2012 APWH Period 1 Review
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Transcript of 2012 APWH Period 1 Review
TECHNOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS
To 600 B.C.E.
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
World History is GLOBAL! Humans emerged in East Africa Hunting-Foraging bands migrated to:
Eurasia Americas Australia
New technology & culture emerged as they arrived in different climate zones
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
Neolithic Revolution began in about 8000 BCE Agriculture developed in different places at
different times! Nile Valley Tigris & Euphrates Valley Huang He/Yellow River Indus River Mesoamerica Andes New Guinea
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
Pastoralism remained a thriving way of life in steppe grasslands
Cooperation was required to clear land and control water for crop production
Soil depletion, overgrazing, deforestation…all impact the earth
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW?
Population grew exponentially with farming and grazing
Surplus of food=specialization of labor Artisans, warriors, elites, unskilled masses
Technology led to improvements in farming (plows, metals), trade (pottery, woven textiles), and transportation (wheels)
Elites gain wealth & promote patriarchy & large poor classes
WHAT DO I NEED TO KNOW
States first emerge in the core agricultural areas Egypt Mohenjo-Daro & Harappa Shang Dynasty Sumeria Olmec Chavin
EARLY STATES
Mobilized resources for farming Organized labor Led by a divine ruler Had military support Competed with other states for resources
Ex. Hittites had iron so others wanted it Metals were a key component
Gained knowledge of new weapons & technology from pastoralists (examples?)
EARLY STATES
Culture was important to these states: Monumental architecture Urban planning Sculpture/painting (frescoes) Record keeping Literature (Epic of Gilgamesh)
Politics reflected existing hierarchies & the rule over the masses Hammurabi’s Code
EARLY STATES
Complex religious beliefs develop: Polytheism, then…. Early Hinduism (Vedic religion) Judaism (monotheistic) Zoroastrianism (monotheistic)
Trade expands locally, regionally, and trans-regionally (goods, technology, & CULTURE!) Egypt & Nubia, Mesopotamia & India