Standards and StandardizationNewell Hampson-Jones, Education Sector Representative, British Standards Institution

25th November, 2011

Produced in Collaboration with:Dr Eujin Pei, FRSADe Montfort University

2

What are standards?

3

Types of Standard

Low High

ControlTim

eInt’l

Standards

(ISO)

European Standards (EN)

Publicly Available Specifications (PAS)

Private Standards

British Standards (BS)

Corporate Technical Specifications

4

• Proposal for new work• Project acceptance• Drafting• Public Comment• Approval• Publication• Review

The Standardization Process

• European standards body

• Differences in process

• Adoption by Weighted vote

European Committee for

Standardization (CEN)

• International (global) standards body

• One member, one vote.

• Final Draft International Standard

International Organization for Standardization

(ISO)

Picture source: http://www.chinaiceberg.com/about/attachment/berg0013

Standards and

Innovation

Blind, K.., Gauch, S., (2007). “Standardization Benefits Researchers.” Wissenschaftsmanagement Special, 2007 (2), pp. 16-17

Standards and Innovative Research

Standards in the research and innovation process, by Blind & Gauch

Bakal, M., (2011). Challenges and Opportunities For The Medical Device Industry: Meeting The New IEC 62304 Standard RTC, [online] Available at:<http://rtcmagazine.com/articles/view/102203>.

Bakal’s typical stages both software and hardware teams use for analysis, design, implementation, and testing.

Using Standards to Design & Engineer

Innovation

Using Standards to Design & Engineer

Innovation

11

Testing• Snapshot in time

• Susceptible to golden sampling

• “The sample submitted complied with the requirements of EN XXXX”

Certification• More than just a

test or quality control system

• Many certification and testing bodies in the UK

• UKAS (United Kingdom Accreditation Service)

Testing and Certification

Using Standards to Design & Engineer

Innovation

CE Mark

• Conformity to New Approach Directives

• Not a quality mark

• Mandatory in the EU

• BSI cannot give authority to apply the CE marking

• It is illegal to use the CE marking on a product that is outside the scope of all the New Approach directives.

Kitemark is…• Owned exclusively by BSI

• Issued under Licence

• 3rd party voluntary mark of quality and safety

The Process• Pre-Audit visit

• Initial Assessment visit

• Type Testing of new product

• Initial assessment report

• Award of Kitemark

• Continuing assessment visits

• Audit testing

CE and the Kitemark®

Using Standards to Design & Engineer

Innovation

Source

:http

://cod

yra

pol.co

m/in

tern

et/im

ag

es/it-w

asn

t-an-ice

berg

-that-sa

nk-th

e-tita

nic/

…could Standards have saved the Titanic?

Useful Standards for Engineers

British Standards and GPS

The Controlling Standards

• BS 8887 Specification for the preparation, content and structure of design output for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end of life processing (MADE)

• BS 8888 Technical Product Specification

• BS 8889 Contribution to specification process; data collection; decision rules; instrumentation, calibration, uncertainty / traceability.

The Elements

of an Engineering Drawing

Geometric Product Specifications

“Within BS 8888, Geometric Product Specification (GPS), provides the link between design intent and metrology. It is the international specification language that communicates component functional requirements, defines a common datum system, controls tooling, assembly, and verification interfaces, ensuring compliance with a uniform international standard. The system is:

Designed and developed by engineers for engineers A shorthand language for the engineering industry Clear, consistent, and unambiguous Applies across the entire design, manufacture and quality processes”

A language for specification and verification of technical requirements

Geometrical

Product

Specification

±0,05

30

Ø

A

-0,3

0,05 A B C

SIMn/A=10/50mm2

Ø16 H8 ( )16,02716,000GPS

• a systematic methodology

• complete and unambiguous

• covers specification and verification of workpiece geometry

• mathematically consistent

• rigorously defined

• documented in a series of interlinked ISO standards

Ø

A

-0,3

0,05 A B CSIMn/A=10/50mm216 H8 ( )16,02716,000

±0,0530

Why do we need GPS?

• With greater precision and accuracy interpretation become more significant

• CAD, CAM and CAQ systems demand formal mathematical definitions

• Globalisation

Why do we need GPS?

The British Standards Committee for GPS estimates that manufacturing industry wastes between 15% and 20% of production costs due to problems with technical product specifications. Globally, this adds up to £1.5 trillion every year.

Effective use of GPS leads to…

• improved fit and function of parts

• reduced production costs

• better quality

• better product reliability

• less scrap

• fewer disputes over compliance

• faster time-to-market

OPERATION−Partition−Extraction−Filtration−Association−Collection−Construction

OPERATION−Physical partition−Physical extraction−Filtration−Association−Collection−Construction

Difference contribute

s to uncertaint

y

SKIN MODELGeometrical

representation (infinite set of points)

REAL SURFACE

Set of feature which physically exists

MEASURED VALUECharacteristics

evaluation

MEASURANDCharacteristicsspecification

Comparison for conformance

SPECIFICATIONOPERATOR

VERIFICATIONOPERATOR

The Duality Principle

The duality principle gives a comparison for conformance between the Specification Operator and the Verification Operator

A theoretically exact verification operator is the implementation of the Specification Operator

If the verification operator does not correspond to the specification operator, it introduces a component of uncertainty

Fundamental Principles of GPS

Fundamental Principles of GPS

The operator principle• An operator defines a characteristic based upon operations.

Specification operators are formulated as virtual measuring procedures.

Verification operators define the sequence of operations used during the measuring process.

The default principle• A complete specification operator can be indicated by the most

concise indication for the relevant geometrical characteristic. This basic geometrical specification constitutes the default definition of the specification operator which may not be visible in the TPD (see TS 17450 - 2)

The reference condition principle• If not otherwise indicated in the TPD, the reference temperature for

the characteristics given in that TPD is 20o C (see ISO 1)

Fundamental Principles of GPS

The uncertainty principle• Within this TPS system, three prime categories of uncertainty

are defined (TS 17450-2) Correlation uncertainty

(attributed to the designer) Specification uncertainty

(attributed to the designer) Measurement uncertainty

(attributed to the metrologist)

Fundamental Principles of GPS

Where no prior agreement as to the application of uncertainty exists, between two (or more) parties

•where conformance with a specification is to be proven, measurement uncertainty (U) reduces the specification to the conformance zone at both tolerance limits and shall always be applied in the interest of the customer purchasing the part.

•where non-conformance with a specification is to be proven, measurement uncertainty (U) expands the tolerance at both tolerance limits. Uncertainty of measurement shall always be applied in the interest of manufacturer/ seller of the part.

29

Name: Newell Hampson-Jones

Title: Education Sector Representative

Address: BSI

389 Chiswick High Road

London

W4 4AL

Telephone: 020 8996 7227 / 07767 886 713

Email: newell.hampson-jones@bsigroup.com

Links: www.bsigroup.com / www.bsieducation.org

Contact