 to 60

g/acre)

Apply in 94

0 Repeat at 7day intervals as needed.

Do not apply more than 3 times per year.

Do not apply more than 480 g/ha (200 g/acre) of

product per season.



C

b i t


28/42

L/ha (38L/

acre) of

water.

Exirel

(cyantraniliprole)

Group 28

500 to

1500 mL/ha

(200 to 605 mL/

acre)

Apply in 100

L/ha (40 L/acre)

of water

Also controls cutworm. See section of this table.

Do not make more than 4 applications per growingseason.

Repeat at 5 day intervals.

Use with an adjuvant such as Hasten NT at a rate of

0.25% v/v orMSO Concentrate with Leci-Tech at a

rate of 0.5% v/v.

Do not apply more than 4.5 L/ha (1.8 L/acre) per

season.

Toxic to bees and certain beneficial insects. Apply early

in the morning or late in the evening when bees are not

active.

Note: Do not tank-mix or apply in sequence with

strobilurin-, copper- or captan-containing fungicides.

Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for legume

vegetables, cereals, grass, crop group 1A (inlcuding

beets, carrots, radish, parsnip, turnip) and crop group 2

(inlcuding beet greens and turnip greens).

Observe a plantback interval of 1 year for crops not on

this label.


Cutworms

Lorsban 4E

(chloropyrifos)

Pyrinex 480EC

(chloropyrifos)

Group 1B

1.2 to 2.4

L/ha

(0.5 to 1.0

L/acre)

Apply in 200

to 400 L/ha

(80 to 160

L/acre) of

water

60 Apply at the seedling (2 to 5 leaf) stage, when damage

first appears.

Best results are obtained when application is made

during the afternoon or early evening.

Registered for use on cucumbers only.

Apply only once per season.




C

b i t


29/42

Sevin XLR

(carbaryl)

Group 1A

2.5 L/ha

(1.0 L/acre)

5 Registered for climbing cutworms and cucmber beetle.

Use sufficient water to wet the soil around the base of

each plant.

Repeat application at 7 to 10 day spray interval.

Sprays should be applied on a warm evening.

Do not apply when foliage is wet or when rain or

excessive humidity is expected during the next 2 days.

Coragen

(chlorantraniliprole)

Group 28

250 mL/ ha

(100 mL/ ac)

Apply in

100L/ha

(40L/acre) ofwater

1 Apply to smaller plants or when lower portions of the

plant can receive adequate coverage.

Repeat at 5 day intervals as needed.

Do not make more than 4 applications per season.

Do not apply more than 1.125 L/ha (455 mL/ac) of per

season.


Exirel

(cyantraniliprole)

Group 28

500 to 750 mL/

ha

(200 to 305 mL/

acre)

Apply in 100L/ha (40 L/acre)

of water

1 Also controls aphids. See section of this table.

Do not make more than 4 applications per growing

season.


Do not apply more than 4.5 L/ha (1.8 L/acre) per

season.

For early season control, apply to foliage when rain is

not expected in the next 24 hours.

Ensure adequate coverage to lower portions of plant.

Toxic to bees and certain beneficial insects. Apply early

in the morning or late in the evening when bees are not

active.

See aphid section comments for tank-mix precautions

and plantback intervals.


Mites



C

b i t


30/42

Oberon

(spiromesifen)

Group 23

500 to 600

mL/ha

(200 to 240

mL/acre)

7 Apply in 100 L/ha (40L/acre) of water.

Repeat at 7 day intervals as needed.



Acramite 50WS

(bifenazate)

Group 25

851 g/ha

(rate is equi-

valent to 15

pouches per

4 ha)

3 Controls two spotted spider mite.

Do not apply more than once per year.


Purespray Green

Spray Oil 13E

(mineral oil)

Approved for use in

organics

10 L of

product in

1000 L of wa-

ter (1%solution)

Suppression only.

Use up to 1000 L/ha (400 L/acre) spray volume to

ensure thorough coverage.

Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals.

Do not make more than 8 summer spray applications

per growing season.

For first use on a new variety, test spray a small field

area to check for plant tolerance prior to adoption as a

general field practice.

A period of 14 days must elapse before chlorothalonil

(Bravo) is applied before or after an application of

Purespray Green Spray Oil 13E.

Do not apply during periods of drought, when plants

exhibit moisture stress.


Cucumber Beetle

Surround WP

(kaolin)

12.5 to 25 kg/

ha

(5 to 10 kg/

acre)

Apply in 500

L/ha (200

L/acre) of

water

0 Suppression only.


Apply at 5 to 7 day intervals with first 2 application 3

days apart starting prior to infestation of adult beetles.

During wet weather reapply as soon as foliage is dry to

re-establish coverage.



C

b i t


31/42

May alter harvest parameters and may delay maturity.

Matador 120 EC

(Lambda-cyhalothrin)

Group 3

187 to 233 mL/

ha

(76 to 94 mL/

acre)

Apply in 100 to

200 L/ha (40 to

80 L/acre) of

water


Do not make more than 3 applications per growing

season.


Clutch 50 WDG

(clothianidin)

Clothianidin

(clothianidin)

140 g/ha

(57 g/acre)

7 Suppression only.

Repeat at 7 day interval.

Do not apply more than twice per season.

Toxic to bees. Do not apply to flowering crops if beesare foraging.

Do not use in areas treated with clothianidin during the

previous season.

Observe a one year plantback interval for leafy, root

and tuber vegetables (except potato).

Do not enter treated areas for 12 hours.

Group 4A insecticides.

*PHI = Pre-harvest interval. = Very Toxic


tion of this guide.




C

b i t


32/42

Table 3 Cucurbit Disease Control

Table 3 Cucurbit Disease Control


Alternaria Leaf Spot

Cabrio EG

(pyraclostrobin)

Group 11

560 to 840 g/ha

(220 to 340

g/acre)

Apply in at

least 350 L/ha

(142 L/acre) of

water.

3 Do not apply more than 4 times per season.

After each application, alternate with a fungicide with a

different mode of action.


Do not enter treated area for hand-harvesting for 3 days

and for all other activities, do not enter for 12 hours.

Do not use treated crop for feed.

Dithane DG

Rainshield NT

(mancozeb)

1.1 to 3.25 kg/

ha

(0.445 to 1.3

kg/acre)

Dithane F-45

(mancozeb)

1.8 to 5.5 L/ha

(0.73 to 2.2

L/acre)

14 Repeat at weekly intervals.

Start applications when runners begin to form or at first

sign of disease.

Direct spray for thorough coverage of upper and lower

leaf surfaces.

Group M fungicides.

Lance WDG

(boscalid)

Group 7

Cantus WDG

(boscalid)

Group 7

460 g/ha

(186 g/acre)

0 Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals.


Also controls gummy stem blight.


For crops not on the label, observe a plant back interval

of 14 days.

Manzate DF

(mancozeb)

Group M

2.253.25 kg/

ha

(0.9 to 1.3 kg/

acre)



Apply in 200 to 1000 L/ha (80 to 405 L/acre) of water.



C

b i t


33/42

Apply when conditions favour disease development

Penncozeb 75DF

(mancozeb)

Penncozeb 75DF

Raincoat

(mancozeb)

1.1 to 3.25 kg/

ha

(0.44 to 1.3 kg/

acre)

14 Start applications when runners begin to form or at first

sign of disease.

Repeat at weekly intervals.


Group M fungicides.

Angular Leaf Spot

Copper 53W

(tri-basic copper

sulphate)

Group M

2.5 to 3.0 kg/ha

(1.0 to 1.2 kg/

acre)

1 Apply in 1000 L/ha (405 L/acre) of water.


Cucumbers:Apply at 7 day interval

Other cucurbits:Apply at a 5 day interval.

Copper Oxy-

chloride 50

(copper oxychlor-

ide)

Group M

Cucumber: 4.0

kg/ha

(1.6 kg/acre)

Other cucur-

bits: 3.0 kg/ha

(1.2 kg /acre)

1 Apply in 1000 L/ha (405 L/acre) of water.



Parasol F

(copper hydrox-

ide)

Group M1

2.3 to 3.12 L/ha

(0.9 to 1.25

L/acre)

1 Start applications when plants begin to vine.



Cladosporium Scab

Bravo 500

(chlorothalonil)

Group M

4.8 L/ha

(1.9 L/acre)

1 Begin application when plants are in first true leaf stage.

Repeat at 7 day intervalsDo not enter treated area for 48 hours.



C

b i t


34/42

Echo 90DF

(chlorothalonil)

2.7 kg/ha

(1.1 kg/acre)

Echo 720

(chlorothalonil)

3.3 L/ha

(1.3 L/acre)


Maximum of 8 applications per season.


Do not apply within 10 days before or after an oil

application.

Apply in 50 to 1600 L/ha (20 to 650 L/acre) of water

Group M fungicides.

Dithane DG

Rainshield NT

(mancozeb)

1.1 to 3.25 kg/

ha

(0.44 to 1.3 kg/

acre)

14 Repeat at weekly intervals.

Start applications when runners begin to form or at first

sign of disease.

Direct spray for thorough coverage of upper and lower

leaf surfaces.

Group M fungicides.

Manzate DF

(mancozeb)

Group M

2.25 to 3.25 kg/

ha

(0.9 to 1.3 kg/

acre)




Penncozeb 75DF

(mancozeb)

Penncozeb 75DF

Raincoat

(mancozeb)

1.1 to 3.25 kg/

ha(0.44 to 1.3 kg/

acre)

14 Start applications when runners begin to form.



Group M fungicides.

Maestro 80DF

(captan)

Supra Captan

80WDG

(captan)

2.25 to 4.25 kg/

ha

(0.9 to 1.7 kg/

acre)

2 Registered on cucumbers only.



Group M fungicide.

Powdery Mildew



C

b i t


35/42

Bravo 500

(chlorothalonil)

4.8 L/ha

(1.9 L/acre)


Group M fungicide.

Echo 90DF

(chlorothalonil)

2.7 kg/ha

(1.1 kg/acre)

Echo 720

(chlorothalonil)

3.3 L/ha

(1.3 L/acre)


Maximum of 8 applications per season.


Do not apply within 10 days before or after an oil

application.


Group M fungicide.

Cabrio EG

(pyraclostrobin)

Group 11

560 to 840 g/ha

(220 to 340g/acre)

Apply in at

least 350 L/ha

(140 L/acre) of

water.


Do not apply more than 4 times per season.

Do not enter treated area for hand-harvesting for 3 days

and for all other activities, do not enter for 12 hours.

Do not use treated crop for feed.

Quintec

(Quinoxyfen)

Group 13

300 to 440 mL/

ha

(120 to 180

mL/acre)

3 REGISTERED ON MELON, PUMPKINS AND WINTER

SQUASH.

Apply at 10 to 14 day intervals.


Observe plant back interval of 1 year for cereals, all other

crops not on label maybe be planted 30 days after last

application.

Toxic to bees; do not apply to flowering crop.


MilStop(potassium bicar-

bonate)

Approved for

use in organics

2.8 to 5.6 kg/ha

(1.13 to 2.27

kg/acre)

Apply in 1000

L/ha (400

0Suppression only.

Start application at first sign of disease.





C

b i t


36/42

L/acre) of

water.Do not enter treated area for 4 hours

Actinovate

(Streptomyces

lydicus)

420 g/ha

(170 g/acre)

0 Suppression only.



0Serenade Max

(Bacillus subtilis)

3.0 to 6.0 kg/ha

(1.2 to 2.4 kg/

acre)

Suppression only.

Begin applications soon after emergence or transplant.

Repeat applications using 7 to 10 day intervals

Approved for use in organics.

Inspire

(difenoconazole)

Group 3

512 mL/ha

(207 mL/acre)

0 Also suppresses gummy stem blight.

Apply at 7 to 10 day intervals.

Maximum 2.04 L/ha (825 mL/acre) per crop per season.

Water volume varies for diseases. See label for details.

May be tankmixed with Revus orBravo 500

for labeled diseases. Follow most restrictive directions

including rate, PHI, maximum applications and re-entry

interval.

Quadris Top

(azoxystrobin/

difenoconazole)

Group 11 & 3

710 to 1000 mL/

ha

(287 to 405 mL/

acre)

Apply in at least

150 L/ha (60

L/acre) of water.

1 Also suppresses gummy stem blight.

Forgummy stem blight, apply in at least 190 L/ha (80

L/acre) of water.

Repeat at 7 to 14 day intervals


Do not re-enter treated areas for 12 hours.

Observe a plant back interval of 60 days for crops not

listed on this label or the Inspire label.

Fontelis

(penthiopyrad)

Group 7

1.25 L/ha

(500 L/acre)

Apply in 110


Do not apply more than 4.9 L/ha (2.0 L/acre) per season.



C

b i t


37/42

L/ha (45

L/acre) of waterDo not re-enter for 12 hours.

Tivano

(Citric acid & lact-

ic acid)

Fermentation

products ofLacto-

bacillus casei

strain LPT-111

8% dilution in

water solution

0 Suppression only.

USE ONLY ON SQUASH AND PUMPKINS.



Shake well before using.

Do not re-enter until spray has dried.

Regalia Maxx

(extract ofReyn-

outria sachalinensis)

0.125 to 0.25%

v/v

in 500 to 1000

L/ha (200 to400 L/acre) of

water

0 Suppression only.


Approved for use in organics.

Treoris

(penthiopyrad/

chlorothalonil)

Group 7M

1.5 to 2.5 L/ha

(600 to 1000

mL/acre)

Apply in 110

L/ha (45

L/acre) of water


Do not apply more than 9.8 L/ha (4.0 L/acre) per season.

Do not re-enter treated area for 12 hours.

Nova 40W

(myclobutanil)

Group 3

175 g/ha (70

g/acre)

Apply in 250

L/ha (100

L/acre) of water

3 Repeat at a 10 to 14 day interval.


Do not re-enter treated areas for 12 areas.

Proline 480 SC

(prothioconazole)

Group 3

210 to 420 mL/

ha (85 to 170

mL/acre)

Apply in 100

L/ha (40

L/acre) of wa-

ter at 275 kPa

7 Also controls gummy stem blight.

Apply with a non-ionic surfactant, AgSurforAgral 90 at

0.125% v/v.

Do not exceed 1.26 L/ha ( 510 mL/acre) per crop year.

Gummy stem blight:

Use the high rate.

Apply once as a soil drench.



C

b i t


38/42

Follow soil drench with foliar applications at 5 to 10 day

intervals

Powdery mildew:

Apply as a foliar spray.


Influence WP

(garlic powder)

6.9 to 8.0 kg/ha

(2.8 to 3.2 kg/

acre)

Apply in 700

L/ha (280

L/acre) of

water.

0 Suppression only.

Registered on cucumbers, pumpkins, winter and

summer squash.

Repeat at 7 to14 day intervals.


Individuals who are sensitive or allegic to garlic shouldavoid handling this product.

Do not re-enter treated area until spray is dried.

Vivando SC

(metrafenone)

Group U8

0.750 to 1.12

L/ha (300 to

450 mL/acre)

Apply in 500

L/ha (200

L/acre) ofwater.

0 Use with a non-ionic surfactant according to the adjuvant

label.

Repeat at 7 to14 day intervals.


Do not apply more than 3.36 L/ha per season.Avoid using Vivando SC if it has been used on the area

during the previous season.


Purespray

Green Spray Oil

13E

(mineral oil)

Approved for use

in organics

10 L of product

in 1000 L of

water (1%

solution)

Suppression only.

Use up to 1000 L/ha (400 L/acre) spray volume to ensure

thorough coverage.


Do not make more than 8 summer spray applications per

growing season.



C

b i t


39/42

For first use on a new variety, test spray a small field

area to check for plant tolerance prior to adoption as a


A period of 14 days must elapse before chlorothalonil

(Bravo) is applied before or after an application of

Purespray Green Spray Oil 13E.

Do not apply during periods of drought, when plants

exhibit moisture stress.


Downy Mildew

Bravo 500

(chlorothalonil)

4.8 L/ha

(1.9 L/acre)



Group M fungicide.

Penncozeb 75DF

(mancozeb)

Penncozeb 75DF

Raincoat

(mancozeb)

1.1 to 3.25 kg/

ha

(0.44 to 1.3 kg/

acre)

14 Start applications when runners begin to form or at first

sign of disease.



Group M fungicides.

Cyazofamid

400SC (formerly

Ranman 400SC

(cyazofamid)

Torrent 400 SC

(cyazofamid)

150 to 200 mL/

ha

(60 to 80 mL/

acre)

Apply in 200 to

600 L/ha (80 to

240 L/acre) of

water.



Tank mix with Sylgard 309 surfactant at 150 mL/ha (60

mL/acre).

Observe a 30 day plant back interval.


Group 21 fungicides.

Reason 500SC

(fenamidone)

Group 11

400 mL/ha

(160 mL/acre)



Do not enter treated area until residues have dried.



C

b i t


40/42

Apply in 300 to 600 L/ha(120 to 240 L/acre) of water.

Revus

(mandipropamid)

Group 40

400 to 600 mL/

ha

(160 to 240

mL/acre )

Apply in at

least 100 L/ha

(40 L/acre) of

water

0 Suppression only.

Use a non-ionic adjuvant (0.125% v/v).



May be tank-mixed with Bravo 500. Check Bravo Label

for PHI and re-entry intervals.

Do not apply to greenhouse-grown seedlings to be

transplanted in the field, until after they have been

transplanted out.


Acrobat 50 WP

(dimethomorph)

Group 40

450 g/ha

(182 /acre)

Apply in at

least 200 L/ha

(80 L/acre) of

water.

2 Apply as a tank mix with another fungicide in this table

that is active against downy mildew. Observe most

restrictive directions including rate, PHI and re-entry

interval.

Repeat at 5 to 10 day spray intervals.

Maximum of 5 applications per season

Observe a plant back restriction of 120 days for a new

crop in the treated area.

Do not re-enter to perform hand-harvesting, hand

pruning, thinning, leaf-pulling or turning activities for 2

days.

1.0 to 3.0 kg/ha

(0.40 to 1.2 kg/

acre)

Serenade Max

(Bacillus subtilis)

0 Suppression only.

Begin applications soon after emergence or transplant.

Repeat applications on 7 to 10 day intervals.

Approved for use in organics

Presidio

(fluopicolide)

Group 43

220 to 292 mL/

ha

(89 to 118 mL/

acre)

2 Tank-mix with a product that has a different mode of

action listed in this table for downy mildew, such as

Bravo 500. Follow most restrictive directions including

rate, PHI and re-entry interval.



C

b i t


41/42

Apply in 200 to

1000 L/ha (81

to 405 L/acre)

of water


Maximum of 880 mL/ha (356 mL/acre) per season

Do not enter treated for 12 hours

Zampro

(ametoctradin &

dimethomorph)

Group 40 & 45

0.8 to 1.0 L/ha

(300 to 400

mL /acre)

Apply in at

least 200 L/ha

(80 L/acre) of

water.



Use a spreading/penetrating adjuvant.

Do not re-enter for hand harvesting, pruning or

thinning for 1 day. For all other activities, do not re-enter

for 12 hours.

Do not use in greenhouses.

Observe a plantback interval of 30 days for all crops not

on the label.

Phostrol

(mono- and dibasic

sodium, potassium,

and ammonium

phosphites)

Group 33

2.9 to 5.8 L/ha

(1.2 to 2.3 L/acre)

Apply in 225 L/ha

(90 L/acre) of

water.

0 Supression only.




Confine

Extra

(mono- and di-po-

tassium salts of

phosphorous acid)

Group 33

3 to 5 L/ha

(1.2 to 2.0 L /

acre)

Apply in 100 L/ha

(40 L/acre) of

water.

1

Suppression only.Do not make more than 6 applications per growing

season.


First use should be limited to a small area of each

variety, to confirm tolerance prior to adoption as a


Tankmixing with pesticide products containing a metal

base and/or micronutrients may not be compatible and

could potentially cause plant injury. See label for details.

Root Rot



C

b i t


42/42

Cyazofamid

400SC (formerly

Ranman 400SC)

(cyazofamid)

Torrent 400 SC

(cyazofamid)

30 mL/100L

water

60 REGISTERED ON GREENHOUSE CUCUMBER

TRANSPLANTS.

Controls Pythium damping-off and Root Rot

(Pythium spp.)

Apply once in the greenhouse as a soil drench tothoroughly wet the growing medium immediately after

seeding.

Do not use a surfactant.


Group 21 fungicides.

Serenade Soil

(QST 713 strain of

dried Bacillus

subtilis)

Approved for use

in organics.

2.7 to 14 L/ha

(1.1 to 5.7

L/acre)

0 Suppresses Fusarium Root Rot.

Transplant drench:

Apply as a drench at the time of transplanting.

Apply at a rate to thoroughly soak the growing media

through the root zone or asa drench or directed spray

using sufficient water to soak the root zone.

Post-plant applications:

Additional applications may be made to the soil as a

drench or spray directed towards the base of the plant.

Irrigate to move material into the seed,

root or transplant zone within 24 hours.

*PHI = Pre-harvest interval.


tion of this guide.



b i t

2012 Vegetable Production Guide- Cucurbits

Documents

Transcript of 2012 Vegetable Production Guide- Cucurbits