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SAMPOA FINGERS

STONES

BY USING:-

NOW HOW THE NEW GENERATION SOLVE THIS MATHEMATIC PROBLEM?

COMPUTERCALCULATOR

BY USING:-

LEARNING AREA 1INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

EVOLUTION OF THE COMPUTER

LEARNING OUTCOME :

• Describe the brief evolution of computers.

FIRST GENERATION

SECOND GENERATION

THIRD GENERATION

FIFTH GENERATION

FOURTH GENERATION

EVO

LUTI

ON

OF

COM

PUTE

R

1st Generation (1940 -1956)

Characteristics Scientists Produces

Huge, slow, expensive and unreliable

Presper Eekert &William Mauchly

ENIAC (1946) Use vacuum tube instead of mechanical switches of the MARK 1

UNIVAC (1951) calculate at the rate of 10 000 addition / sec

Technology Details

Vacuum Tube Important step of the advancement of computer.

Vacuum tube is an electronic tube the size of light bulbs (internal computer components)

Punched Card Used to store data

Magnetic Tape (1957) It was a faster and a more compact method of storing data. Using magnetic tape became more reliable & cost effective.

2nd Generation (1956-1963)

Scientists Hardware Technology John Bardeen Walter Houser Brattain William Shockley

Transistor Small devices use to transfer electronic signal across a resistor.

Advantage of transistor:• Smaller than vacuum tubes• No needed no warm up time• Consumed less energy• Generated much less heat• Faster & more reliable

3rd Generation (1964 - 1971)

Hardware Technology Intergrated Circuit (IC)

Silicone chips were manufactured in 1961 at Silicon Valley. IC had reduced the size & cost of computer Semi conductor

Electronic circuit on a small chip of silicon. Microchip

Replaced the Magnetic Core Memory 256 bit RAM

basic development of 1K bit RAM

Introduced computer model :• IBM 370 series • CDC 7600• B2500

Used for business & scientific program

FOURTH GENERATION (1971-PRESENT)

There are many types of computer models such as: Apple Macintosh IBM DELL ACER

During the fourth generation, hardware technology such as silicone chips, microprocessor and storage devices were invented.

A microprocessor is a specialized chip which is developed for computer memory and logic.

microprocessor Silicone chips

ADVANTAGES

Computers became 100 times smaller than ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) the first computer.

Gain in speed, reliability and storage capacity.

Personal and software industry boomed.

FIFTH GENERATION (PRESENT & BEYOND)

Silicone chipsProcessorRoboticsVirtual realityIntelligent systemsPrograms which translate languages

Mini Computers

Mainframe Computers

Personal Computers

Mobile Computer

Super Computers

NEW ERA OF COMPUTER

CONCLUSION• First generation

– Vacuum tube, punch card and magnetic tape• Second generation

– transistor• Third generation

– Integrated circuit, semi conductor, microchip and 256 bit RAM

• Forth generation– Microprocessor, silicone chip

• Fifth generation– Silicone chips, processor, robotics, virtual reality, intelligent

systems and programs which translate languages.

3 QUESTIONS

1. Silicone chips were widely used during the third generation.

Answer : NO ( Forth generation )

2. A microprocessor is a specialized chip which is developed for computer memory and logic. Answer: YES

3. ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrate and Computer. Answer : NO (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)