2011.4.1Cardiovascular System V2
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Transcript of 2011.4.1Cardiovascular System V2
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Cardiovascular
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The circulatory system is also referred to asthe cardiovascular or vascular system
Controls the steady circulation of the blood through
the body by the heart and blood vessels (veins andarteries )
It consists of the heart, arteries, veins and capillariesfor the distribution of blood throughout the body
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The Cardiovascular system works
well with:
The Respiratory system
The Lymphatic system
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Main functions
Transportation
Transport oxygen, nutritive materials, water to cells, carbon dioxideand other waste products to the organs of excretion.
Protection Protect through the action of white blood cells and through the
production and transportation of antibodies.
Maintenance
Maintain constant internal environment of the body.
Regulation Regulate body temperature, water and other substances in the body
and co-ordinate the body through the distribution of hormonesfrom endocrine system to the cells which they influence.
pg 28
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Systemic and Pulmonary
circulation
With each beat, the heart pumps blood into two closedcircuits;
SYSTEMIC and PULMONARY (lungs)
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SYSTEMIC SYSTEMIC
LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART
RECEIVES FRESHLY OXYGENATED BLOOD FROM THE LUNGS.
Left ventricle ejects blood into the aorta and the blood then
flows into separate streams distributing all organsthroughout the body except for the air sacs in the lungs.
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PULMONARY PULMONARY;
RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART
The pump for pulmonary circulation RECEIVES DEOXYGENATED BLOOD returning from the systematic
circulation.
Blood ejected from the right ventricle flows into the pulmonarytrunk, which branches into pulmonary arteries that carries blood tothe left and right lungs.
Blood unloads Carbon Dioxide (CO2) which is exhaled and picks upOxygen (O).
The freshly oxygenated blood then blows into pulmonary veins andreturns to the left atrium.
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The
HeartA muscular, coneshaped organthat keeps theblood moving
within thecirculatory
system
It is often
referred to as thebodys pump
It is enclosed by amembrane
known as the
pericardium
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The heart Is a muscle (cardiac
muscle)which is approxthe size of a clenched
fist. It weighs approx 250g
and is located in thechest cavity
In a normal resting statethe heart beats 72 to 80times per minute
The heart has fourchambers.
Two atria ( upper chambers )
right atrium & left atrium
Two ventricles (lower chambers)
Right ventricle & left
ventricle
The sides of the heart aredivided by the septum
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Valves between the chambers allow the blood to flowin only one direction.
Pulmonary circulation TO THE LUNGS Deoxygenated blood enters the heart from 3
sources Superior and Inferior vena cava and thecoronary sinus to the right atrium.
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PULMONARY CIRCULATION Blood passes from the RIGHT ATRIUM into the
RIGHT VENTRICLE through a valve called theTRICUSPID VALVE 3 point.
Right Ventricle blood passes from the Right Ventricle
through the pulmonary semi lunar into a large arterycalled the PULMONARY TRUNK which divides intothe right and left pulmonary arteries.
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Systemic circulation FROM THE LUNGS
Oxygen rich blood FLOWS from the lungs viapulmonary veins and returns to the LEFT ATRIUM andthen passes through the bicuspid valve into the leftventricle where it is ejected into the AORTA.
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Systole
Systole; the term systole means contraction
Is when the atria or the ventricles of the heart contract.
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Diastole Diastole means dilation or expansion.
Is when the atria or ventricles of the heart relax,expand or dilate.
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The difference between systole
and diastole
Systole- Contraction of the atria or ventricles
Diastole- Expansion or relaxation of atria or ventricles
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Blood vesselsThe blood vessels transport the blood around the body
and can be divided into three main types:
1.Arteries2. Capillaries
3. Veins
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Blood vesselsArteries Veins
Are thick-walled, muscular,flexible tubes.
Carry oxygenated bloodaway from the heart to thecapillaries (except pulmonaryartery).
The largest artery in the bodyis the aorta
Do not have a valves.
Have a pulse
Are thin-walled bloodvessels that are less elastic
than arteries.
Carry blood containing wasteproducts from the variouscapillaries towards the heart
(except pulmonary veins). Havevalves to prevent back
flow
Do not have a pulse.
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Capillaries Capillaries are minute, thin walled blood vessels that
connect the smaller arteries to the veins.
Arterioles the smallest arteries. Venules the smallest veins
They bring nutrients to the cells and carry away wastematerials
They connect arterioles to venules
Capillaries have no valves.
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Blood Adult human body contains 4-5 litres of blood 1/20 of the
bodys weight.
Blood is approx. 80% water.
It is a sticky & salty substance, with a normal temperature of 36degree Celsius .
Blood consists of blood cells (45%) and blood plasma (55%).
Blood cells include: red blood cells
white blood cells Platelets
Plasma
haemoglobin.
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Blood cells
Red blood cells White blood cells Also called Red corpuscles
or Erythrocytes.
Are produced in the red bonemarrow.
Contain haemoglobin, acomplex iron protein thatgives the blood its bright redcolour.
Main function is to carryoxygen to body cells andtissues.
Women have slightly lowerhaemoglobin levels that men.
Also called Whitecorpuscles or Leukocytes.
Produced in bone marrow,lymph tissue and spleen.
Main function is fightinfection by absorbing anddigesting disease-causingorganisms.
Some white blood cellsproduce antibodies.Antibodies are proteins thatattach to foreign materials
which enter the body.
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Platelets Plasma
Also known as Thrombocytes Platelets are the blood parts that
form clots to stop bleeding. When an injury tears open a
blood vessel, platelets stick tothe vessel wall around theopening.
Fibrinogen then sticks to the
platelets forming a tangled webof thin fibres. The fibres catchmore platelets and blood cells,forming a clot. The clot plugsthe opening and stops thebleeding.
Consists of 90% of water and10% dissolved materials.
Clear yellowish fluid thatcarries nutrients to the body.
Contains Fibrinogen, theprotein that assists plateletsin blood clotting.
Main function is to carryfood and secretions to thecells and to remove carbondioxide away from the cells.
Blood Cells
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Red blood cells White blood cells
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Platelets and Fibrinogen
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Blood
Plasma (55%) Blood cells
(45%)
Water (90%) Dissolved substances (10%) Red cells White
cells
Platelets
Proteins Mineral salts Food Materials (glucose,
amino acids, fatty acids,
glycerol)
Waste products (carbon
dioxide, urea)
Hormones
Antibodies Hormone
Clotting proteins
Composition of Blood
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Homework/revision1. Name the functions of the heart.2. What are the 4 chambers of the heart called?3. What is Systole and Diastole?4. Which side of the heart does de-oxygenated blood flow into?5. Draw a simple flow chart of the blood circulation from when it
enters into the right Atrium6. How is the blood carried around the body? Name 3 blood
vessels7. Name 2 differences between Arteries and Veins8. What is blood made up of?9. What is the percentage of blood cells to plasma?10. What does plasma consist of? Name the percentages and the
components of plasma