2011 0720 mendel father of genetics
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Transcript of 2011 0720 mendel father of genetics
Gregor MendelThe Father of Genetics
How are traits passed from one generation to the next?
Is there a pattern?
Gregor MendelThe Father of Genetics
Parts of a Flower
Stamen
Pollen(sperm)
Parts of a Flower - Male
Pistil
Egg
Parts of a Flower - Female
Stamen
Pollen(sperm)
Pistil
Egg
Pollination
Stamen
Pollen(sperm)
Pistil
Egg
Pollination
Stamen
Pollen(sperm)
Pistil
Egg
Pollination
Egg and sperm join and a new organism grows
Fertilization
Peas form in the pod
Fertilization
Life Cycle of a Pea Plant
Life Cycle of a Pea Plant
Life Cycle of a Pea Plant
Life Cycle of a Pea Plant
Life Cycle of a Pea Plant
Life Cycle of a Pea Plant
Life Cycle of a Pea Plant
Life Cycle of a Pea Plant
Life Cycle of a Pea Plant
Why do you think,
bees are excellent pollinators?
Why do you think,
bees are excellent pollinators?
How else is pollen transferred from the stamen to the pistil?
Why do you think,
bees are excellent pollinators?
How else is pollen transferred from the stamen to the pistil?
Why do you think,
bees are excellent pollinators?
How else is pollen transferred from the stamen to the pistil?
PLANT 1
Self-pollination
Stamen
Pollen(sperm)
PLANT 1
Self-pollination
Pistil
PLANT 1
Self-pollination
Sperm from pollen fertilizes the egg
PLANT 1
Self-pollination
PLANT 2PLANT 1
Cross-pollination
Stamen
Pollen(sperm)
PLANT 2PLANT 1
Cross-pollination
Pistil
PLANT 2PLANT 1
Cross-pollination
Plant 1 pollen fertilizes the egg of Plant 2
PLANT 2PLANT 1
Cross-pollination
How do you think Mendel
cross-pollinated pea plants?
Gregor MendelThe Father of Genetics
Gregor MendelThe Father of Genetics
How do you think Mendel
cross-pollinated pea plants?
How did he prevent
self-pollination?
Mendel’s Method
Mendel’s Method
Mendel’s Method
Mendel’s Method
Mendel’s Method
Mendel’s Method
What happens when a short pea plant cross-pollinates with a short pea plant?
Gregor MendelThe Father of Genetics
SHORT x SHORT
SHORT x SHORT
SHORT x SHORT
100% SHORT
SHORT x SHORT
What happens when a tall pea plant cross-pollinates with a tall pea plant?
Gregor MendelThe Father of Genetics
TALL x TALL
TALL x TALL
TALL x TALL
TALL x TALL
100% TALL
TALL x TALL
100% TALL
TALL x TALL TALL x TALL
100% TALL
TALL x TALL TALL x TALL
100% TALL
TALL x TALL TALL x TALL
100% TALL
TALL x TALL TALL x TALL
75% TALL, 25% SHORT100% TALL
TALL x TALL TALL x TALL
75% TALL, 25% SHORT100% TALL
TALL x TALL TALL x TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
P Generation(parental generation)
P Generation(parental generation)
P Generation(parental generation)
F1 Generation(first filial)
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
F1 Generation(first filial)
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
F1 Generation(first filial)
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
F1 Generation(first filial)
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
F1 Generation(first filial)
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
F1 Generation(first filial)
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
75% TALL, 25% SHORT
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
F1 Generation(first filial)
TALL | TALL Short | Short
F2 Generation(second filial)
75% TALL, 25% SHORT
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
PUREBRED TALLx PUREBRED SHORT
F1 Generation(first filial)
TALL | TALL Short | Short
TALL | ShortTALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short
F2 Generation(second filial)
75% TALL, 25% SHORT
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
PUREBRED TALLx PUREBRED SHORT
TALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
TALL | TALL Short | Short
F2 Generation(second filial)
75% TALL, 25% SHORT
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
PUREBRED TALLx PUREBRED SHORT
DOMINANT TRAIT =
TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
TALL | TALL Short | Short
TALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short
F2 Generation(second filial)
75% TALL, 25% SHORT
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
PUREBRED TALLx PUREBRED SHORT
DOMINANT TRAIT = = RECESSIVE TRAIT
F1 Generation(first filial)
TALL | TALL Short | Short
F2 Generation(second filial)
75% TALL, 25% SHORT
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
PUREBRED TALLx PUREBRED SHORT
HYBRID TALL x HYBRID TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short
Short | ShortTALL | TALL TALL | Short TALL | Short
F2 Generation(second filial)
75% TALL, 25% SHORT
TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
TALL | TALL Short | Short
TALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
PUREBRED TALLx PUREBRED SHORT
HYBRID TALL x HYBRID TALL
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
Short | ShortTALL | TALL
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = tDOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
Short | Short
T
T
TALL | TALL
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
t t
Short | Short
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
T
T
TALL | TALL
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
t t
Short | Short
T
T
TALL | TALL
TALL | Short
T t
=
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
t t
Short | Short
T
T
TALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short
T t T t
=
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
t t
Short | Short
T
T
TALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short
T t T t
T t
=
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
100% TALL
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
t t
Short | Short
T
T
TALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short TALL | Short
T t T t
T t T t
=
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
TALL | Short TALL | Short
Short | ShortTALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
Short | ShortTALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
T
t
TALL | Short TALL | Short
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
Short | ShortTALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
T t
TALL | Short
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
T
t
TALL | Short
Short | ShortTALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
T t
T
t
TALL | Short TALL | Short
T T
=
TALL | TALL
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
Short | ShortTALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
T t
T
t
TALL | Short TALL | Short
T T T t
=
TALL | TALL TALL | Short
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
Short | ShortTALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
T t
T
t
TALL | Short TALL | Short
T T T t
t T
=
TALL | TALL TALL | Short TALL | Short
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
Short | ShortTALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
T t
T
t
TALL | Short TALL | Short
T T T t
T t
=
TALL | TALL TALL | Short TALL | Short
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
Short | ShortTALL | TALL
TALL | Short TALL | Short
F1 Generation(first filial)
F2 Generation(second filial)
P Generation(parental generation)
PUNNETT SQUARE
T t
T
t
TALL | Short TALL | Short
75% TALL, 25% SHORT
T T T t
T t t t
=
Short | ShortTALL | TALL TALL | Short TALL | Short
DOMINANT TRAIT = TALL = TRECESSIVE TRAIT = Short = t
T = Yellow t = Green
T = Yellow t = Green