2012 International Conference on Marine Environmental ... · SESSION 2 MARINE PROTECTED AREA...
Transcript of 2012 International Conference on Marine Environmental ... · SESSION 2 MARINE PROTECTED AREA...
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2012 International Conference on
Marine Environmental Governance: Revisit
and Prospect of the “Post Rio+20”
2012 年海洋環境治理國際學術研討會
September 26-28, 2012
National Kaohsiung Marine University
Kaohsiung, Taiwan
and
Cardiff University
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Contents
Welcome Speech ................................................................ 3
CONFERENCE ORGANISATION ............................................ 6
AGENDA ......................................................................... 10
CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENTS ...................................... 14
KEYNOTE SPEECH
Challenges of Ocean Affairs Governance in Taiwan
KEYNOTE SPEECH
SESSION 1 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ON COASTAL Zone
MANAGEMENT
Coastal And Ocean Governance In The Seas Of East Asia: PEMSEA’s Experience ... 15
Governance Reform In Small-Scale Fisheries: A Development Challenge .......... 17
Climate Change And ICZM: Lessons From North West Europe ..................... 18
Adaptation Capacity Of Coastal To Strenthen Southwest Area Of Taiwan Due To
Climate Change .......................................................... 19
Integrated Management Of Shuang-Chun Coastal Recreational Area .............. 20
Conflict Resolutions In The Implementation Of Marine Resource Policies ......... 22
SESSION 2 MARINE PROTECTED AREA MANAGEMENT
UNDER RIO REGIME:ITS DEVELOPMENT &
PROSPECT
Marine Environmental Governance With Respect To Marine Protected Area
Management
Fisheries Co-Management In Shiretoko World Heritage Site ....................... 23
Institutional Arrangement For Marine Protected Area Management In Taiwan ..... 25
Zoning Strategies For Marine Protected Areas In Taiwan: Case Study Of Gueishan
Island In Yilan ........................................................... 27
Social Dimensions In The Success Of Marine Protect Area – A Case In A Taiwan
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Fishing Community ...................................................... 29
SESSION 2-1 TECHNOLOGY IN NEAR SHORE AND WETLAND
MANAGEMENT-TAIWAN AND THAILAND'S
EXPERIENCE
Reductive Dechlorination Of Hexachlorobenzene And Polychlorinated Biphenyls
By Using Indigenous Microbes From Canal Sediments .................... 31
Influencing Of Used Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid From Schizochytrium
Iimacinum In White Shrimp .............................................. 33
Simulation Of Solar Energy To Treat Dye Contaminated Wastewater, And Its
Implication Of Marine And Natural Cleaning Mechanism ................. 34
SESSION 3 OCEAN GOVERNANCE UNDER RIO REGIME:
NATIONAL EXPERIENCES & LESSONS
Implementing Ecosystem-Based Marine Spatial Planning: Analyses Of Two North
American Case-Studies .................................................. 36
The Impact Of Institutional Arrangement On Ocean Governance: International
Trends And The Case Of Korea ........................................... 37
Strengthening The Moral Foundation Of And Commitment To Integrated Marine
Environmental Governance .............................................. 38
The Taiwanese Institutional Arrangements For Ocean And Coastal Management
Twenty Years After The Rio Declaration .................................. 40
The Current Development Of The Ocean Governance Mechanism In China........ 42
SESSION 4 MARITIME ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT :ITS
DEVLOPMENT & PROSPECT
Slow Steaming Of Liner Trade: Its Economic And Environmental Impacts .......... 44
Green Shipping Practices And Firm Performance ................................. 45
The Effects Of Slow Steaming On The Environmental Performance In Liner
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Shipping ................................................................. 46
Green Shipping Management Capability And Firm Performance In The Container
Shipping Industry ........................................................ 48
Factors Influencing Container Carriers’ Use Of Coastal Shipping ................... 49
CURRICULUM VITAE OF SPEAKERS AND COORDINATORS .... 50
2012 海洋環境治理國際研討會 計畫目標與效益評估 .................... 84
MAP .............................................................................. 101
附錄 .............................................................................. 102
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序
自古以來,海洋豐富的資源,不但滋養了人類的文明,
也牽動了國家的發展。近期,亞洲臨太平洋地區的相關國家,
因為南海、東海諸列島的主權而引發國際爭議,更加可見「掌
握海洋,形同掌握世界經濟鎖鑰」的重要性。
1992 年聯合國於巴西里約熱內盧舉行環境與發展會議,
會中發表了著名的「里約宣言」,規範各國在追求發展同時,
必須兼顧環境保護。因此,如何維護海洋資源以達成海洋環
境的永續發展,可以說是國際間長期且共同關注的海洋議
題。現今,「海洋環境治理」不但是海洋事務的重要課題,
更是廣受全球重視的熱門趨勢。
本校是臺灣唯一以「海洋」為特色的科技大學,自 1946
年創校以來,雖然歷經各種學制的變革,但是一路走來,對
於提升海洋產業發展的信念始終如一,迄今已為國家培育數
以萬計的海事專業人才。今年,正逢「里約宣言」20 週年,
本校很榮幸能與英國卡地夫大學共同主辦為期三天的「 2012
年海洋環境治理國際學術研討會」,會中除了邀請學者專家
進行專題演講之外,並且安排「氣候變遷與海岸管理」、「海
洋保護區管理」、「海洋治理」、「海事環境管理」等四項
主題,發表精彩的論文與討論交流。相信藉由本研討會的舉
辦,對於海洋環境治理的改善、海洋事務發展的方針,必定
能夠彙集諸多寶貴意見,不但能夠促進國際間的學術交流,
也可以提供政府作為施政的重要參考。
在此,本人謹代表國立高雄海洋科技大學,竭誠歡迎來
自於各地的學者、專家,以及在場所有與會的嘉賓們,感謝
你們在百忙之中,專程抽空來到本校參加這場國際海洋議題
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的重要研討會。同時,也要感謝教育部、外交部、國科會、
海巡署、漁業署、環保署、高雄市政府、中華海運研究會、
高雄港務公司,以及大陸的山東大學等單位,對於本研討會
的關心與支持。因為有各位的共襄盛舉,大會必定能夠順利
圓滿成功。
國立高雄海洋科技大學
校長 周照仁 敬上
101 年 9 月 27 日
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Welcome Speech
On behalf of the Faculty of National Kaohsiung Marine University
(NKMU), I would like to first express my deepest welcome and
appreciation to all scholars, officials, and professionals, who come to
Kaohsiung to participate in the 2012 International Conference on
Marine Environmental Governance: Revisit and Prospect of the “Post
Rio+20," hosted by the NKMU and Cardiff University, England.
This conference is routinely held every year, in which internationally
prestigious scholars and professionals can demonstrate important
outcomes of the research on climate change, marine protected area
management, ocean governance, and maritime environmental
management, and further share these outcomes with one another.
More importantly, this conference provides a platform for scholars and
professionals to exchange their inspiring ideas and opinions so that they
can struggle together to reach the goal set by Post Rio+20.
Because of ongoing global warming, how to properly govern marine
environments has recently become a heated issue in the world. In order
to protect marine living resources from being destructed by people, our
government has started addressing issues of how climate change
impacts on Taiwanese coastal zones. It is believed that our government
will keep trying its best to maintain the marine environments as well as
possible in the future.
Finally, I believe that this conference will be a big success and thus
make a lot of contributions to related issues of the marine
environmental governance. Again, I very much want to give my sincere
thanks and greetings to all moderators and presenters for you taking
part in this international conference.
Chau-Jen Chow
President
National Kaohsiung Marine University
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CONFERENCE ORGANISATION
Organizer and Chairperson of the ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference
Professor Chau-Jen Chow
President, National Kaohsiung Marine University
Co-Organisers
Professor Hance D. Smith
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University
Professor Jung-Fu Huang
Dean of College of Hydrosphere Science, National Kaohsiung
Marine University
Organisers of the Conference
National Kaohsiung Marine University (Taiwan)
Cardiff University (UK)
Co-organisers of the Conference
Chinese Maritime Research Institute (Taiwan)
Coast Guard Administration (Taiwan)
Environmental Protection Administration, R.O.C.(Taiwan)
Ministry of Education (Taiwan)
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China (TAIWAN)
Fisheries Agency (Taiwan)
Economic Development Bureau, Kaohsiung City (Taiwan)
Marine Bureau, Kaohsiung City (Taiwan)
http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/earth/
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National Science Council
Port of Kaohsiung, Taiwan International Ports Corporation, Ltd.
(Taiwan)
Shandong University (China)
CENPRO Technology Co.,Ltd(中環科技事業股份有限公司)
AECOM(艾奕康工程顧問有限公司)
勤智興業有限公司
開群實業有限公司
普天環保科技顧問有限公司
Secretariat of ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference
Dr Te-Cheng Yu
Conference Secretary-General, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung
Conference
Dean of College of Management, NKMU, Taiwan
Dr Rhoda Ballinger
Conference Secretary-General, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung
Conference
Senior Lecture of School of Earth and Ocean Science, Cardiff
University,UK
Dr Christ Wooldridge
Conference Secretary-General, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung
Conference
Senior Lecture of School of Earth and Ocean Science, Cardiff
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University,UK
Dr Chin-Cheng Wu
Deputy-Secretary, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference
Head of Department of Fisheries Production and Management,
NKMU, Taiwan
Dr KUN-LONG LIN
Deputy-Secretary, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference
Associate professor of Department of Fisheries Production and
Management, NKMU, Taiwan
Dr Ching-Chiao Yang
Deputy-Secretary, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference
Associate Professor of Department of Shipping and
Transportation Management, NKMU, Taiwan
Dr Meng-Tsung Lee
Deputy-Secretary, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference
Associate Professor of Department of Marine Leisure
Management, NKMU, Taiwan
Dr Jui-Chung Kao
Deputy-Secretary, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference
Associate Professor of Department of Logistics Management,
NKMU, Taiwan
Dr Rhoda Ballinger
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Conference Secretary-General, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung
Conference
Postdoctor of School of Earth and Ocean Science, Cardiff
University,UK
Dr Azmath Jaleel
Conference Secretary-General, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung
Conference
Postdoctor of School of Earth and Ocean Science, Cardiff
University,UK
Miss Ya-Wen Chung
Deputy-Secretary, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference
Assistant of of College of Hydrosphere Science, NKMU, Taiwan
Miss Shu-Chuan Tsai
Deputy-Secretary, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference
Assistant of College of Management, NKMU, Taiwan, NKMU,
Taiwan
Miss Yi-Ling Chen
Deputy-Secretary, ICMEG 2012 Kaohsiung Conference Assistant
of Department of Fisheries Production and Management,
NKMU, Taiwan
http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=M.phSt/search?q=aue=%22Chen%20Yi-Ling%22.&searchmode=basic
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AGENDA
Day 1 (September 26th 2012)
日期:2012 年 9 月 26 日(星期三) 地點:台灣西海岸
時間 Time
主 題 Theme
09:00-11:00 海報競賽 Poster Contest
11:00-11:30 與校長晤談 (Meeting with the Principal of NKMU)
11:30-13:30 中餐 Lunch (御禾屋)
14:00-17:00 參訪高雄港、旗津 Visit to Kaohsiung port & Qijin
18:00~ 晚餐 Dinner (六合夜市 Night market)
Day 2 (September 27th 2012)
日期:2012 年 9 月 27 日(星期四) 地點: 國立高雄海洋科技大學多功能會議室
時間 Time
主 題 Theme
08:30-09:00 報到 Registration
09:00-09:30 貴賓介紹 Guests Introduction
貴賓致詞 Welcome address
09:30-10:00 團體照相 Group photo
中場休息 Refreshment
10:00-11:00 專題演講:我國海洋事務治理之挑戰
演講者:王崇儀 副署長
Keynote Speech: Challenges of Ocean Affairs Governance in Taiwan
Speaker: Chung-Yi Wang (Deputy Minister, Coast Guard Administration)
場次一:氣候變遷與海岸管理 Session 1 Climate Change Impact on Coastal Zone Management: Rio Regime and its Influence and
Coastal Management
主持人
Chairman
Dr. Jeanette Reis; 黃榮富博士(高雄海洋科技大學水圈學院院長) Dr. Jeanette Reis; Dr. Jung-Fu Huang (Dean of College of Hydrosphere Science,
NKMU, Taiwan)
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11:00-11:30 主講人 Invited
Speaker
Governance reform in small-scale fisheries: a development challenge
Dr. Stephen Hall (Director General, Worldfish Center)
11:30-12:00 主講人 Invited
Speaker
Climate change and ICZM: Lessons from North West Europe
Dr. Jeanette Reis (Cardiff Uni)
12:00-13:20 午餐 Lunch
13:20-13:50 主講人 Invited
Speaker
The impact of climate change on southwest coast of Taiwan
Dr. Tai-Wen Hsu (Professor, NCKU; NTOU, Taiwan)
13:50-14:10 主講人
Speaker Integrated Management of Shuang-Chun Coastal Recreational Area Dr. Chao-Chia Cheng (Ph.D. Student, NCKU, Taiwan)
14:10-14:30 主講人
Speaker Conflict Resolutions in the Implementation of Marine Resource Policies
Dr. Kuei-Chao Chang (Doctor, NCKU, Taiwan)
14:30-15:00 中場休息 Refreshment
場次二:海洋保護區管理
Session 2: Marine Protected Area Management Under Rio Regime: Its Development & Prospect
主持人
Chairman
Dr. David Fluharty (Professor, UW, USA); 李國添博士 (海洋大學名譽教授) Dr. David Fluharty (Professor, UW, USA); Dr. Kuo-Tien Lee (Emeritus Professor,
NTOU, Taiwan)
15:00-15:30 主講人 Invited
Speaker
Marine Environmental Governance with respect to Marine Protected Area
Management
Dr. David Fluharty (Professor, UW, USA)
Associate Editor of the Journal of Coastal Management
15:30-16:00 主講人 Invited
Speaker
Fisheries co-management in Shiretoko World Heritage
Dr. Hiroyuki Matsuda (Professor, Yokohama National University, Japan)
16:00-16:30 主講人 Invited
Speaker
Institutional arrangement for marine protected area management in Taiwan
Dr. Li-Shu Chen (Assistant Research Fellow, NMMST, Taiwan)
16:30-16:50 主講人
Speaker Zoning Strategies for Marine Protected Areas in Taiwan: Case Study of
Gueishan Island in Yilan Dr. Shiau-Yun Lu (Assistant Professor, NSYSU, Taiwan)
16:50-17:10 主講人
Speaker Social dimensions in the Success of Marine Protect Area – a Case in a Taiwan Fishing community
Dr. Dr. Hong-Zen Wang (Professor, NSYSU, Taiwan)
17:10~ 晚餐 Dinner (高雄蓮潭國際會館,Kaohsiung Garden Villa)
Day 2 (September 27th 2012)
日期:2012 年 9 月 27 日(星期四) 地點:國立高雄海洋科技大學小劇場
Session: 2-1 : Technology in Near Shore and Wetland Management - Taiwan and Thailand's Experience
地點:國立高雄海洋科技大學 小劇場
主持人
Chairman Dr. Wen-Ling Hong (National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan)
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14:50-15:20 主講人
Speaker Reductive Dechlorination of Hexachlorobenzene and Polychlorinated
Biphenyls by using Indigenous Microbes from Canal Sediments
Dr. Wichidtra Sudjarid (Sakon NakhonRajabhat University, Sakhon Nakhon,
Thailand)
15:20-15:50 主講人
Speaker Influencing of used highly unsaturated fatty acid from Schizochytrium
limacinum in White Shrimp
Dr. Songsub Arungamol
Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakhon Nakhon, Thailand
15:50-16:20 主講人
Speaker
Simulation of Solar Energy to Treat Dye Contaminated Wastewater, and Its
Implication of Marine and Natural Cleaning Mechanism
Chitsan Lin, Wen-Ling Hong
National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
16:20-17:00 General Discussion
17:10~ 晚餐 Dinner (高雄蓮潭國際會館,Kaohsiung Garden Villa)
Day 3 (September 28th 2012)
日期:2012 年 9 月 28 日(星期五) 地點: 國立高雄海洋科技大學多功能會議室
時 間
主 題
09:00-09:50
專題演講
Keynote Speech:What have we learned from over two decades of coastal and ocean governance in the Seas of East Asia?
Speaker: Professor Thia-Eng Chua (Chairman of PEMSEA)
09:50-10:00 茶敘 Tea time
場次三:海洋治理 Session 3: Ocean Governance under Rio Regime: National Experiences & Lessons
主持人
Chairman
Dr. Lawrence Hildebrand (Professor, Dalhousie Uni, Canada); 莊慶達博士(海洋
大學海洋事務與資源管理研究所所長)
Dr. Lawrence Hildebrand (Professor, Dalhousie Uni, Canada); Dr. Ching-Ta
Chuang ( Professor, NTOU,
Taiwan)
10:00-10:30
主講人 Invited
Speaker
Implementing ecosystem-based marine spatial planning: analyses of two
North American case-studies
Dr. Wesley Flannery (Doctor, NUIG, Ireland)
10:30-11:00
主講人 Invited
Speaker
The impact of institutional arrangement on ocean governance: International
trends and the case of Korea
Dr. Sung Gwi Kim (Senior Research Fellow, Korea Maritime Institute, Korea)
11:00-11:30
主講人 Invited
Speaker
Strengthening the Moral Foundation of and Commitment to Integrated
Marine Environmental Governance
Dr. Lawrence Hildebrand (Professor, Dalhousie Uni, Canada)
11:30-11:50
主講人 Speaker
The Taiwanese Institutional Arrangements for Ocean and Coastal
Management Twenty Years after the Rio Declaration
Dr. Wen-Hong Liu (Associate Professor, NKMU, Taiwan)
11:50-12:10 主講人
Speaker The Current Development of the Ocean Governance Mechanism in China
Dr. Yen-Chiang Chang (Professor, Shandong Uni, China)
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12:10-13:30 午餐 Lunch
場次四:海事環境管理 Session 4: Maritime Environment Management: Its Development & Prospect
主持人
Chairman Dr. Chris Wooldridge; 呂錦山博士(成功大學交通管理科學系教授) Dr. Chris Wooldridge; Prof. Chin-Shan Lu (National Cheng Kung Uni, Taiwan)
13:30-14:00
主講人 Invited
Speaker
Environmental Performance: Developing the Culture - Delivering Results
Dr. Chris Wooldridge (Senior Research Fellow, Cardiff Uni, UK)
14:00-14:30
主講人 Invited
Speaker
Slow steaming of liner trade: its economic and environmental impacts
Dr. Kevin Xingang Li (Professor, Chung-Ang University, Korea, Editor-in-Chief of Maritime Policy and Management)
14:30-14:50 主講人
Speaker
Green Shipping practices and firm performance
Dr. Venus Y. H. Lun (Assistant Professor, Hong Kong Polytechnic Uni,
Editor-in-Chief of International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics)
14:50-15:10 主講人
Speaker
The effects of slow steaming on the environmental performance in liner
shipping
Mr. Jong-Kyun Woo (PhD. Candidate, World Maritime University,Sweden)
15:10-15:30 主講人
Speaker
Green shipping management capability and firm performance in the
container shipping industry
Dr. Ted T.C. Lirn (Assistant Professor, National Taiwan Ocean Uni, Taiwan)
15:30-15:50 主講人
Speaker Factors influencing container carriers’ use of coastal shipping
Dr. Ching-Chiao Yang (Assistant Professor, National Kaohsiung Marine Uni)
15:50-16:10 中場休息 Refreshment
16:10-16:20 頒獎 Awards Presentation
綜合討論及結論 Roundtable Discussion: Prospect of “Post Rio +20”
16:20-17:20 主持人
Chairman
Dr. Thia-Eng Chua (Chairman, PEMSEA)
Dr. David Fluharty (Professor, UW, USA)
Dr. Lawrence Hildebrand (Professor, Dalhousie Uni, Canada)
Dr. Chris Wooldrige (Senior Research Fellow, Cardiff Uni, UK)
Dr. Chin-Shan Lu (Professor, NCKU, Taiwan)
Dr. Te-Cheng Yu (Dean of College of Management, NKMU, Taiwan)
17:20~ 晚餐 Dinner (大八飯店,Daba Restaurant)
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CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
1. During the Conference, please turn off the mobile phone or switch
to silent mode.
2. Time allocation
Keynote talks:25 minutes presentation+5 minutes discussion
( total 30 minutes).
Regular talks:17 minutes presentation+3 minutes discussion
( total 20 minutes).
3. During the Presentation, remaining time will be notified with bell
signals as follows:
1st ring: reminding 2 min, presentation left.
2nd ring: end of presentation; discussion time starts.
3rd ring: end of discussion.
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Coastal And Ocean Governance In The Seas Of East Asia:
PEMSEA’s Experience
Chua Thia-Eng
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia
(PEMSEA) [email protected]
Abstract
A key lesson learned is that the complexity of managing coasts, seas
and ocean in a sustainable manner requires a comprehensive, integrative
and coordinated approach in terms of policy, legislation, institutional
arrangement, financial investment, management measures, stakeholders
support and participation. The Integrated Coastal Management system
(ICMS) has proven to be effective especially at the local level in forging
integration and coordination of policy and management actions, catalyzing
financial investment, training local capacity, creating an informed public,
enabling local implementation of international conventions/instruments,
incorporating adaptive management and precautionary principles in
decision-making as well as providing a strong coastal governance framework
and processes for strengthening ICM practices and expansion of ICM
benefits. The non-binding “Sustainable Development Strategy for the Seas of
East Asia” (SDS-SEA), on the other hand has forged stronger regional
cooperation and partnership in undertaking regional implementation of the
Plans of Action of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD). A
permanent regional mechanism has been established to continue the
regional efforts over a much longer timeframe, as regional ocean governance
mailto:[email protected]
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not only requires time and resources but also the much needed regional
leadership and visions. Equally important is the efforts in building up a critical
mass of coastal and ocean managers with management-oriented knowledge,
experience, interpersonal skills and diplomacy. In this context, the region has
pledged its readiness to implement the outcome document of the Rio+20
“The Future We Want” through the implementation of national SDS-SEA
plans and scaling up of ICM practices which are relevant to ensuring a
sustainable blue economy.
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Governance Reform In Small-Scale Fisheries: A Development
Challenge
Stephen J. Hall
Director General, the WorldFish Center
Abstract
This paper examines two strands of discourse on wild capture fisheries;
one thatfocuses on resource sustainability and environmental impacts and
another related to food security and human well-being. Review of the
available data and research shows that, for countries most dependent on fish
for food security, wild capture fisheries remain the dominant source of supply.
Although, contrary to popular narratives, the sustainability of these fisheries is
not always and everywhere in crisis, securing their sustainability is essential.
Considerable effort is still needed across a broad spectrum of fishery
systems to meet the challenges these fisheries face. An impediment to
achieving this is that the current research and policy discourses on
environmental sustainability of fisheries and food security remain only loosely
and superficially linked. Adopting a sustainability-science paradigm for
improving fishery governance is needed, and doing so will help inform
synergies and trade-offs between food security, resource conservation and
macro-economic development goals. The way societychooses to govern
fisheries is, however, an ethical choice, not just a technical one, and the
addition of an ethical dimension to sustainability science as applied to
fisheries is desirable.
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Climate Change And ICZM: Lessons From North West Europe
Dr Rhoda Ballinger and Dr Jeanette Reis
Marine and Coastal Environment Research Group, Cardiff University
Abstract
Coastal zones are likely to be directly affected by some of the most
severe impacts of climate change over the next century, including those
associated with potential relative sea level increase and changing weather
patterns and oceanographic circulation. In North West Europe, the
exacerbation of many existing coastal hazards, including coastal erosion and
flooding, is likely to occur, affecting millions of people, particularly those
residing in lowlying areas surrounding the Southern North Sea. In this
region, there has been a long tradition of constructing physical defences
against the sea, going back to Roman Times (more or less two thousand
years ago) and some countries, such as the Netherlands, have arguably
developed and implemented some of the most advanced flood control
measures in the world. However, across the region, new and broader
approaches to coastal risk management are being contemplated, not only in
response to increased coastal risks, but also in response to escalating costs
of maintaining existing, ageing physical defences. This paper will explore
the new approaches and ideas for coastal risk management emerging from
the region and will discuss the extent to which systems-based and integrated
planning and management approaches, including Integrated Coastal Zone
Management, will be required to address the cross-cutting challenges
associated with climate change adaptation. Finally, the paper will explore the
possibilities of transferring some of the ideas and practices to coasts
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elsewhere, particularly those in East Asia.
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Adaptation Capacity Of Coastal To Strenthen Southwest Area
Of Taiwan Due To Climate Change
Tai-Wen Hsu1, Yuan-Jyh Lan 1 , Yue-Chen Lin 2 and Ching-Jer Huang 3
1Distinguished Professor
Dean, Office of Research and Development
Director, Research Center for Ocean Energy and Strategies
National Taiwan Ocean University
Abstract
To strengthen southwestern Taiwan against natural calamities the
adaptive capacity of coastal disasters caused by climate change in the future
is investigated in this paper. In Taiwan, the coastal zone suffers from
approximately four typhoons each year, and the exceptionally high sea levels
caused by storm surges frequently results in coastal flooding and hinders the
development of the coastal area. The problems of sea levels rise and
frequent typhoons induced by climate change have threatened coastal
environments. These influences as well as serious land subsidence upon a
scenario year were carried out in the coastal areas. The present study
focuses on the construction of the disaster characteristics on Chiayi and
Tainan Coasts, model establishment for situation analysis of water
environmental factors, impact estimation and indefinite analysis on disasters,
and vulnerability and risk estimation of coastal disasters. An understanding of
the marine and meteorological characteristics in coastal zones is conducive
to raising the efficiency of the defense against coastal disasters. These
results could provide useful information to establish strategies to implement
as well as how to analyze the benefits of such a program.
Keywords: climate change, coastal disaster, adaptation capacity, vulnerability,
risk analysis
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Integrated Management of Shuang-Chun Coastal
Recreational Area
Chao-Chia Cheng1, Wei-Ting Tseng2 and Jaw-Fang Lee3
1 Ph.D. student, Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs, National
Cheng Kung University
2 Administrative Assistant, Institute of Philosophy, National Sun Yat-Sen
University
3 Professor, Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs, National
Cheng Kung University
Abstract
Shuang-Chun recreational area is located at the northern boundary of
Tainan city along the western coast of Taiwan. Maintenance and
development of this area are confronted by difficulties including management
of recreational areas, planning of ecosystems and protection of coastal areas.
In this study, concepts of integrated management are applied to investigate
planning and development of Shuang-Chun coastal recreational area which
integrate tourism, recreation, resource conservation as well as coastal
protections. In view of multiple functioning of Shuang-Chun recreational area,
conflicts among various utilization aspects should be resolved and parallel
developments of tourism, ecological environment and coastal protection be
maintained. The present study suggests that (1) responsible authorities
should be effectively communicated and public and private sectors work
together to eliminate authority diversity, (2) the recreational area should be
planned to keep multiple functions including recreation, resource
conservation and maintaining ecological environment, (3) the planning of
coastal protection should also take care of botanical planting and scenic
views in addition to prevention of coastal erosion problems, (4) ecological
sensitive and low environment carrying areas are suggested to allow only
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activities with little environment impacts. Sustainable developments of a
recreational area with multiple functions like Shuang-Chun recreation area
are difficult tasks. The present study is intended to provide as a typical
example for development of other coastal areas.
Keywords: integrated management, coastal recreational area, Shuang-Chun
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Conflict Resolutions In The Implementation of Marine
Resource Policies
Kuei-Chao Chang1*, Ching-Ta Chuang2, Hwung-Hweng Hwung3 1 Ph. D.Candidate, Institute of Ocean Technology and Marine Affairs, National
Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
2 Professor, Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, National
Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan
3 Professor, Department of Hydraulics and Ocean Engineering, National
Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
Abstract
The sustainability of fishery resource is the goal of global marine
resource. States and international organizations must comply with the
UNCLOS when making regional or national marine resource policy. However,
it is ignored whether the internal fishery policy complies with the principle of
international law and can be implemented on the national level. The game
theory is an effective tool to analyze the problems of conflict behavior
regarding the natural resources. General speaking, it is a goal to gain
maximum profits or to choose optimal strategies when stakeholders have to
face the limited resources competition. Therefore, this study applies
cooperative games to analyze the different level of payoff between
stakeholders and policies, and how those policies have been implemented in
Taiwan. This study further used the coalition approach to compare the
influence of different fishery policies with stakeholders, in order to understand
different level of success in promoting policies in the different types of
cooperation.
Keywords: marine protected areas; marine policy; game theory; marine
resource management.
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Fisheries Co-Management In Shiretoko World Heritage
Hiroyuki Matsuda
Faculty of Environment & Information Sciences, Yokohama National
University
Abstract
World heritage is often regulated by top-down control. Fisheries
management in Japan is done by both top-down regulation and bottom-up
approach. In Shiretoko World Heritage site, coastal fisheries are regulated by
fisheries cooperative associations: seasonal fishing ban, allocation of fishing
grounds, and even reduction of the number of fishing boats for walleye
pollock fishery in 1994. Before Shiretoko was nominated as world heritage,
officials from the Japan Ministry of Environment and the Hokkaido Prefectural
Government promised to local fishers that the future management plan of
Shiretoko Heritage will not include fisheries regulation. The IUCN
(International Union for Conservation of Nature), the reviewer of world natural
heritage, requested the expansion of the marine registered area and an
expedited marine management plan during the review process of Shiretoko
Heritage. To satisfy both the promise to fishers and the request by IUCN, the
scientific council (SC) for the Shiretoko Heritage advised fishers to increase
the conservation level by themselves because the local fishers made a
seasonal fishing-ban area for walleye pollock in 1995. During the review
process, fishers actually expand the fishing ban area and IUCN
recommended approving the nomination of Shiretoko Heritage. In 2008, the
Report of the reactive monitoring by IUCN for Shiretoko World Heritage
applauded the bottom up approach to management through the involvement
of local communities and local stake-holders as “an excellent model for the
management of natural World Heritage sites elsewhere”. In 2010, the
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International Association for the Study of the Commons selected this episode
as one of the 6 Impact Stories in the world. I encourage cooperation between
municipality, citizens and scientists in local community. An important mission
of scientists is to show a feasible solution to stakeholders and to evaluate the
activities in local community as a universal scientific knowledge.
Keywords: Shiretoko world heritage, Adaptive fishing-ban area, Autonomous
MPA, Man and the Biosphere Program, Fish-breeding forest
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Institutional Arrangement For Marine Protected Area
Management In Taiwan
Li-Shu Chen1, Chao-Yu Chen2, Wen-Hong Liu2, Chi-Ming Wang2
1 National Museum of Marine Science & Technology-Provisional Office
2 National Kaohsiung Marine University
Abstract
To ensure marine protected area (MPA) can function properly, its policy
development is highly depended on the effective institutional arrangement.
There are three components included political institution, regulation and
society in the institutional arrangement. A summary of the regulations of MPA
management is provided in the text. Institutional arrangements in Japan,
Korea and mainland China are also described. Finally, The study
concentrates on evaluating the current institutional arrangement for MPA
management in Taiwan. Purposive sampling questionnaire survey is used in
the study. There are 49 questions divided into three categories which are
political institution, regulation and society in the questionnaire. People of four
marine affair related parties, which are industry, government, scholar and
NGOs, are chosen to answer those questions. The number of effective
questionnaires used is 126 in the study.
Overall most of the people do not satisfy the institutional arrangement
in marine and coastal zone in Taiwan (disagreed 31.75% and highly
disagreed 14.28%). The top five questions people agreed are list accordingly:
“The marine committee can coordinate MPA plan and management from
different government departments.” (Mean 3.209 ,SE 1,028), “The NGOs and
public actively support the management of MPA by government” (Mean
3.23 ,SE 0.997) , “The parties of scientific, industrial, media and NGOs pay
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much attention to the management of MPA” (Mean 3.333 ,SE 0.930), “Part of
the funding for MPA management should come from the combination of its
natural resource advantage and ecotourism plan.” (Mean 3.452, SE 1.184),
and “The consequence of different regulation under different authority lead to
each one do things as its own way.” (Mean 3.825 ,SE 0.913). They indicate
all the parties value the importance of MPA. However, the confliction of vary
authorities and the role of marine committee to coordinate them are two
major concerns.
On the contrary, the five ones people disagreed are also list accordingly:
“The funding of local government is enough to manage MPA efficiently.”
(Mean 2.056, SE 1.038), “The funding of government is enough to manage
MPA efficiently. “(Mean 2.016, SE 1.027), “The government has supply
enough manpower and equipment to monitor MPA.“ (Mean 2.222, SE 1.08),
“The enterprise will respect the ecology and environmental protection in MPA
when they progress exploitation in coastal zone. “(Mean 2.222, SE 1.179),
“Fisherman will well treat the ecology and environment in MPA when they
carry marine and coastal activities.“ (Mean 2.492, SE 1.276) They disclose
that people regard both the funding in MPA management and attitude of user
in marine and coastal zone need to be improved.
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Zoning Strategies For Marine Protected Areas In Taiwan:
Case Study Of Gueishan Island In Yilan County, Taiwan
Shiau-Yun Lu 1*, Wen-Yen Chiau 2, Cheng-Han Shen 1
1 Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen
University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
2 Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management, National Taiwan
Ocean University, No. 2 Pei-Ning Road, Keelung City 20224, Taiwan
Abstract
Because of human population growth and the advance of science and
technology, natural resources have decreased dramatically, and
development pressure increased. According to the Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment by the United Nations, global biodiversity has declined
dramatically. The UN appealed to the world and asked each country to take
action to mitigate its environmental impacts. Marine environmental protection
is one of the most critical and urgent issues in the world, and many countries
have begun to establish marine protected areas (MPAs) to implement the
concept of ecosystem-based management (EBM). Planning MPAs is viewed
as one of the simplest and most effective ways to protect marine environment
today. Taiwan has focused on its marine environment recently by increasing
the marine protected area to 12% of its ocean territory to achieve the vision of
a sustainable ocean. To reach the goal, the government faces difficulties of
MPA locations and zoning strategies. This paper aims to establish principles
and a zoning framework for MPAs in Taiwan using Gueishan Island in Yilan
County as a case study site to examine zoning strategies. Three protected
objectives, hydrothermal vents, cetacean, and fisheries resources, are
identified in this paper. Multi-criteria spatial analysis is used to identify the
most significant area to protect with a geographic information system. To
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understand the stakeholders’ opinions and concerns, in-depth interviews with
experts and stakeholders are also included in this paper based on the
proposed zoning framework. MPAs zoning strategies are formed at the end of
this study to protect critical marine resources and avoid conflicts among
various usages in the marine area.
Keywords: Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), Ecosystem-Based Management
(EBM), Geographic Information System, Spatial Analysis,
Sustainable Development
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Social dimensions In The Success of Marine Protect Area – A
Case In A Taiwan Fishing Community
Ya-Ching Yang1, Shui-Kai Chang1* and Hong-Zen Wang2
1 Institute of Marine Affairs, National Sun Yat-sen University
2 Department of Sociology, National Sun Yat-sen University
Abstract
The Houbihu Demonstration Area (HbDA) in southern Taiwan, a no-take
marine protected area (MPA) although not under the name of MPA, was
established in 2004. The establishment was promoted by the joint force of
local tourism industry and the Kenting National Park Headquarters and
beneath the protection of marine resources, the HbDA is functioned mainly
for tourism purposes. The impacts from and to local fishers who live on the
marine resources however have not been considered at that time which has
played an important role in the success of the HbDA.
This research explores the impacts of social change on local community,
which is transformed from a homogeneous to a differentiated society. The
establishment of KNP and the rise of tourism after 1990s attracted urban
tourist engagers to develop business in the community. They utilized
established institutions to collaborate with government and nation-wide
environment groups to set up the HbDA. But the interests of local fisherman
were excluded from the process, which caused the long-term conflicts
between fisherman and pro-conservation group. Pro-conservation group
works with police to guard the HbDA, and puts heavy fines on law breakers,
who were mostly local fishermen. However, local clientelist political
structures and deeply rooted kinship and lineage system become the
weapons of local fisherman to counteract the regulations imposed on them
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without their consents. The outcome of such a dynamic interaction process
between different stakeholders is that the regulations now are only applied to
outsiders, while local fisherman can utilize the marine resources, secretly,
only for self-consumption or social gift-exchange.
Keywords: Houbihu Demonstration Area, marine protect area, clientelist
political structure
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Reductive Dechlorination Of Hexacholorobenzene and
Polychlorinated Biphenyls By Using Indigenous Microbes
From Canal Sediments
Wichidtra Sudjarid1*, Jin Anotai2 and I-Ming Chen3
1 Civil Technology and Architecture Program, Faculty of Industry Technology,
Sakhon Nakhon Rajabhat University, Sakhon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
2 Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King
Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
3 Department of Environmental Resources Management, Chia-Nan University
of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
(*corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected])
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the dechlorination of Polychlorinated
Biphenyls (PCBs) and Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) by using indigenous
microbes. Sediment and water samples were collected from Hua Lam Poo
Canal, SamuthPrakarn Province, Thailand. Sediment slurry was prepared
by mixing of sediment to water ratio 1:1 and 1:2 without any external
supplements. The experiments were individually tested, HCB was prepared
in ratio 1:1 and 1:2 but PCBs used only ratio 1:1. The results showed that
HCB could be effectively dechlorinated neither sediment to water ratio 1:1 or
1:2. The dechlorination of HCB could be initiated after 12 days and the
dechlorination completed within 60 days, it suggested that the pre-anoxic
condition did not have any significant effected on the initiating of
dechlorination period. In contrast, only 234-CBp could be dechlorinated,
234-CBp was begun dechlorination after 14 days and dechlorination
completed within 84 days. Unfortunately, all single PCB congeners which
have been tested could not be dechlorinated within 126 days of incubation
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time. It implies that the potential of steric effect of bulky substitutions on
the opposite ring was substantial significant in the dechlorination of PCBs.
The results suggested that the indigenous microbes in Thailand canal could
initiate the dechlorination of HCB and simple single PCB congeners.It
revealed to the possibility of natural attenuation and bioremediation of HCB
and simple PCB congeners contaminated in these sites.
Keywords: HCB / PCBs / POPs/ Dechlorination / Sediment Slurry
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Influencing Of Used Highly Unsaturated Fatty Acid From
Schizochytrium Limacinum In White Shrimp
Songsub Arungamol1* and Nontawith Areechon2
1 Agriculture Technology Program, Faculty of Agriculture Technology,
SakhonNakhon Rajabhat University, Sakhon Nakhon 47000, Thailand
2 Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University
Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Abstract
This study was conducted by mixing the spray-dried form of
Schizochytrium limacinum as a source of highly unsaturated fatty acid
three levels at 5, 10, and 15 g/kg in shrimp commercial pellet feed.
Litopenaeus vannamei were fed with experimental feed for 30 days and
non-specific immunity from shrimp blood were monitored and compared at
every 10 days. Shrimp that were fed with S. limacinum at 15 g/kg did show
significantly higher values of total haemocyte count and phenoloxidase
activity than the control (P
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35
Simulation of Solar Energy To Treat Dye Contaminated
Wastewater, And Its Implication of Marine And Natural
Cleaning Mechanism
Chitsan Lin1, Wen-Ling Hong2
1 Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung
Marine University
2 Department of Ship Architecture and Marine Engineering, National
Kaohsiung Marine University
利用太陽能處理染料廢水及其可能之海洋淨化機制
林啟燦 1、洪文玲 2
1國立高雄海洋科技大學 海洋環境工程系
2國立高雄海洋科技大學 造船及海洋工程系
摘要
本研究調查利用二氧化鈦(TiO2)為光催化劑,配合可見光太陽能為光源以
處理染料廢水之可行性。結果發現光分解速率和染料之化學結構式很有關連,
在 15 種試驗過之有機染料中 Triphenylmethane Dyes 較容易處理,而
Anthraquinone Dyes 較難,化合物具有親水性離子基者光分解速率較快,預估
是和其對二氧化鈦表面有較強親和力有關;有機染料光分解速率可以用
Pseudo-First-Order 反應動力式來模擬,利用夏日上午戶外太陽光照射,
Methylene Blue 之光分解速率常數為 0.1237 min-1,半衰期為 6.9 分鐘,光
分解速率隨著光源種類及強度而異,其順序為:夏日陽光 〉90瓦鹵素燈 〉150
瓦探照燈(Spot Light)。結果亦顯示本方法不適用以處理水溶性較差之染料,
同時由於受到遲滯效應之影響,當廢水中存在有 Acetonitrile, Alcohols, HCl,
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H3PO4, Humic Substances 及 Dissolved Organic Matters (DOM) 時處理效率
亦受影響,反應效率降低原因可能與催化劑表面活性位置被遲滯物質競先吸附
佔據有關,同時水中存在有 Humic Substances 及 DOM 時亦可能因降低透光度
而影響到處理效率。太陽能為自然界存量豐富之能源,研究結果顯示經由妥善
之工程設計本方法可以經濟有效的處理水溶性染料廢水,對於解決國內大量之
染料廢水有其實用之價值。同時,海洋或河口域環境中存在有大量之腐植質、
藻類浮游植物,其相關之可能運用價值,與其所蘊涵之自然淨化機制,值得更
多的科學研究工作者投入。
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Implementing Ecosystem-Based Marine Spatial Planning:
Analyses Of Two North American Case-Studies.
Wesley Flannery
Doctor, Department of Geography, School of Geography and Archaeology,
National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland.
Abstract
Adopting ecosystem-based marine spatial planning (MSP) is advanced
as one way of resolving marine governance issues such as user conflict,
degradation of fragile environments, and accounting for cumulative impacts
on the ecosystem. The critical examination of marine initiatives which have
adopted some of the key planning principles of MSP can contribute to the
development of good practice. This paper reports analyses of two marine
EBM initiatives: The Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary; and The
Eastern Scotian Shelf Integrated Management Initiative. The analyses
indicate that the effective implementation of these principles is frustrated by
fragmented governance, lack of authority, and the persistence of sectoral
thinking and logic. To expedite the transition to MSP, its place-based nature
and integrated management need to be emphasised. MSP lead agencies
need to break with traditional sectoral planning and thinking, need to develop
new cross-sectoral work practices and have clear understanding of how
plans will be implemented.
Keywords: marine spatial planning, ecosystem-based management, marine
governance, planning principles
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The Impact Of Institutional Arrangement On Ocean
Governance: International Trends And The Case Of Korea
Sung Gwi Kim
Senior Research Fellow, Korea Maritime Institute
Abstract
After the Chapter 17 of Agenda 21 recommended integrated
management for ocean and coastal management system, many countries
undertook institutional arrangement in the government structure for efficient
ocean governance. From such country cases, we can abstract 5 types of
institutional change for ocean governance: type 1) Inter-ministerial
commission or committee; type 2) Administration under the ministerial level of
department; type 3) Administration under the ministerial level plus
inter-ministerial commission or committee; type 4) Ministerial level of
department; Type 5) Ministerial level of department plus inter-ministerial
commission or committee.
It is also supposed that an institutional arrangement can impact on the
ocean governance through their elements in various ways, which was proved
in the case of Korea. In Korea, the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fishery
(MOMAF) established in 1996, which belongs to type 4 and had affected the
ocean governance very positively, thus making integrated ocean policy,
excellent coordination among related ministries and increasing the
constituency. However, the dismantlement of MOMAF in 2008 has affected
the ocean governance negatively. Reflecting the frequent government
restructuring, type 1, 3 or 5 can also be more recommended in case of Korea.
This shows how important an appropriate institutional arrangement is for
integrated ocean governance and sheds light on the direction for the future
institutional arrangement of the ocean sectors in each country.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569112000816
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Strengthening The Moral Foundation Of And Commitment To
Integrated Marine Environmental Governance
Lawrence Hildebrand
Adjunct Professor, Marine Affairs, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
& Senior Research Fellow, International Ocean Institute
Abstract
Integrated marine environmental governance regimes are well
established in most of the world’s coastal and ocean regions. We have
learned how to construct such collaborative initiatives over the past several
decades and to get most of the relevant actors to these shared tables. Yet,
these initiatives do not always work optimally and/or survive over the long
term. What are we missing? This paper posits two key factors. The first
is that we do not invest enough up-front time in the initial development of
these processes to allow the respective regime actors to have their interests,
objectives, fears and corporate cultures understood and appreciated by
others. We are thus building these governance regimes on a weak moral
foundation. If we do not know, understand and trust our colleagues around
these collaborative tables, how will we work together effectively over the long
term? The second factor is that we tend to treat these collaborative
governance initiatives as ‘extra’ activities; those above and beyond our
day-to-day ‘core’ sectoral roles. It is interesting and fun to attend these
meetings, develop goals and objectives together for a shared marine
environment, and to seek out and secure external funding to undertake
agreed-upon priority initiatives. Yet we often fail to expect or require that
these sectoral actors will commit to, as the United Nations is fond of saying,
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‘mainstreaming’ the commitment to invest their own resources and change
their behaviors. Thus, if we are to build and sustain these environmental
governance initiatives over the long-term, we must learn to better understand
and appreciate each other and truly commit our own resources to make them
successful and sustainable.
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The Taiwanese Institutional Arrangements For Ocean And
Coastal Management Twenty Years After the Rio Declaration
Kun-Lung Lin 1, Hao-Tang Jhan 2, Wen-Hong Liu3*, Ya-Chun Wang4,
Pei-Tsen Tsai4
1 Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries Production and Management,
National Kaohsiung Marine University
2 Ph. D. Student, School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University
3 Director, Master Program of Marine Affairs and Business Management,
National Kaohsiung Marine University
Associate Professor, Department of Fisheries Production and Management,
National Kaohsiung Marine University
4 Master, Department of Fisheries Production and Management, National
Kaohsiung Marine University
Abstract
This study examines the Taiwanese institutional arrangements for ocean
and coastal management to explore the development of ocean and coastal
management in Taiwan 20 years after the “Rio Declaration on Environment
and Development.” First, we employed purposive sampling to distribute
questionnaires among industry personnel, government officials and
personnel, scholars, and personnel of non-government organizations (NGOs)
involved in institutional arrangements for ocean and coastal management.
We recovered 159 effective copies of the 323 distributed questionnaires, for
an effective recovery rate of 49.2%. Subsequently, we used descriptive
statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Scheffé's method for post hoc
tests to analyze whether the four groups of participants had differing
perspectives or cognition levels of the three dimensions and multiple
sub-dimensions of the institutional arrangements. The results show that (1)
for political institutional arrangements, the four groups all disagreed with the
http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/cgi-bin/gs32/gsweb.cgi/ccd=rssEpx/search?q=aue=%22Tsai%2CPei-Tsen%22.&searchmode=basic
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Taiwanese government’s institutional arrangements for finance and budget
allocation, and the government officials and personnel and scholars
disagreed with the Taiwanese institutional arrangements for the planning,
implementation, and promotion of ocean and coastal management; (2)for
legal institutional arrangements, the government officials and personnel,
scholars, and NGO personnel believed that the existing Taiwanese laws and
regulations lacked clear roles, authorization, and responsibilities, as well as
coordination and stability; and (3) for social institutional arrangements, the
scholars considered the social institutional arrangements for Taiwan’s ocean
and coastal management insufficient, which differed significantly from the
opinions of the other three groups. This implies that the care and attention
provided by the other three groups to social institutional arrangements was
insufficient.
Keywords: Ocean governance, Marine affairs, Integrated coastal
management, Marine education
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Factors Influencing Container Carriers’ Use Of Coastal
Shipping
Ching-Chiao Yang1*, Hui-Huang Tai2, Wen-Hsing Chiu3
1 Assistant professor, Department of Shipping and Transportation Management,
National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 2 Associate professor, Department of Shipping and Transportation Management,
National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan 3 Deputy Manager, Customs Affairs Team, Kaohsiung Branch, Yang Ming Marine
Transportation Corporation, Taiwan
Abstract
Coastal shipping is one of the most sustainable and economically
competitive modes of transportation. This study employs the Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine the importance of various
factors influencing container carriers’ use of coastal shipping. A three-level
hierarchical structure with 17 attributes is proposed and tested. A previous
AHP survey in Taiwan has indicated that port policy and infrastructure is the
most critical factor influencing coastal shipping by container carriers, followed
by operational cost, operational strategy, and operational efficiency. Overall,
the results indicate that the five most important attributes influencing the use
of coastal shipping are: simplified customs procedures; leasing a dedicated
terminal; transhipment time; a favourable port charge system and efficient
terminal operations.
Keywords: Container Carriers, Coastal Shipping, Analytic Hierarchy Process
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Slow Steaming Of Liner Trade: Its Economic And
Environmental Impacts
Kevin Li1 , YIN JINGBO2 , SHEN XULI3
1 Dept. of International Logistics, College of Business & Economics,
Chung-Ang University, Republic of Korea
2 Dept. of international shipping,School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and
Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China,
3 IMC Maritime Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University,
China
Abstract
Three forces are the drives for slow steaming in the liner industry,
increasing bunker price, continuous over supply of capacity, and environment
pressure to reduce CO2 emissions. This paper analyzes the background and
the recent application of slow steaming. However, slow steaming will
increase transit time and thus prolong the transport chain, solutions to which
are also widely discussed in this paper. The research looks into the questions
on how slow steaming can save bunker consumption and bring benefits to
the environment. A cost model is demonstrated to simulate the impact of slow
steaming on the revenue change, with application to the North Europe – Far
East trade. The final result shows that the optimal speed for the shipowner is
correlated with the designed speed, bunker price and the price of CO2. With
the increase of the bunker price and the price of CO2, the optimal speed will
increase too. That means slow steaming can bring benefits to the
environment.
Keywords: Slow steaming, CO2 emission, Oil bunker price, Carbon trade
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Green Shipping Practices And Firm Performance
Y.H. Venus Lun, Kee-hung Lai, Christina W. Y. Wong and T.C.E. Cheng
Shipping Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Abstract
Global economic development is facilitated by the commercial shipping
industry. Shipping operations contribute to the growth of international trade
activities, which heavily count on ships to carry cargoes from places of
production to places of consumption. Despite its importance, there have been
growing concerns about the environmental impacts caused by shipping
activities in international trade. To balance environmental protection and
productivity, many shipping firms have begun to adopt green shipping
practices (GSPs) to improve their operations in a more
environmentally-friendly manner. GSP consists of six dimensions, namely
Company Policy and Procedure (CPP), Shipping Documentation (SD),
Shipping Equipment (SE), Shipper Cooperation (SC), Shipping Materials (SM),
and Shipping Design and Compliance (SDC). GSP is becoming an important
aspect of shipping operations. It is timely for the shipping industry to evaluate
firm capability in carrying out greening operations, i.e., firms’ “greening”
capability. Firm capability comprises two key elements: one is embedded in
firms’ business routines or activities, and the other concerns firms’ ability in
transforming inputs into outputs. GSPs can be considered as inputs while firm
performance measures as outputs. This study uses an input/output approach
to examine the greening capability of shipping firms. The results indicate that
shipping firms are relatively weak in the practices of SC and SE, while the
capability scores of SM, CPP, SDC, and SD are all close to 1 with an average
score of 0.927, 0.920, 0.924, and 0.978, respectively. Academic and
managerial significance of the findings are highlighted.
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The Effects Of Slow Steaming On The Environmental
Performance In Liner Shipping
Jong-Kyun Woo1 and Daniel Seong-Hyeok Moon2
1 World Maritime University, Malmo, Sweden. Email: [email protected]
2 World Maritime University, Malmo, Sweden. Email: [email protected]
Abstract
Environment issue is one of the significant challenges in the liner
shipping industry. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set a
goal to reduce GHG emissions from existing vessels by 20-50% by 2050, and
develop the Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator (EEOI) as a measure for
the energy efficiency. To achieve the goal, IMO has suggested three basic
approaches; namely, the enlargement of vessel size, the reduction of voyage
speed and the application of new technologies. In recent times, liners have
adopted slow steaming, and decelerated the voyage speed to 15-18 knots on
major routes. This is because slow steaming is helpful in reducing the
operating costs and the amount of GHG emissions. However, it also creates
negative effects, which have influence on the operating costs and the amount
of GHG emissions at the same time.
This study is started from the basic question; is it true that as voyage
speed reduces, the operating costs and CO2 emissions can be reduced at the
same time? If it is true, liners will definitely decelerate their voyage speed
themselves as possible as they can to increase the profits and to improve the
level of environmental performance. However, if not, liners will concentrate
just on increasing their profits by not considering environmental factors. This
has led the authors to set out three objectives. The first objective is to
analyze the relationship between voyage speed and the amount of CO2
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emissions, and to estimate the changes by slow steaming in liner shipping.
The second is to analyze the relationship between voyage speed and the
operating costs on a loop. Moreover, the final objective is to find the optimal
voyage speed as a solution to maximize the reduction of CO2 emissions at
lowest operating cost with satisfying the reduction target of IMO.
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Green Shipping Management Capability And Firm
Performance In The Container Shipping Industry
Taih-Cherng Lirn1 , Hsiao-Wen Lin2, and Kuo-Chung Shang3
1 Department of Shipping and Transportation Management, National Taiwan
Ocean University, No. 2, Beining Rd., Keelung City 202, Taiwan, R.O.C.
2 Department of Business Administration, National Chengchi University, 64,
Sec.2, Zhinan Rd.,Taipei 11605,Taiwan, R.O.C.
3 Department of Transportation Science, National Taiwan Ocean University,
No. 2, Beining Rd., Keelung City 202, Taiwan, R.O.C
* Corresponding Authors (e-mail: [email protected])
Abstract
This study empirically identifies crucial green shipping management
capability and examines its impact on firm performance using survey data
collected from container shipping firms including shipping companies and
agencies. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis is performed to identify
three critical green shipping management capability dimensions, namely, a
greener policy, greener ships, and greener suppliers. Firm performance in this
study is categorized into environmental performance and financial
performance. The results indicate that a greener policy has an indirect and
positive influence on both the green ships and green suppliers factors.
Greener ship and greener suppliers are found to have an indirect and positive
influence on financial performance through environmental performance.
Accordingly, this study suggests that container shipping managers could focus
on organizational green shipping management capability, specifically regarding
policies, ships and suppliers, to improve their environmental and financial
performance. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings for
container shipping firms are discussed.
Keywords: Container shipping industry, Green shipping management
capability, Firm performance
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Factors Influencing Container Carriers’ Use Of Coastal
Shipping
Ching-Chiao Yang1, Hui-Huang Tai2, Wen-Hsing Chiu3
1 Assistant professor, Department of Shipping and Transportation
Management, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
2 Associate professor, Department of Shipping and Transportation
Management, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
3 Deputy Manager, Customs Affairs Team, Kaohsiung Branch, Yang Ming
Marine Transportation Corporation, Taiwan
Abstract
Coastal shipping is one of the most sustainable and economically
competitive modes of transportation. This study employs the Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to determine the importance of various
factors influencing container carriers’ use of coastal shipping. A three-level
hierarchical structure with 17 attributes is proposed and tested. A previous
AHP survey in Taiwan has indicated that port policy and infrastructure is the
most critical factor influencing coastal shipping by container carriers, followed
by operational cost, operational strategy, and operational efficiency. Overall,
the results indicate that the five most important attributes influencing the use
of coastal shipping are: simplified customs procedures; leasing a dedicated
terminal; transhipment time; a favourable port charge system and efficient
terminal operations.
Keywords: Container Carriers, Coastal Shipping, Analytic Hierarchy Process
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Dr. Shui-Kai Chang
Current Position:
Associate Professor, Institute of Marine Affairs, National
Sun Yat-sen University
Nationality:
Taiwan
Education:
PhD in Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University
Fields of Specialization:
Fisheries management
Contact:
Address: 70, Lien-hai Road, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
Telephone: +886-7-5250050
E-mail: [email protected]
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Dr. Yen-Chiang Chang
Current Position:
Professor, School of Law, Shandong University, China
Nationality:
Taiwanese
Education:
LL.M (National Taiwan Ocean University, Taiwan); Ph.D (University of Dundee, UK)
Fields of Specialization:
International Law of the Sea
Contact:
Address: No. 5, Hongjialou, Jinan City, Shandong Province, China 250100
Telephone: +86-15275197632
E-mail: [email protected]
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Dr. Kuei-Chao Change
Current Position:
Adjunct Lecturer
Nationality:
Taiwan
Education:
Ph. D. National Cheng Kung University
Fields of Specialization:
Marine Ecosystem Management, Marine Spatial Planning, Stakeholder Conflict
Management
Contact:
Address: No.1 University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
Telephone: 886-975350762
E-mail: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
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Dr. Lishu Chen
Current Position:
Assitant Researcher
National Museum of Marine Science & Technology
--Provisional Office
Nationality:
ROC
Education:
PhD, Dept. Mar. Biol. JCU
Fields of Specialization:
Fish Biology, Marine Conservation, Marine Education
Contact:
Address: 61, Lane 369, Pei-Ling Rd., Keelung 20248, Taiwan
Telephone: 886-2-24696000 ext. 5011
Fax: 886-2-24690507
E-mail: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
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Dr. Mr. Chao-Chia Cheng
Current Position:
Ph.D. Student
Nationality:
Republic of China
Education:
Ph.D. student, National Cheng Kung University
Fields of Specialization:
Leisure and Recreation
Contact:
Address: Nantou County, Caotun town, Dongmei Street, Street Lane 88, No.
3-5
Telephone: 0919-330012
E-mail: [email protected]
http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=%E6%88%90%E5%8A%9F%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CB8QFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncku.edu.tw%2F&ei=qGJcUMnqKcHYmAXa6oCQAQ&usg=AFQjCNEujKnpg7g9owpMRdJh6xUNFUFRkA
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A. Personal Data
English Name Thia-Eng Chua
Citizenship Malaysian
Passport number A24784058
Sex Male
Date of Birth 28 March 1940
Home Tel 60125238977
Fax
Contact Address 235-3 Jalan Daud, Muar 84000,Johore, Malaysia.
E-Mail [email protected]
Hade Visited Taiwan ■ Yes, several times manyyears ago, between 1967 and ~2007
□No, first time
B. Present Job Information
Institution Retired from International Maritime Organization since Dec 2007
Department Marine Environment
Division Position
Regional Programme Director
of Regional Programme on
Marine Environmental
Management in the Seas of
East Asia
Period 1994-2007
Office Address Programme office: c/o Department of Environmental and Natural
Resource, Visayas Avenue, Quezon City, Metro Manila, Philippines
Office Tel 632-9292992 Fax 6329269712
C. Highest Education and Specialized Field
School Name National University of
Singapore Country Singapore
Major Field Fisheries Biology
Period 1971 Degree Ph.D
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Specialized Field
Coastal and ocean governance
D. Honor and Awards
Honor and Awards
He won the First Gold Medal Award (1995) and Honorary Membership Award
(1998) of the Asian Fisheries Society, the Honorary Life Membership Award
(1994) of the Malaysian Fishery Society.
In recognition of his work, the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
conferred him the prestigious “Friendship Award” in October,1997. The Royal
Government of Cambodia conferred him the Sahak Metrey Medal in March 2002
by his majesty King Sihanouk. In 2006, he was recognized as one of the
outstanding alumni of the National University of Singapore for the work he has
done. In September 2011, he was conferred the Honorary Citizen of Xiamen,
China.
E. Biography
He completed his bachelor degree at Nanyang University and later his postgraduate
diploma in fisheries (1965), Masteral (1967) and Doctorate (1971) degrees in estuarine
ecology and zoology respectively at the National University of Singapore. He participated in
the shipboard training organized by the Ocean Research Institute of Tokyo University in
1966 and did his postdoctorate training in Tokyo some years later. He was able to travel and
participated rather extensively through several UNESCO, sida and CIDA fellowships and
later on through various international and regional programs/ consultancies with UN,
World Bank, Exxon, GEF, FAO, IMO, IFS, USAID, ICLARM, etc that enabe his wide exposure to
various issues pertaining to the sustainable development of the coasts and oceans
especially in the developing worlds in Asia and the Pacific, Africa and Latin America.
He began his research and teaching career in fisheries, aquaculture and marine
biology in 1967 as a lecturer at the National University of Singapore until 1972 when he
joined the University of Science in Malaysia as an Associate Professor until 1979. He joined
the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations in 1980 as Senior
Aquaculturist and Training Coordinator. He developed and conducted postgraduate degree
programs for Senior Aquaculturists in Asia and the Pacific region under the Network of
Aquaculture Centers of Asia (NACA). During his term with FAO, he produced more than 100
masteral degree graduates in collaboration with the University of the Philippines in the
Visayas and Seafdec Aquaculture Department in Iloilo.
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In 1986, he was hired by the International Center for Aquactic Resource Management
( ICLARM, now the World Fish Center) to coordinate and implement a regional project on
Coastal Resource Management supported by USAID in six Asean countries ( Brunei,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Singapore) where he successfully
implemented the first regional program in coastal resource management and has made
significant contributions in developing, verifying and promoting its concept and practices.
He was subsequently made Director of the Coastal Management Program in ICLARM and
later as the Director of National Support Programme until 1993.
In 1994 he was hired by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to direct a larger
regional program in Marine Pollution Prevention and Management through the auspices of
the Global Environmental Facilities and United Nations Development Programme. Through
the initial and second phases of this program (1994-2007), he was able to develop
integrated coastal management demonstration projects in six countries and later on scaling
up the number of local governments practising ICM to more than 28 provinces and
municipalities in 10 nations including Cambodia, China, DP R Korea, Indonesia, Japan,
Malaysia, Philippines, RO Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. Through the training courses of
PEMSEA and ICLARM , he helped trained no less than 3000 coastal managers and coastal
technicians, academes and local executives in the application of integrated coastal
management and related specialized courses.
He improved the concept and practices of integrated coastal and marine management by
developing a generic management framework and process that enable effective integration of
policy, management and technological interventions based on interdisciplinary knowledge
and participation of all stakeholders, including the civil society, private sector and coastal
communities. This management model facilitates a harmonious relationship between the
people, society and the environment. His working model promotes environmental investment,
thus strengthening natural resource and environmental governance at the local level. The
outcomes and experience of the ICM approach has led to the development of an ICM system
and the ICM code to codify the practices.
He has effectively energized policy changes towards coastal and marine policy development
in the region. Through the Baguio (1990) and Singapore (1991) Resolutions, he was able to
bring political leaders from various countries to commit to sustainable coastal and marine
development, thus paving the foundation for various coastal and marine policy developments
in the Philippines, Indonesia, China, Japan, Republic of Korea and Thailand. He played a
critical role in the formulation of the Arusha Declaration (1993) and the Seychelles
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58
Declaration (1996), resulting in the initiation and propagation of coastal and marine area
management practices in East Africa. He was also the key force behind the formulation and
signing of the Bohai Sea Declaration (2000), which signals the commitment of the different
provinces and municipalities bordering the Bohai Sea in China to protect their marine and
coastal environment of the only Chinese Inland Seas.
He has successfully brought the countries in East and Southeast Asia together under a
regional collaborative and partnership framework through the establishment of the
Partnerships in Environmental Management of the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA) to
implement a long term regional marine strategy known as the Sustainable Development
Strategy for the Seas of East Asia (SDS-SEA), the implementation of which enable the
pooling of regional human and financial resources to address the common threats to
coastal and ocean security of the region. The countries of the region adopted the SDS-SEA
through the “Putrajaya Declaration ( 2003)” by ministers of relevant agencies and further
recognizes PEMSEA as the implementing agency for the SDS-SEA through another policy
initiaitves, the Haiko Agreement (2006). PEMSEA provides the regional platform for regular
regional meetings under its tri-annual East Asian Seas Congress which serves as an
international market place for sharing of management and technical knowledge through
workshops, seminars and meetings during the international conference and policy dialgue
through a tri-annual ministerial forum. The SDS-SEA is the first regional marine strategy
being developed in Asia so far parallel that of the regional marine strategy of the European
Community. In order to continue the regional implementation of the SDS-SEA, eight
countries of the region formally recognized PEMSEA’s international legal personality
through the Manila Agreement in 2010, making PEMSEA effectively an international
organization which is made up of both state and non-state partners.
Over the years, he had established effective networks of natural and social scientists, legal
professionals, resource managers, civil society, private sectors and political leaders in the
region to forge regional cooperation and collaboration. He was the founding president of the
Malaysian Society of Marine Sciences (1972-1973), Asian Fisheries Society (1986-95) and
first president of the World Fisheries Congress. He also led the establishment of a number of
professional networks, thus strengthening the use of scientific knowledge for management
and bringing scientists closer to the policy makers.
In addition to his service to universities and international organizations, he had also served as
as external examiner for the postgraduate programs of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine
Science, University of Agriculture, Malaysia; Department of Zoology, University of
Colombo, Sri Lanka; as well as for a number of masteral and doctorate theses from various
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universities in the Asia-Pacific region, Europe and the US. He also served as a member of the
International Advisory Committee of the Marine Environment Research and Innovative
Technology (MERIT) centre, City University, Hong Kong from 2004-7 as well as Visiting
Fellow of the Ocean Policy Research Institute of Japan and member of its Research Council
(2004-7) He served as the Associate editor of the Journal of Coast and Ocean Management
(2002-2007)
and as Executive Editor of the Tropical Coasts magazines until his retirement in December
2007..
Currently, he serves as the chair of the East Asian Sea Partnership Council of PEMSEA.
Concurrently he is the Visiting Professor of the Coastal and Ocean Management Institute of
Xiamen University (China) and Chair of its international academic committee since 2003.
F. Publications
He has published extensively over the years with no less than 230 papers, reports and
books. His most recent book (2006) “ The Dynamics of Integrated Coastal
Management –practical Application in the Sustainable Development in East Asia” has been
widely used as text or reference for marine affairs or ICM courses in universities such as
Rhode Island, Delaware (USA) , World Maritime University, Khamar University in Sweden,
Asian Institute of Technology (Thailand), University of the Philippines, Xiamen University
(China) and others. Another recent publication, “Securing the Oceans” (2008), which he
was the senior editor and co-author amongst 25 eminent experts is also another major
contribution to ocean and coastal governance of the world.
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Dr. Ching-Ta Chuang
Current Position:
Professor and Director
Institute of Marine Affairs and Resource Management
President, Taiwan Fisheries Economic Development
Association
Nationality:
Taiwan, R.O.C.
Education:
North Carolina State University, U.S.A.
Fields of Specialization:
Marine Economics and Fisheries,
Marine Leisure & Island Ecotourism,
Marine Sociology & Community Development
Contact:
Address: 2 Peining Rd. Keelung, Taiwan 20224, National Taiwan Ocean University
Telephone: (02)24622192 ext:5603
Fax: (02)24633986
E-mail: [email protected]
http://imarm.ntou.edu.tw/~imarm/page/english/teacher01.php
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Dr. Wesley Flannery
Current Position:
Post-doctoral researcher
Nationality:
Irish
Education:
Ph.D Geogrpahy (National University of Ireland Galway)
Fields of Specialization:
Marine spatial planning; stakeholder participation
Contact:
Address: Department of Geography, NUIG, Galway, Ireland.
Telephone: +353864040819
Fax: 353 91 495505
E-mail: [email protected]
mailto:[email protected]
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Dr. David L Fluharty
Current Position:
Associate Professor, School of Marine and Environmental
Affairs, College of the Environment, University of
Washington
Nationality:
USA
Education:
PhD University of Michigan, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, Ann
Arbor, Michigan
Fields of Specialization:
Natural Resources Conservation and Management
MA: Department of Geography, University of Washington
BA: Department of Political Science/Department of Scandinavian Languages,
University of Washington – D