2011 Spanish Grammar Book2011 Spanish Grammar Book

Tiana AnthonyTiana Anthony

Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTitle page Title page Table of ContentsTable of Contents

Present (pg. 3)Present (pg. 3)Stem Changers (pg.4)Stem Changers (pg.4)Irregular “Yo” (pg. 5)Irregular “Yo” (pg. 5)Saber vs. Conocer (pg. 6)Saber vs. Conocer (pg. 6)Reflexives (pg. 7)Reflexives (pg. 7)““Se” impersonal (pg. 8)Se” impersonal (pg. 8)Diphongs with accents (pg. 9)Diphongs with accents (pg. 9)Uir/Guir, Cer/Cir, Ger/Gir (pg. 10)Uir/Guir, Cer/Cir, Ger/Gir (pg. 10)Verbs like… (pg. 11)Verbs like… (pg. 11)Hace + ___ + que ___ + present/preterito (pg. 12)Hace + ___ + que ___ + present/preterito (pg. 12)Ser vs. Estar (pg. 13)Ser vs. Estar (pg. 13)

Presente –er, -ar, -irPresente –er, -ar, -ir

En EnAnEllos (as)/ Ustedes

ImosEmosAmosNosotros (as)

EEAEl/Ella/

Usted

EsEsAsTu

OOOyo

-ir-er-ar

Stem ChangersStem Changers

e e ie ie

o o ue ue

e e I I

u u ueue

Also called boot verbs. There is no stem change in the nosotros/vosotros

Irregular –zco, -go, -oyIrregular –zco, -go, -oyIrregular yo verbs only change in the yo Irregular yo verbs only change in the yo

formform -oy(dar) -go(tener) -zco(conocer)-oy(dar) -go(tener) -zco(conocer)

doy damos tengo tenemos conozcodoy damos tengo tenemos conozco

das dais tienes tieneis conoces conoseisdas dais tienes tieneis conoces conoseis

da dan tiene tienen conoce conocenda dan tiene tienen conoce conocen

Saber vs. ConocerSaber vs. Conocer

Conocer- to knowConocer- to know

Saber-to knowSaber-to know

Use saber Use conocerUse saber Use conocer

-express knowledge -recognizing a-express knowledge -recognizing a

or info about a certain a person, place,or info about a certain a person, place,

thing or object. thing or object.

Los ReflextivosLos Reflextivos

What are they?What are they?– They are what are reflected upon onesel or other.They are what are reflected upon onesel or other.

Me Lavarse- Mi lavo mi cara.Me Lavarse- Mi lavo mi cara.Te Peintarse- Te peines tu pelo.Te Peintarse- Te peines tu pelo.Se Cepillarse- Se cepilla mi dientes.Se Cepillarse- Se cepilla mi dientes.Nos Pedirse- Nos pedimos a maestra.Nos Pedirse- Nos pedimos a maestra.Os Levantarse-Os levantiosa mi cama.Os Levantarse-Os levantiosa mi cama.Se Rescarse- Se rescan los brazosSe Rescarse- Se rescan los brazos

““Se” impersonalSe” impersonal

What is it used for?What is it used for?– It is used to make general statements.It is used to make general statements.– Se + third person formSe + third person form

Passive Voice

-specifys what happened to the subject

-Without saying who or what did the action.

Reciprocal Action

-point out the action being performed on the subjects.

frequently what they are doing something to or with each other.

Dipthongs with accentsDipthongs with accents

Weak vowel- I, y, uWeak vowel- I, y, u

Strong vowel- a,e,oStrong vowel- a,e,o

Used when a strong Used when a strong vowel or 2 weak vowel or 2 weak vowel come together vowel come together to firm one syllable.to firm one syllable.

Esuiar- to ski Esuiar- to ski Ellos-Esquian

El,Ella, Usted- Esquia

Vosotros- Esquiais

Tu-Esquias

Nosotros- Esquiamos

Yo- equio

-cer/-cir, -uir/-guir, -ger/-gir-cer/-cir, -uir/-guir, -ger/-gir

-cer/-cir-cer/-cir

““Cucaracha” verbsCucaracha” verbsAndar: anduv-Andar: anduv-Estar: estuv-Estar: estuv-Poder: Pud-Poder: Pud-Poner: Pus- -ePoner: Pus- -eQuerer: Quis- -isteQuerer: Quis- -isteSaber: sup- -oSaber: sup- -oTener: tuv- -imosTener: tuv- -imosVenir: Vin- -isteisVenir: Vin- -isteisConductir: conduj- -ieronConductir: conduj- -ieronProductir: produj-Productir: produj-Traducir: traduj-Traducir: traduj-Decir: dij-Decir: dij-Traer: tra-Traer: tra-

““Spock” verbsSpock” verbs

Ir/ser Dar/Ver HacerIr/ser Dar/Ver Hacer– Fui -d/vi -hiceFui -d/vi -hice– Fuiste -d/viste -hicisteFuiste -d/viste -hiciste

– Fue -d/vio -hizoFue -d/vio -hizo– Fuimos -d/vimos -hicimosFuimos -d/vimos -hicimos– Fueron -d/vieron -hicieronFueron -d/vieron -hicieron