P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

s]m^. Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

k^¿ CkvlmJv A≥kmcn

auem\m auZq-Zn˛1\thm-∞m\ \mb-I≥

s]m^-k¿ Jp¿inZv Alva-Zn-s‚bpw k^¿ CkvlmJv A≥km-cn-bp-sSbpw kwbp‡ cN-\-bmWvaq∂p io¿j-I-ß-fn-embn hcpw t]Pp-I-fn¬ sImSp-°p-∂Xv. CXnse c≠mw teJ\w k^¿CkvlmJv A≥kmcn 1976 G]n-en¬, Ckvem-anIv Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v bqtdm∏v kwL-Sn-∏n® A¥m-cmjvS Ckvem-anIv tIm¨^≥kn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n® ]_-‘-am-Wv. 1977 tabn¬, Ata-cn-°-bnseªqan-ßvS-Wn¬ apkvenw ÃpU‚ vkv Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ Hm^v Ata-cn° B‚ v I\-U-bpsS ]Xn-\©mw hm¿jn-I-Øn¬ Jp¿inZv AlvaZv Ah-X-cn-∏n® ]_-‘-am-Wv aq∂m-a-tØ-Xv. aq∂p `mK-ß-fp-sSbpw Xe-s°-´p-Iƒ R߃ \¬In-b-Xm-Wv. hnkvXm-c-`-bw-aqew ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°n-s°m-≠mWv CXv ChnsS ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tUmIvS¿ Jp¿inZv AlvaZv FUn‰v sNbvX"Ckvem-anIv t]¿kvs]-Iv‰ohvkv' F∂ KŸØn¬\n∂v CXp hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp X∂Xv: s]m^.]n. jmlp¬ laoZv.

Ccp-]-Xmw- \q-‰m-≠ns‚ Ccp [ph-߃apkvenw-tem-I-Øns‚ c≠p hyXykvXNnXßfmWv \¬Ip-∂-Xv. Cu \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-` -Øn¬ apkvenwIƒs]mXpsh Hcp ]Xn-Xm-h-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v an° apkvenw cmPy-ß-sfbpwsImtfm-Wn-b¬ i‡n-I-fmWv \nb-¥n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. Hmt´m-am≥ kmam-Py-am-Is´,hnkvar-Xn-bn-te°v XI¿∂p-ho-Wp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cß-s\, apkvenwtemIsØ cmjvSob ASn-a-Ø-Øn-te°pw kmº-ØnI ]cm-Xo-\-X-I-fn-te°pw _p≤n-]-chpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-amb \n›-em-h-ÿ-bn-te°pw X≈n-hn- p-sIm≠v temI-i-‡n-I-fpsS k¥p-en-XXzwHSp-hn¬ ]Sn-™m-dn-\-\p-Iq-e-ambn ]cn-W-an-®p. H∂mw temI-bp-≤-Øn-\p-apºv,apkvenwIƒ Hcp i‡n-bmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, bp≤m-\-¥cwAh¿ A][m\hpw A⁄m-X-hp-ambHc-h-ÿ-bn-te°v ]n¥-≈-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-XmbmWv ImWs∏´Xv. Ncn-X-Øn¬Ckvem-ans‚ A[ymbw Ah-km-\n-®p-sh∂pw Cu aßnb shfn®w ASp-Øp-Xs∂ Iqcncp´mbn amdp-sa∂pw Ckvem-ans‚ iXp-°ƒ hnNm-cn-®p. F∂m¬]n∂o-Svh∂ h¿j-ßfpw Zim_vZßfpw]q¿W-\miw ]h-Nn-®-h¿°v sX‰n-sb∂vsXfn-bn-®p. cmjvSobpw ss[j-Wn-Ihpwkmº-Øn -I -hp -amb B[n -] -Xy -߃sIm≠v \in-∏n-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hn[w i‡-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ B¥-cnIssNX-\y-sa∂v sXfn-b-°-s∏-´p. sNdp-Øp-\n¬∏v \thm-Ym-\-ambn amdn. Hgp-°ns‚ KXn amdn. apkvenwtemIw lrZ-b-th-Z-\-bpfhm-°p∂ ]e-Xpapƒs°m-≈p∂ps≠¶nepw, Gsd-°psd ]Xo-£-

\¬Ip∂ Hcp NnX-amWv Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ HSp-hn-esØ c≠p Zi-I-ß-fn¬ImgvN-sh-°p-∂-Xv. apkvenwtemIØns‚]e `mK-ß-fnepw \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ cmj-So-bm-Sn-a-Ø-Øns‚ Nß-e-Iƒ X-I¿°-s∏-´p. kmº-Øn-Im-[n-Im-c-Øn-ep≈]pXnb am‰-߃ apkvenwIƒ°\pIq-e-am-bn \oßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-cpsS ]iv\-߃°v ]cn-lm-c-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ ASp-Ø-Imew hsc apkvenwIsfamkva-c-i-‡n-°-Sn-a-s∏-Sp-Ønb a\p-jy-\n¿anX ]tXybim -kv X -ß-fn¬apkvenwIƒ ]I-S-amb \ncmi ]I-Sn-∏n®p XpS-ßn-bn- p-≠v. Hcp ]pXnb temI-I-a-Øn\pth≠n Ckvem-ans‚ B¥-cnIhn`-h-ßsfØs∂ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ h¿[n-®p-h-cp∂ BKlw C∂vkv]jvS-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂p-≠v. Ckvem-anI\thm-Ym-\-Øns‚ cmjvSo-bhpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw k¿Km-fl-I-hp-amb _ln¿ ]I-S-\-ß-fpsS ]n∂n¬Ime-Øns‚ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ°pw ]iv\-߃°pw Ckvem-anI ]cn-lmcw tXSm-\p≈ Bthiw kv]jvS -am -Wv .apkvenwIƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ ]iv\-ßfpw Ah¿ t\cn-Sp∂ `oj-Wn-IfpwFÆ-a-‰-X-sX. F∂m-epw, Ah¿ Xß-fpsS \jvS-s∏´ ÿm\w Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\pw temI-Øns‚ ]p\x-kr-jvSn-bn¬Xß-fp-tS-Xmb ]¶v hln-°p-∂-Xn\pwInW-™p- ian°p-∂p. CXn¬ Hcp]pXnb Bfl-hn -izm -khpwDu¿PkzeXbpw Ah¿ ]I-Sn-∏n®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p F∂Xv XnI®pw Bim-h-l-amWv. Ign™ A≥]Xp h¿j-ß-fn¬ temI-Øns‚ hyXykvX `mK-ß-fn¬ Db¿∂p-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn -°p∂

Ckvem-anI \thm-Ym\ ]ÿm-\-ß-fn¬,Cu Bfl-hn-izm-khpw Du¿P-kz-e-Xbpw]Xn-^-en-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ apJy in¬]n-I-fn-sem-cmƒ hn\-bm-\zn-X-\mb Nn¥-I\pw kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI¿Ømhpw t\Xm-hp-am-b kønZvA_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn -bm-Ip-∂p.auem\m auZq-Zn-bpsS Nn¥-I-sbbpwAXns‚ ASn -ÿm-Øn¬ Db¿∂]ÿm-\-sØbpw Ia-]-Imcw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv Cu ]_-‘-Øns‚e£yw. At±-l-Øns‚ Bi-b-߃ icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb Hcp ]›m-Ø-e-ambn At±-l-Øns‚ kw£n]vX Poh-N-cnXw Bap-J-ambn \¬Ip-I-bm-Wv.Poh-N-cnXw

C¥y-bnse ]pcm-X\ \m´pcmPy-ambsslZ-cm-_m-Zn¬s]´ Hudw-Km-_mZv F∂sNdp-]-´-W-Øn¬ lnPvd h¿jw 1321dP_v 3˛mw XnbXn (In-kvXp-h¿jw 1903,sk]v‰w-_¿ 25˛mw Xnb-Xn) A_p¬AAvem auZqZn `qPm-X-\m-bn. Hcp BZ-c-Wob IpSpw-_-Øn¬s]´ At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXr-]-c-ºc ]hm-N-I-\n-se-Øp-∂-Xmbn Poh-N-cn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ Is≠-Øn-bn-´p -≠v. Zo¿L-Im-esØ Bflobss]Xr-I-ap≈ Hcp IpSpw-_-amWv auZq-Zn-bp-tS-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ ]q¿hn-I¿]ecpw Adn-b-∏-Sp∂ kq^n-h-cy-∑m-cm-bn-cp -∂p. kq^n hn`m -K -Ønse]ikvX\mb t\Xmhv JzmPm JpØp-_p-±o≥ auZqZv (lnPvd 527˛¬ acn-®p) Ah-cn-sem-cm-f-sX. auZq-Zn-bpsS ]q¿hn-I-¿lnPvd 9˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-tØm-sS-bmWv Nnjv-Øn¬\n∂pw C¥y≥ D]-`q-J-fi-Øn-te°v IpSn-tb-dn-b-Xv. Cßs\

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

BZyw h∂ BfpsS t]cpw A_p¬AAvem auZqZn (lnPvd 935˛¬ acn®p)F∂m-bn-cp-∂p.

auZq-Zn-bpsS ]nXmhv Alva-Zvl-k≥InkvXph¿jw 1855˛¬ P\n-®p. DtZym-Kw-sIm≠v h°o¬ Bbn-cp∂ At±lw aX-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ \njvT-bp≈ Hcp `‡-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AlvaZv lks‚ aq∂p a°-fn¬ G‰hpw Cfb Bfm-bn-cp∂p auZq-Zn. ]mY-anI hnZym-`ymkw ho´n¬sh®p]q¿Øn-bm-°nb auZq-Zn, "aZ-km- u-Jm-\nbm' F∂ sslkvIq-fn¬ tN¿∂p.ChnsS B[p-\nI ]m›mXy hnZym-`ym-khpw ]c-º-cm-KX Ckvem-anI hnZym- ym-khpw H∂n®p \¬I-s∏-´n -cp -∂p.sslkvIqƒ hnZym- ymkw hnP-b-I-c-ambn]q¿Øn-bm°n sslZ-cm-_mZv Zmdp¬ Deq-an¬ D∂X hnZym- ymkw \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-tºmƒ At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXmhvtcmK-_m-[n-X-\m-hp-I-bpw XpS¿∂v ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C°m-c-W-ØmƒauZq-Zn°v Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym-`ymkwX¬°m-e-tØ°v \n¿tØ≠nh∂p.F∂m¬, Xm≥ \S-Ønb ]T-\-߃ XpS-cp-∂-Xn\v CXv XS- -am-bn-√.1920˛I-fpsSBcw- -tØmsS, A_p¬ AAvem amXr-`m-j-bmb D¿Zp-hn\p ]pd-sa, Ad-_n,t]¿jy≥, Cw•ojv F∂o `mj-I-fn¬]mhoWyw t\Sn. CXv, X\n°p ]nb-s∏´ hnj-b-߃ kz¥w \ne-bn¬]Tn°p∂Xn\v At±-lsØ klm-bn-®p.Cß-s\, At±lw ]Tn® hn⁄m-\-Øn¬ qcn- m-Khpw kz¥w ]cn-i-a-Øm¬t\Sn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw, Ipd-®p-ImewtbmKy-cmb ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS ASp-Øp-\n∂v hyh-ÿm-]n-X-amb coXn-bnepwAt±-l-Øn\v am¿K-\n¿tZiw e`n-®n-´p-≠v. Aßs\ At±lØns‚ _p≤n-]c-ambh-f¿® an°-hmdpw kz]-cn-i-a-Øn-s‚bpw Kpcp -°-∑m-cn¬\n∂v e`n®t]m’m-l-\-Øn-s‚bpw e-am-bn-cp-∂p.At±-l-Øns‚ amXm-]n -Xm-°-fpsS`‡nbpw a°sf icn-bmb coXn-bn¬hf¿Øns°m≠ph-cp-∂-Xn-ep≈ i-≤bpw At±-l-Øn¬ [¿a-\n-jvTbpwPohnX hnip-≤nbpw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-Øp.

Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym- ymkw XS- -s∏-´-Xn\p tijw auZqZn D]-Po-h-\m¿Yw]X-]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°p Xncn-™p.1918˛¬ At±lw Hcp D¿Zp ]X-Øn-se-gp-Xp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂p. 1920˛¬ shdpw 17hb- p-amXw ]mb-ap-≈-t∏mƒ a[y-]-tZ-inse P_¬]qcn¬\n∂pw ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ "XmPn's‚ FUn‰¿ Bbn At±lw\nb-an-°-s∏-´p. 1920 Ah-km-\-tØm-sS,auZqZn U¬ln-bn-seØn, "apkvenw' F∂]X-Øns‚ ]Xm[n-]-ÿm\w (1921˛23)kzoI-cn-®p. ]n∂oSv 1925 apX¬ 28 hsc,"A¬ PwC-øØv' F∂ ]X-Øns‚FUn-‰¿ Bbn At±lw tkh-\-a-\p-jvTn-

®p. Cu c≠p ]X-ßfpw Ckvem-anI]finX kwL-S-\-bmb PwC-ø-Øv- -F- -D-e-a- -F- -ln-µns‚ Pnlz-bmbncp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ ]Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn\p Iogn¬"PwC-øØv' C¥y≥ apkvenw-I-fpsSG‰hpw ]apJ ]Xambn amdn.

1920˛¬ auZq-Zn, cmjvSo-b-Øn¬Xm¬]-cy-sa-Sp-°m≥ XpS-ßn. At±lwJnem -^Øv ]km-Ym -\ -Øn¬]h¿Øn°pIbpw XpS¿∂v A∂sØHcp cl-ky-kw-L-S-\-bn¬ tNcp-IbpwsNbvXp. F∂m¬, Xma -kn -bmsXAØcw kwL-S-\-I-fn¬ At±lØn\vhnizmkw \jvS-s∏- p. C°m-eØv C¥y-bnse _n´ojv `c -W-tØm-Sp≈FXn¿∏p ImcWw apkvenw-I-sfm-∂-S-¶w,A^vKm-\n -ÿm-\n -te°v IpSntbdn -∏m¿°Ww F∂v hmZn® "Xlvco°nlnPvdØv' F∂ kwL-S-\-bp-ambnAt±lw _‘-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.- F-∂m¬,]ÿm-\-Øns‚ \b-ßfpw e£y-ßfpwbmYm¿Yym-[n-jvTn-Xhpw Bkq-Xn-X-hp-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ At±-l-Øns‚ \n¿_-‘-Øn\v B kwL-S-\-bpsS t\Xm-°ƒhg-ßn-bn-√. X∑qew Ah-cn¬\n∂pwAt±lw AI-∂p. ]n∂oSv At±-lw -]-T\˛K-th-j-W-ß-fnepw ]X-]-h¿Ø-\-cw-KØpw IqSp-X-embn Xm¬]-cy-sa-Sp-Øp.

1920˛28 ImeØv auZqZn \mep]pkvX-I-߃ ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn. H∂vAd-_n-bn¬\n∂pw aqs∂Æw Cw•o-jn¬\n-∂pw. Cu ImeØv Xs‚ ]apJIrXn-I-fn-sem-∂mb- "-A¬- -Pn-lmZp n¬Ckvem-w' ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v D]-`q-J-fi-Øns‚ ssh⁄m-\nI Pohn-X-Øn¬ kz¥w hy‡n-apZ ]Xn-∏n-°m-\pwAt±-l-Øn\p Ign-™p. bp≤-sØbpwkam-[m-sØbpw Ipdn® Ckvem-anI \nb-\-߃ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂ Hcp B[n-Im-cnIKŸ-am-Wn-Xv. 1927˛¬ "A¬ PwC-ø-Øn'¬ Jfi»x ]kn-≤o-I-cn® CuIrXn 1930˛¬ ]pkvX-I-am°n Cd-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu KŸsØ ]kn≤Ihnbpw Zm¿i-\n-I-\p-amb A√mam apl-ΩZv CJv_mepw Jnem-^Øv ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ t\Xm-hmb auem\m apl-Ω-ZenPuldpw ap‡-IWvTw ]iw-kn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. 1920˛I-fn-se-gp-Xn-b-Xm-sW-¶nepw,Cu KŸw Ct∏mgpw BZ-c-thmsS hmbn-°-s∏-Sp∂ At±-l-Øns‚ ]apJ IrXn-I-fn¬s∏-Sp-∂p.

1928˛¬ "A¬ PC-øØn'¬ \n∂pwcmPn-sh® tijw auZqZn sslZ-cm-_m-Zn-te°v t]mbn; AhnsS Kthj-W-ØnepwFgp-Ønepw apgp-In. 1933˛¬ BWvAt±lw "X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥' F∂amkn-I-bpsS FUn-‰¿ Bb-Xv. auZq-Zn-bpsS Bi-b-߃ apJy-ambpw P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-bXv Cu amkn-I-bn-eq-sS-bm-Ip-∂p.Hmtcm amkhpw At±lw cNn® hf-sc-

b-[nIw I\-s∏´ teJ-\-߃ ]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn. ]mcw-`-Øn¬, Ckvem-anIXXz-ßfpw aqey-ßfpw Bi-b-ß-fpw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv A±lw i≤ tIµo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. kam-Im-eo\ ]m›m-Xy≥Bi-b-ßfpw Ckvem-anImi-b-ßfpwXΩn¬ kwL-´-\-ap-≠m-hp∂ ]iv\-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bm-Wv, At±lw IqSp-X¬ Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. AXp-t]m-se, B[p-\nI temIwA`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]e]iv\-߃°p-ap≈ Ckvem-anI ]cn-lm-c-߃ At±lw AhXcn∏n-®p. ]m›mXytemI-Øn-s‚bpw apkvenw temI-Øn-s‚bpw A\p-`-h-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬Cu ]iv\-ßsf ]Tn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb Hcp]pXnb coXn-imkvXw At±lw hnI-kn-∏n-s®SpØp. ta¬]-d™ ]iv\-ß-fpsSD≈-S-°-hpw hym]vXnbpw IW-°n-se-SpØv Ahsb Jp¿-B-s‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw shfn-®-Øn¬ hne-bn-cp-ØpIF∂-XmWv At±lw hnI-kn-∏n-s®-SpØcoXn-im-kvX-Øns‚ ImX¬. ]mfin-Xyhpw Ah-Km-l-hp-ap≈ At±-l-Øns‚cN-\-Iƒ Jp¿-B-s‚bpw kp∂-Øn-s‚bpw ]m[m-\y-sØ-∏‰n Dƒ°m-gvNbpw]m›mXy Nn¥-tbmSpw Ncn-X-tØmSpwhna¿i-\m-flI kao-]-\hpw ]I-Sn∏n-®p.CsXm-s°, At±-l-Øns‚ kao-]-\sØ]pXp-a-bp-≈-Xm-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ktµ-i-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ ]Nm-c-ta-Ip-IbpwsNbvXp.

ap∏-Xp-I-fpsS a[y-Øn¬, C¥y≥apkvenw-Iƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn® ][m-\-s∏´cmjvSo-b, kmwkvIm-cnI ]iv\-ß-sf-∏‰nauZqZn Fgp-Xn. k¶p-NnX cmjvSo-b- -km-ºØnI Xm¬]-cy-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e√ At±lw ]iv\-ßsf t\m°n-°-≠-Xv. adn®v Ahsb Ckvem-anI ]cn-t]-£y-Øn-eqsS At±lw ]cn-tim-[n-®p.apkvenwIfpsS lrZ-b-a-kvXn-jvI-ßsfhio-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ]pØ≥BZ¿i-ßsf \nin-X-ambn hna¿in-®p-sIm≠v Ah-bpsS s]m≈-Øcw At±lwshfn-®-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂p. Cu kµ¿`-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ kq£va i≤-bm-I-¿jn® Hcm-i-b-am-bn-cp∂p tZio-b-X.auZqZn tZio-b-X-bp-sS- B-]¬°-c-ambkm[y-X-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw AsX-ßs\Ckvem-anImi-b-ß-fp-ambn s]mcpØ-s∏-Sp-∂n√ F∂-Xn-s\-∏-‰nbpw hni-Zo-I-cnN-®p. C¥y≥ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ tZio-b-X,apkvenw-I-fpsS kmaq-lnI hy‡n-Xz-Øn\v GXp-hn[w lm\n-I-c-am-hp-sa∂vDu∂n-∏-d-™p. CXn-\nsS Zm¿i\nIIhn-bmb CJv_m-ens‚ £Ww kzoI-cn®v At±lw sslZ-cm-_mZv hn´p ]©m-_ns‚ Ing-°p- m-K-Øp≈ ]Tm≥ tIm´n-te°v Xmakw amdn. CJv_m-ens‚ kl-I-c-W-tØm-sS, AhnsS ""Zmdp¬ Ckvem-w'' F∂ Hcp tIµw ÿm]n-®p. Ckvem-

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

ans\-∏‰n ]apJ KŸ-ß-sf-gp-Xm\pwCkvem-anI \nb-a-ß-fpsS ]p\x-tIm-Uo-I-cWw \S-Øm\pw tbmKy-X-bp≈ ]fin-X-∑msc hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂pCu tIµ-Øns‚ apJy-amb e£yw.

1940˛HmSp IqSn auZqZn IqSp-X¬ ka-Khpw hym]-I-hp-amb Hcp ]ÿm-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥-Iƒ°v cq]w \¬In.CXp Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an F∂ t]cn¬Hcp kwL-S\ cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn-te°vAt±-lsØ \bn-®p. Pam-AsØ Ckvem-anbpsS ÿm]-I-\mb auZqZn AXns‚A[y£ ÿm\-tØ°v sXc-s™-Sp°s∏Sp-Ibpw 1972 hsc B ]Z-hn-bn¬XpS -cp -Ibpw sNbvXp. 1972˛¬A\mtcymKyw \nanØw B DØ-c-hm-ZnØw At±lsamgn-™p.

1947˛¬ C¥y-,- ]m-°nÿm≥ F∂oc≠p kzX¥ cmjvS-߃ D]-`q-J-fi-Øn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏- -t∏mƒ Pam-A-Øv,C¥y≥ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an, ]m°n-ÿm≥ Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an F∂n-ßs\ c≠mbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´p. 1947HmKÃv apX¬ auZqZn ]m°n-ÿm-\n¬Xma-k-am-°n. AhnsS Hcp bYm¿YCkvem-anI cmjvShpw kaq-lhpwÿm]n-°m≥ At±lw bXv\n-®p. Cue£yw ap≥\n¿Øn-s°m≠v, Ckvem-anIPohn-X-Øns‚ hnti-jn®pw AXns‚kmaq-lnI cmjvSo-b-h-i-ß-fpsS ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v [mcmfw cN-\-Iƒ auZqZn \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ckvem-anI PohnX Ia-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈At±-l-Øns‚ BKlw ]m°n-ÿm-\n¬amdn -amdn h∂p -sIm -≠n -cn -°p∂Kh¨sa‚p -I -fpsS \b-ßsfFXn¿°m≥ auZq-Znsb t]cn-∏n-®p. Imc-Ww, A[nIm-c-Øn-en-cp-∂-h¿, ]m°n-ÿm-s\ Hcp bYm¿Y Ckvem-anI cmjvS-am-°m≥ ]cn-i-an-®n-cp-∂n-√. I¿i-\-ambASn-®-a¿Ø¬ \S-]-Sn-I-fp-am-bn- mWv c-W-I¿Øm°ƒ ]Xn-I-cn-®-Xv. auZqZnho≠pw ho≠pw AdÃp sNø-s∏-Sp-IbpwI¬Øp-d-¶n-e-S-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.IjvS-∏m-Sn-s‚bpw ]oU-\-Øn-s‚bpw Cuh¿j-ß-fn¬ auZqZn Xs‚ ]Xn-tbm-Kn-I-f-S°w F√m-h-cnepw kz¥w COm-i‡n sIm≠pw \n›-b-Zm¿Vyw-sIm≠pwkZr-iy-amb a‰p khn-tij KpW-߃sIm≠pw aXn-∏p-f-hm-°n. 1953˛¬JmZn-bm\n ]iv\sØ∏‰n ]t£m- -P-\-I-amb Hcp eLp-teJ Fgp-Xn-sb∂t]cn¬ ]´m-f-\n-b-a-tIm-SXn At±-lsØac-W-in-£°v hn[n-®p. Hcp Zbm-l¿Pnka¿∏n-°m-\p≈ t]c-W-Isf apgp-h≥ZrV\n›--tØmsS At±lw X≈n-°-f-™p. Xs∂ A\ym-b-ambn Xq°n-en-Sphm≥ BK-ln-®h-tcmSv Zb tNmZn-°p-∂-Xn-t\°mƒ ac-W-amWv Xm\n-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂t±lw ]d-™p. Pohn-Xhpw ac-

Whpw ssZh-l-kvX-ß-fn-emWv IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂-sX∂ AN-©-e-amb hnizm-k-tØm-sS, kz¥w ]pX-t\mSpw kl-]-h¿Ø-I-tcmSpw At±lw ]d™p: ""Fs‚ac-W-k-abw h∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn¬\n∂pFs∂ AI-‰m≥ B¿°pw Ign-bn-√.AXp-h-∂n- n-s√-¶n-em-Is´ Fs∂ Xq°p-a-c-Øn-te-°-b-°m≥ Xe-Ip-Øn-a-dn-™m-epw Ah¿°v km[n-°p-I-bn-√!'' At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw Zbm-l¿Pn\¬In-bn-√. At±-l-Øns‚ Cu a\-ssÿcyw Kh¨sa‚ns\ A¬`p-X-s∏-Sp-Øn. i‡-amb s]mXp-P\ kΩ¿Z-Øn\p hgßn ac-Win£, Poh-]-cy-¥-ambn Ipd-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

auem\m auZqZn Adp -]Xph¿jsØ s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øn-\n-S-bn¬\q‰n-cp-]-Xn¬]cw ]pkvX-I-ßfpw eLp-te-J-Ifpw Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≠v. At±lw \S-Ønb Bbn-c-Øn¬]cw hcp∂ ]kw-K-߃ ]X-]-kvXm-h-\-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn¬\n∂v Npcp-ßn-bXv 700 FÆw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

auZq-Zn-bpsS XqenI _lp-apJkn≤n-I-fp-I-≈Xpw i‡n-bp-‰-Xp-a-sX.At±lw ssIImcyw sNbvX hnj-b-߃\nc-h-[n-bm-Wv. Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-\w,lZo-kv, \nb-aw, Z¿i-\w, NcnXw XpS-ßnb F√m hnj-b-ßfpw At±lØns‚i≤-bm-I¿jn-®n-´p-≠v. cmjvSo-bhpwkmº-Øn-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hpw ssZh-im-kvX-]-chpw a‰p-ambFÆ-a‰ ]iv\-߃ At±lw N¿®sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Chsb kw_-‘n-s®-√m-ap≈ Ckvem-ans‚ hn[n At±lw ]d-™n-´p-≠v. F√m ]T-\-˛-K-th-jW taJ-e-Ifn-ep≈ Ckvem-anI kao-]-\-Øns‚ASn-ÿm-\-߃ Hcp kvs]j-en-Ãns‚ssien IqSmsX Xs∂ auZqZn hni-Zo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. F¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ apJy-kw-`m-h-\, Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-\-Øn-s‚bpw [¿a-im-kvX-Øn-s‚bpw kmaqly]T-\-ß-fp-sSbpw A¥m-cmjvS Ckvem-anI \thm-Ym\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂]iv\-ß-fp-sSbpw taJ-e-I-fn-em-Wv.

auZq-Zn-bpsS G‰hpw alØmbIrXn D¿Zp-hn-ep≈ sFXn-lm-kn-I-ambJp¿-B≥ X vko¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. X vlo-ap¬ Jp¿-B≥. Cu KŸw ]q¿Øo-bm-°m≥ At±lw ap∏Xp h¿j-߃ sNe-h-gn-®p. Jp¿B\ns‚ A¿Yhpw ktµ-ihpw C∂sØ P\-ß-fpsS a\- p-I-fn-te°v B≠n-d-ßp∂ Hcp ssien-bn¬Ah-X-cn-∏n®p F∂-XmWv CXns‚ khn-ti-j-X. hy‡n-]-chpw kmaqlnI-hp-ambXe-ß-en¬ a\p-jy¿ Znt\-b-`nap-Jo-Icn-°p∂ ]iv\-ß-fpsS ]cn-lm-c-Øn¬Jp¿ -Bs‚ k¿h-Ime ]k‡nAt±lw shfn-hm-°p-∂p F∂-Xm-Wvas‰mcp khn-ti-j-X. B[p-\nI D¿Zp-

hn¬ EPphpw i‡-hp-amb `mj-bn¬At±lw Jp¿B≥ ]cn- m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Jp¿-B-\ns‚ km[m-cW B[n-Im-cnI ]cn- m-j-I-tf-°mƒ Hgp-°p-≈Xpwkc-f-hp-amWv X^vlow. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-\m-h-iy-amb Hcp am¿K-\n¿tZi KŸ-sa∂ \ne-bnepw B am¿K-\n¿tZiwPohn-X-Øn¬ \S-∏n-em-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂Hcp ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ hgn-Im-´n-bm-bn-´pamWv At±lw Jp¿-B-\ns\ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. Jp¿B\ns‚ kºq¿Wktµ-i-Øns‚ shfn -® -ØnemWvJp¿B≥ kq‡-߃°-t±lwhymJym\w \¬Ip-∂-Xv. Cu D]- q-J-fi-Ønse ka-Im-eo\ Ckvem-anI Nn¥m-k-c-Wn-bnepw a‰p mj-I-fn-ep≈ ]cn-`m-j-I-fn-eqsS hntZ-iØpw Zqc-hym-]I e-ß-fp-f-hm-°nb Hcp al-ZvK-Ÿ-amWvX vlow.

At±lw ÿm]n® Pam-AsØCkvem-an sI´p-d-∏p≈ Hcp aX- -cm-jvSobkwL-S-\-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ F√m hn`m-K-ß-fnep-≈ P\-ß-sf-bpw, hnti-jn®v D]-`q-J-fiØ-nse _p≤n-Po-hn-I-sfbpw bph-P-\-sßbpw i‡ambn kzm[o-\n-®n- -p≠v.

Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an F∂ kwL-S-\-bn¬s∏-´-h-cn¬ ]cn-an-X-a√ auZq-Zn-bpsS kzm[o-\w. I£n-I-fp-sSbpw kwL-S -\ -IfpsSbpw ]cn -[n -Iƒhn´ v Bkzm[o\w C-¥ym- -]mIv D]- q-J-fi-Øn-\-∏pdw t]mIp∂p. temIsغmSp-ap≈apkvenw-Iƒ°v ]nXrXpey-\mb Hcpt\Xm-hmWv C∂-t±-lw. Hcp ]fin-X\pwFgp-Øp-Im-c-\p-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ C∂v G‰-hp-a-[nIw hmbn-°-s∏-Sp∂ apkvenw-KŸ-Im-c≥ At±-l-am-Wv. Ad-_n, Cw•o-jv, S¿°n-jv, t]¿jy≥, ^©v, P¿a≥,lnµn, kzmlnen XpSßn an° temI-`m-j-I-fn-te°pw At±-l-Øns‚ IrXn-Iƒ`mjm-¥cw sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. a‰-t\Iw`mj-I-fn-te°v C∂pw ]cn- mj sNø-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. 1956˛74 Ime-L-´-Øn¬ At±lw \S-Ønb ]cy-S-\-߃temI-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn-ep≈apkvenw-Iƒ°v At±-lsØ hy‡n-]-c-ambn ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw At±-l-Øns‚]e-Kp-W-ßfpw t\cn¬ t_m[y-s∏-Sm\pwAh-kcw \¬In. B bmX-Iƒ auZq-Zn°v Xs∂bpw IqSp-X¬ Adnhp \¬In.Pohn-X-Øns‚ hyXykvX hi-ß-sf∏‰n]Tn-°m\pw temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-K-ß-fn-ep≈ AkwJyw P\-ßsf ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sm\pw At±-l-Øn\v kuIcyw In´n.Cu bmX-°n-S-bn¬ sIbvtdm, Uam-kvI-kv , AΩm≥, a°, aZo -\, Pn±,IpsshØv, d_m-Øv, CkvXw-_qƒ,e≠≥, \yqtbm¿°v, sSmdt≠m XpSßnAt\Iw A¥m-cmjvS tIµ-ß-fn¬At±lw ]`m-jWw \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn.CtX Ime-b-f-hn¬ GI-tZiw ]Øp

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

A¥m-cmjvS tIm -^≥kp-I-fn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1959˛60 ¬ kuZnAtd -_y, Pdq -i -tew Dƒs]-Sp∂tPm¿Zm≥, kndn-b, CuPn-]vXv F∂o \mSp-I-fn¬ Hcp ]T-\-bm-Xbpw At±lw \S-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Jp¿-B-\n¬ ]cm-ar-jvS-amb ÿe-ß-fpsS `qanimkvX-]-c-amb]tXy-I-X-Iƒ a\- n-em-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂pCu bmX-bpsS e£yw. aZo-\-bnseCkvem-anIv bq\n-th-gvkn-‰n-bpsS ÿm]-\-Øn-\p-th≠n \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏´ D]-tZ-iI kan-Xn-bn¬ At±lw AwK-am-bn-cp-∂p. B k¿h-I-em-im-e, 1962˛¬ cq]o-Ir-X-am-bXp apX¬ AXns‚ A°m-Z-anIvIu¨kn¬ saº¿ IqSn-bmWv At±-lw.a°-bnse dm_n-A-Øp¬ Be-an¬Ckvem-an-ø-bpsS ÿm]I kan-Xn-bnepwaZo-\-bnse Ckvem-anI \nba Kth-jWA°m-Z-an-bnepw At±lw AwK-am-Wv.Npcp-°-Øn¬, temIapkvenw-Iƒ°v ,]tNm-Z-\-Øns‚ Hcp tKm]p-c-amWv At±-lw. A\m-tcmKyw \nanØw At±-l-Øns‚ Du¿P-kz-eX ]cn-an-X-s∏-´p-sh-¶nepw lnam-ebw Gjy-bpsS Imem-h-ÿ-sb-bpw B¬]vkv bqtdm-∏ns‚ Imem-h-ÿ-sbbpw kzm[o-\n-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-se,auZq-Zn-bpsS Nn¥-Iƒ apkvenw- a\- p-I-fpsS Imem-h-ÿsb kzm[o-\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p.

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

auem\m auZq-Zn˛2

ka-K-amb aX-Z¿i\w

auem\m auZq-Zn-bpsS aX-Z¿i\w XpS-ß-∂Xv At±lØns‚ ssZhsØkw_‘n® ImgvN∏mSn¬\n∂mWv. AXvXs‚ kz¥-amb ImgvN-∏m-Sm-sW∂vAt±lw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. F¶n-epw,Cub-SpØ Ime-sØßpw, B ImgvN∏mSva‰mcpw At±-lsØt∏mse Du∂n-∏-d-™n-´n-√. AXmWv ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®v bYm¿Yhpw auen-I-hp-amb ImgvN-∏m-sS∂pw F√m ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw hni-Zo-I-cn-®-Xn-]-Im-c-am-sW∂pw At±lwhy‡-am-°p-∂p. ""A√mlp HgnsIas‰mcp ssZh-an√'' F∂ ssZh-Øns‚GI-Xz-]-Jym-]-\w, AXv ]Y-a-i-h-W-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-°p∂ Bi-b-tØ-°mƒhf-sc-b-[nIw Imcy-߃ DƒsIm-≈p-∂-Xm-sW∂v At±lw ]d-bp-∂p. kjvSm-sh∂ \ne-bnepw Bc-[-\m-]m-X-sa∂\ne-bnepw A√mlp GI-\mWv F∂vamXa-√, ]kvXpX hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw.bP-am-\≥, ]c-am-[n-Im-cn, \mY≥, \nb-a-Zm-Xmhv F∂o \ne-I-fn-se-√m-ap≈ A√m-lp-hns‚ AZznXo-b-X-IqSn B hmIywkqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. ASnÿm\]-c-ambnssZh-Øn\v amX-ta, I¬]-\- \¬Im≥A[n-Im-c-ap-≈q. \ncp-]m-[n-I-amb tkh-\hpw A\p-k-c-Whpw a\p-jys‚ ]q¿W-amb hnt[-b-Xzhpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sm≥A√m-lp-hn\p amXta Ah-Im-i-ap-≈q.a\p-jy-h¿K-Øns‚ kjvSm-sh∂ \ne-bn¬, a\p-jy-tcmSv krjvSn-bpsS bYm¿Ye£y-sa-s¥∂v ]d-bm\pw AXn-se-Øm-\p≈ hgn ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°m\pw A√m-lp-hnt\ A[n-Im-c-ap-≈q. AXn-\m¬ta¬]-d-™, Ckvem-ans‚ hnizm-k-]-Jym-]\w Hcp [m¿anI ]Jym-]-\-am-Wv.a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ Aÿn-Xz-Øn-emsI \ncp-]m-[n-I-amb tkh-\hpw A\pk-c-WhpwBcm-[-\bpw A¿∏-Whpw A√m-lp-hn\p\¬In-sIm≠v Ah-t\mSp ]Xn-I-cn-°m-\p≈ Hcp Blzm-\-am-W-Xv. A√m-lp-hn-\p≈ Cu ]cn-]q¿W ka¿∏-W-Øns‚t]cmWv Ckvem-w (Ckvem-w F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw Xs∂ ka¿∏-Ww, hnt[-bXzw Fs∂m-s°-bm-Wv) F∂v auZqZnDu∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. ]]©w apgp -h≥apkven-amWv AYhm ssZh-Øn∂pka¿∏n-°-s∏-´- A-hÿbnem-Wv. Imc-Ww, ssZhw \n›-bn® ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn-®mWv ]]©w \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-

Xv. ]]-©-Ønse a\p-jy-\-√mØ F√mhkvXp -°fpw a\p -jy -\n¬ Xs∂Ahs‚ \nb-¥-W-Øn-\-Xo-X-amb ssPh-] -Xn -`m -k-ßfpw ssZh-Øn∂pka¿∏Ww (Ckvem-w) sNbvXn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. a‰p Poh-Pm-e-߃°n-S-bn¬ a\p-jy-\p≈ ÿm\w AXpey-am-Wv. Imc-Ww,Ah\v kzX-t¥-Obpw [m¿anI ho£-Whpw a‰p khntij-X-I-tfm-sSm∏wssZhw \¬In -bn -´p -≠v . Ah\pssZhsØ tkhn-°p-Itbm [n°-cn-°p-Itbm sNømw. AXn-\m¬, ssZh-tk-h\w sIm≠v Ckvem-w A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xvkzta-[-bm-bp≈ tkh-\w, AXmbXvssZh-Øns‚ I¬]-\-Iƒ°pw \n¿tZ-i-߃°pw ]q¿W a\-t m-sS-bp≈ Iogvh-W-°-am-Ip-∂p.

Cu ssZh-k-¶¬]w˛ AXmbXv ]c-am-[n-Im-cnbpw \nb-a-Zm-Xmhpw Ah≥amX-am-sW∂ Du∂-tem-Sp-Iq-Snb ssZhn-I-k-¶¬]w˛ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-X-Xz-߃ hy‡-am°nØcp∂p.ssZhnI \n¿tZ-i-߃°p hncp-≤-ambF√m \nb-a-ßfpw BNm-c-ßfpw \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßfpw X≈n-°-f-tb-≠-Xm-Wv.ssZhnI am¿K-\n¿tZ-isØ Ah-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v sX‰pw icnbpw \n¿Wbn-°m≥a\p-jy-\v AXv Hcp hy‡ntbm Hcp kaq-ltam cmjvStam a\p-jy-h¿K-am-sItbmBh-s´˛ Ah-Im-i-aps≠∂v hmZn-°p∂F√m XXz-ßfpw kn≤m-¥-ßfpw ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-csØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h-bmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-S-Ww. B \ne°vAh km£m¬ GI ssZh-Øn\p ]pd-sa, a‰p ssZh-ßsf ÿm]n-°p-∂-h-bp-am-Ip-∂p. ssZh-Øn-\p≈ ka¿∏WwF∂m¬ a\p-jys‚ apgpPohn-XhpwssZhw shfn-]m-Sp-I-fn-eqsS shfn-hm-°n-Ø∂ Ahs‚ CObv°p A\p-kr-X-am-°pI F∂m-W¿Yw.

a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-bm-Wv; B \ne°v ssZhsØ tkhn-°m\pwA\p-k-cn-°m\pw IS-s∏- -h-\m-Wv. amX-a-√, Jp¿-\ns‚ `mj-bn¬ ssZhw a\p-jy\v qan-bnse Ahs‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-sb∂AXpey ]Z-hnbpw \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p.Hmtcm a\p-jy\pw ssZh-Øn¬-\n∂v Cu]mXn-\n[y Npa-Xe Gs‰-Sp-Øn-´p-≈-hcpw B \ne°v A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ DØcw]d-tb-≠-h-\p-am-Wv. temI-Ønse ka-

kvX-hy-h-lm-c-ßfpw ssZh-\n¿tZ-i-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v \S-∏n-em-°m\pw ssZhw a\p-jy\v I\n-™p \¬Inb F√m Ign-hp-Ifpw ssZhw \n›-bn® ]cn-[n-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ \n∂p-sIm-≠p-]-tbm-Kn-°m\pwssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-sb∂ \nebv°va\p-jy≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-Ip-∂p.

Chn-sS, Hcp tNmZyw Db-cp-∂p. Fß-s\-bmWv a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Øn\v Iogvh-W-tß-≠Xv? Xm≥ ]ment°≠ ssZh-Øns‚ I¬]-\-Ifpw \n¿tZ-i-ßfpwFß-s\-bmWh\v Adn-bm≥ km[n-°pI? CXn-\p≈ adp-]Sn ]hm-N-IXzkn≤m-¥-Øn¬\n∂v e`n-°pw. ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-c-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-hp-ambn D‰ _‘-ap≈ Hcp kn≤m-¥-am-W-Xv. ]hm-N-I-Xz-sØ-∏‰n Zo¿L-ambn]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v, auZq-Zn. am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-\m-bp≈ a\p-jys‚ \nXm-¥-ambBh-iy-tØm-Sp≈ ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-I-c-W-am-bn- mWv At±lw ]hm-N-I-XzsØImWp-∂-Xv. ]hm-N-I-Xz-sa-∂Xv a\p-jyh¿K-Øns‚ Bh-iy-am-b-Xp-sIm≠vAXv Hcp ]tXyI h¿K-Øn-t‚tbm ]tZ-i-Øn-t‚tbm amXw Ah-Im-i-a-√.BZna\p-jy≥ BZn-]-hm-N-I-\p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Jp¿B≥ ]Imcw temI-Øns‚F√m`mK-ß-fnepw ]hm-N-I¿ h∂n- p-≠v.Znhy-t_m-[\w F∂ Akm-[m-c-W-ambam¿K-Øn-eqsS Nne ASn-ÿm\ kXy-߃ shfn-s∏-´p In´n-b-h-cmWv ]hm-N-I¿. Ah a‰p≈-h¿°v FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m\pw kzbw ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°m\pwssZh-Øn-\p≈ ]q¿W ka¿∏W-Øn-te°v a\p-jysc hnfn-°m\pw Ah¿A\p-im-kn°s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]hm-N-Icpw Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw apkvenw-Iƒ (A-Yhm ssZh-Øn\p Iogvh-W-ßn-b-h¿) Bbn-cp -∂p. Ah¿ ]t_m-[\wsNbvX ssZhnI am¿K-\n¿tZiwAXns‚ A¥n-ahpw ]q¿W-hp-amb cq]-Øn¬ apl-ΩZv \_n(k)°v shfn-]m-Smbn \¬I-s∏-´p. At±-l-aXv a‰p-≈-h¿°v ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI amX-a√sNbvXXv; adn®v kzbw ]h¿Øn-]-Y-Øn¬ sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ Hcp kaq-l-Øn\p cq]w-\¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ssZhnI am¿K-\n¿tZiw AXns‚ X\-Xmb cq]-Øn¬Jp¿-B-\nepw apl-Ω-Zv\-_n(-k)bpsS

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

Ncy-bnepw Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂p.]mtbm-Kn-Im¿Y-Øn¬ ]d-bp-tºmƒ, apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS hc-hn-\vti-jw, ssZh-Øn-\p≈ ka¿∏-W-sa-∂m¬, Jp¿-B-\nepwkp∂-Ønepw Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏´ \S-]-Sn-®-´-߃ ]men-°p-hm-\p≈ iahpwk∂-≤-X-bp-am-Ip-∂p.

a\p-jyh¿K-Øn\v am¿K-Z¿i\w\¬IpI F∂-Xn-\p-]p-dsa a\p-jycpsSPohnXw ip≤o-I-cn-°m\pw qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°m\pw]hm-N-I¿ A\p-im-kn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p.F√m ]hm-N-Icpw CXp \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn\v i≤n-®p. hyXykvX \ne-bn¬Ah¿ A°m-cy-Øn¬ hnP-bw-h-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu ZuXyw ]hm-N-I-∑msc Xß-fpsS ImesØ A[n-Imci‡n-I-fp-am-bp≈ G‰p-ap- -ep-I-fn-te°p\bn-®p. ImcWw c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ ]c-am-[n-Imcw kz¥-am°n sh°p-∂-h-cm-Wv.]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ho£-W-Øn-em-Is´AXv ssZh-Øn\v amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xp-am-Wv. ssZhw Dt≠m C√tbm F∂Xvkw_-‘n-®m-bn-cp-∂n-√, ]hm-N-IcpwAh-cpsS P\-ßfpw, AYhm ]hm-N-Icpw Ah-cpsS `c-W-I¿Øm-°fpwXΩn¬ \ne-\n∂ X¿°w. ssZh-Øns‚AkvXnXzw kjvSm-sh∂ \ne-bn¬s]mXpsh kΩ-Xn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ X¿°w, Bcm-W-h-cpsS km£m¬`c-Wm-[n-Im-cn, bP-am-\≥? Bsc-bmWvAh¿ \nb-a-Zm-Xm-hmbn IW-°m-t°-≠Xv? BcpsS I¬]-\-I-fmWv ]men-t°-≠Xv F∂Xv kw_-‘n-®m-bncp-∂p. AXp-s]mse ]hm-N-I≥ ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-SpØ""C_m-ZØv'' tIhew ]m¿Y-\-Itfm Bc-[\m I¿a-ßtfm Bbn-cp-∂n-√. adn-®v,]c-a-amb hnt[-b-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw A\p-k-c -W-Øn -s‚bpw Ah-Im -in -bmbnssZhsØ AwKoI-cn-°epw Ahs‚CO°pw I¬]-\-°p-samØv Pohn-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤-X-bp-amWv C_m-Z-Øv.

ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn hyXym-k-ap≈]c-kv]c hncp-≤w-X-s∂-bmb c≠p-Xcwkao-]-\-߃ PohnX-tØm-Sp-s≠∂vauZqZn Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. H∂v, ssZhsØ]c-am-[n-Im-cnbpw \nb-a-Zm-Xm-hp-ambnAwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-t\mSv Zmk\pwASn-abp-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-°pI; c≠v,ssZhsØ \ntj-[n®pw [n°-cn-®pw-sIm-≠v, I¬∏n-°m\pw \nb-¥n-°m-\p-ap≈A[nImcw kzb-ta-s‰-Sp-°p-Itbm ssZh-a-√m-Ø-h¿°v hI-sh-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-ItbmsNøp-I.

]hmNI∑m¿ Cu c≠m-asØat\m- m-hsØ tNmZyw sNøp-Ibpw GI-ssZ-h-Øn\p hgßm≥ a\p-jysc £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. a\p-jy Pohn-X-Øn-∂m-bp≈ ]hm-NI \n¿tZ-isØ [n°-cn-°p∂ sX‰mb kao-]-\sØ auem\m

auZqZn ""Pmln-enø'' (A-⁄m\w F∂vZp¿_-e-amb ]cn-`m-j) F∂p hnfn-®p.Cßs\ hnfn-°m≥ ImcWw PohnXw\nb-¥n-°m-\m-h-iy-amb icn-bmb XXz-ßsf kw_-‘n® kXy-amb ⁄m\w]hm-N-I¿ a\p-jy¿°p ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-SpØ shfn-]m-Sp-I-fn-e-√msX as‰m-cn-SØpw e`y -a√ F∂-X-sX. C∂v""Pmlnenø'' hyXykvX cq]-ß-fnepw`mh-ß-fnepw At\Iw B¥-cnI sshhn-[y-ß-tfmsS \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. cq]wF¥m-bmepw AsXms° "Pmln-en-ø'Øpw Ckvem-an\v IS-I-hn-cp-≤hpwBsW∂v auZqZn ÿm]n-°p-∂p.

"Pmlnen'-ø-bpsS B[n-]Xyw Ah-km-\n-°mØ]£w Ckvemw bYm¿Yhpw]q¿W-hp-amb cq]-Øn¬ \ne-hn¬ hcn-I-bn-√. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ ]hm-N-IcpwAh-cpsS bYm¿Y A\p-bm-bn-Ifpw"Pmln-enø'bpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn-∂-dpXnhcp-Øm-\p≈ ia-Ø-n¬ hym]r-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. CXv Ah-cpsS ]cn-i-a-Øn\vhnπh kz`mhw \¬In.

auem\m auZqZn Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂as‰m-cp-Im-cyw, Jp¿-B-\nepw kp∂-Ønepw AS-ßn -bn -cn -°p∂ am¿K-\n¿tZiw a\p-jy-Po-hnXsØ ap®qSwNqgv∂p \n¬°p∂p-sh-∂m-Wv. CkvemwssZhhpw a\p-jy\pw XΩn-ep≈ kzIm-cy-_‘w amX-am-sW-t∂m, Ipsd AXn-`u-anI hnizm-k-ß-fpS kap-®bw amX-am-sW-t∂m, D≈ Bi-bsØ auZqZn\J-in-Jm¥w FXn¿°p-∂p. CkvemwHcp PohnX ]≤-Xn-bm-sW∂pw, Hcpkºq¿W PohnX ]≤-Xn-bm-sW∂pwAt±lw Bh¿Øn-®m-h¿Øn®v ImWnI-°p-∂p. hym]m-c-am-Is´ hyh-km-b-am-I-s´, k¿°m¿ Imcy -ß-fm -Is´A¥mcvjvS Imcy-ß-fm-I-s´, a\pjyPohn-X-Øns‚ Hcp taJ-ebpw Ckvem-ans‚ ]cn-[n-°-∏p-d-a-√. Hcp apkvenw,]≈n-bpsS \mep Npa-cp-Iƒ°p-≈n¬amXw ssZh-Øn\p Iogvh-W-ßn-bm¬t]m-cm; adn®v F√m ÿe-ß-fn-epw, F√m\mSp-I-fn-epw, ho´n-epw, sXcp-hn-epw, bp≤-°-f-Øn-epw, kvIqfp-I-fn-epw, tImtf-Pp-I-fn-epw, k¿h-I-em-im-e-I-fn-epw, kmº-ØnI tIµ-ß-fn-epw, F∂p-th-≠, F√m-bn-SØpw ssZh-Øn\p Iog-S-ßntb ]‰q.GXm\pw \n›nX Ncy-I-fn¬ ]cn-an-X-a√ Cuiz-c-tk-h. a\p-jys‚ PohnXwapgp-h≥ ssZh-Øn-\p≈ A¿∏Whpwtkh-\hpamh-Ww. ssZh-]oXn t\Sp-∂Xpw ssZhn-I-\n¿tZ-i-߃ ]men-°p-∂-Xp-amb Hmtcm am\pjnI ]h¿ØnbpwCuizcmcm-[-\bpw Cuizc tkh-bp-am-Wv.

ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i-\w, ssZh-Øns‚A\-¥-amb hn⁄m-\hpw hnth-IhpwImcp-Wyhpw D≈-S-ßn-b-Xm-I-bm¬

Ckvem-anI Pohn -X-co -Xn°p cq]w-\¬Ip∂ XXz-߃ DØ-ahpw Btcm-Ky-I-c-hp-a-sX. AXv \n¿an-Xamb F√m]ÿm-\-ß-sf-°mfpw FXtbm Db-c-Øn¬ anI®p\n¬°p-∂p. a\p-jy-[n-j-W°v Nne taJ-e-I-fn¬ al-Ømb t\ -߃ ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v.]IrXn imkvX-ß-fp-sSbpw kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bp-sSbpw taJ-e-Iƒ CXn-\p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. F∂m¬, a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-bpsShyXykvX hi-ß-tfmSv ]q¿W-ambpw\oXn ]men-°p-∂Xpw Ah\v kt¥mjw]Zm\w sNøp∂Xp-amb XXz-߃\¬Im≥ a\p-jy-[n-j-W°v ssZhnIam¿K-\n¿tZ-i-Øns‚ klm-b-an-√msXkm[y-a-√. a\pjy Ncn-X-Øns‚ HcpL´-Øn¬ e`y-amb ⁄m\-˛-hn-⁄m-\-ß-fpsS BI-Øp-Ibpw a\p-jy\v icn-bmb am¿K-Z¿i\w sImSp-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-a-√. Xs∂-bp-a-√, arKob hnIm-c-߃,kzm¿Y-tam-l-߃, ]e-Xcw ]£-]m-X-߃, k¶p-NnX Xm¬]-cy-߃ XpS-ßnbh a\p-jys‚ bp‡n-t_m-[sØXS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw ImgvN-∏m-Sns\ hnI-e-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂Xv ]iv\w IqSp-X¬ k¶o¿W-am-°pw. Cu Imc-W-ß-fm-emWv a\p-jy-bp‡n Ft∏mgpw c≠phyXykvX [ph-߃°n-S-bn¬ BSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]e ]iv\-ßsf kw_-‘n®pw a\p-jy≥ ssIsIm-≠n-´p≈\ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Cu Zzn[p-hX hy‡-am-Ipw. hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw Xm¬]-cy-߃, kvXo ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS hyXykvX ]Z-hn-Iƒ, sXmgn-em-fnbpw apX-em-fnbpw XΩn-ep≈_‘w F∂nh DZm-l-c-Ww.

c≠n-s‚bpw KpW-ß-fpƒs°m-≈p∂aq∂m-a-sXm-cm-ibw P∑-sa-Sp-°p∂p F∂slK-ens‚ kn≤m¥w Hcp mKn-I-kXywamX-am-sW∂v auZqZn Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p.kaql ]In-bsb kw_-‘n® Hcp icm-icn ]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ Ihn™ ]k‡nAXn -\n√. hncp≤ Zni -I -fn¬Db¿∂phcp∂ Xoh-X-Iƒ a\p-jy-bp-‡n-bpsS Xc-f-X-sb-bmWv hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp icn-bmb DØa Pohn-X-Øn-\p≈ cq]-tcJ \njv]-£-ambn \n›-bn-°m≥ a\p -jy -bp‡nian°ptºmsgms° Cu sshIeyw]I-S-am-Ip-∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm-em-Wv Jp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw apt∂m-´p-sh-°p∂Ckvem-anI Pohn-X-coXn `qX-Im-e-tØtbm h¿Ø-am\Ime-tØtbm GXpa\p-jy-\n¿anX hyh-ÿ-tb-°mfpw D∂-X-hpw, sFlnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ ˛]-c-tem-I-Øns‚ Imcyw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√t√m˛ a\p-jys‚ kt¥mj-Øn\pw Bfl-km- -ey-Øn\pw IqSp-X¬ ]tbm-P-\-I-chpwBhp-∂-Xv.

Ckveman¬ XnI®pw A\y-amb

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

aqey-ßfpw kº-Zm-b-ßfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]m›mXy kwkvIm-c-Øn-\p≈BtKm-fm-[n-]-Xy-sØ-s®m√n Ckveman∂vth≠n bmsXmcp £am-]W kao-]-\-hpwkzoI-cn-°msX Dd-®-kz-c-Øn¬ auZqZn]Jym-]n-°p∂p: ]q¿∆-Ime a\p-jy-cp-sS-sb-∂-t]mse ka-Im-eo\ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw tam£-Øn\v CkvemanI hyh-ÿnXn A\n -hm -cy -am -Wv . Ign™GXm\pw \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ ]m›mXykwkvImcw t\Sn-bn- p≈ imkvX-km-t¶-XnI t\´ßsf At±lw hne-a-Xn-°p-∂p.AtX-k-a-bw, ]m›mXy kwkvIm-c-Øn\v\n¿Wn-X-amb Hcp Znim-t_-[-an-s√∂pwAXns‚ ASn-ÿm\ XXz-ß-fpsS tZmjwImc-Ww, AXv B¥-cn-I-ambn Po¿Æ-am-sW∂pw At±lw a\ n-em-°p-∂p.ssZh-Øns‚ am¿K\n¿tZ-i-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ AI¬®bpw AXn-t\m-Sp≈\n w-K-X-bp-amWv ]m›mXy \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS ASnÿm\]-c-amb XI-cm-dmbnAt±lw ImWp-∂-Xv. ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i\w ]n≥]-t‰≠ Bh-iy-an-s√∂pwXs‚ I¿a-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ ssZh-Øns‚apºn¬ kam-[m\w t_m[n-∏n-t°≠nhcn-s√-∂p-ap≈ \ne-]m-Sn¬ B[p-\nIa\p-jy≥ FØs∏´n-cn-°bm-Wv. h√-hcpw ssZhnI am¿K-\n¿tZiw ]n≥]-t‰-≠-Xp-s≠∂v Icp-Xp-∂-h-cm-bp-s≠-¶n¬Xs∂, B am¿K-\n¿tZ-isØ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hfsc ]cn-an-X-ambHcp taJ-e-bn¬ HXp°n \n¿Øn-s°m-≠v, a\pjy Pohn-XsØ ]£-]m-Xn-Ø-߃°pw hnIeho£-W-߃°pw k¶p-NnX Xm¬]-cy-߃°pw ]¥m-Sm-≥ hn´p-sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°-bm-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ am¿K-\n¿tZiw DƒsIm-≈mØ B[p-\nI a\p-jy≥ _p≤n-i-‡n-bp≈ Hcp arK-am-bmWv Xs∂ ImWp-∂-Xv. hy‡-ambn\n¿h-Nn-°-s∏´ [m¿anI am-\-Z-fi-߃°p ]I-cw ]tbm-P\ hmZ-]-c-ambHcp ho£-W-amWv [m¿an-I-X-sb-°p-dn®vAh∂p-≈-Xv. ^e-Øn¬ hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kwL-ß-fp-sSbpw AXncpIS∂kzm¿Y Xm¬]-cy-ßsf XS-bp-∂-Xn\v]Icw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-I-bmWv CXvsNøp-∂-Xv. km¿h-eu-InI kmtlm-Z-cy-sa∂ Bi-bsØ Iodn-ap-dn®vsIm≠v, ]c-kv]c sshc-Øn-s‚bpw AI¬®-bp-sSbpw hnIm -c -ß-fpƒs°m-≈p∂At\Iw P\-X-I-fmbn a\p-jy-Ip-Spw_whn`-Pn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. kvt\lhpwkl-I-c-Whpw t]m’m-ln-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√-. hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw kwL-ßfpsSbpwAl¥ ]IrXn ]Xn- m-k-ambpw a\pjy]b-Xv\-Øns‚ \ymb-amb e£y-ambpwIW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. X¬ -e-am-bn, kmaq-lnI kmº-ØnI cmjvSob taJ-e-Ifn¬Adp-Xn-bn-√mØ a¬k-chpw kwL¿j-hp-ap-≠m-hp-∂p. IpSpw_ _‘-ßsf

i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-√. hne-s∏´ [m¿anIKpW-߃ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\p-≈ HcpthZn-bmbn IpSpw-_sØ am‰p-∂n-√.]Icw sFµnb kpJm-kzm-Z-\-tØm-Sp≈AXym-k‡n Nne ]tXyI kmaq-lnIs]cp-am-‰-߃°v P∑w \¬Ip-∂p. AhIpSpw_ Pohn -X -Øns‚ ASn -ØdXI¿°p-Ibpw hnIm-c-]-chpw I¿a-]-c-hp-amb ]cnip≤n \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øp-IbpwsNøp-∂p. _mly-amb hyXym-k-ß-fp--s≠-¶nepw C∂sØ F√m Ckßfp-sSbpwASn-ÿm\ Z¿i\w H∂m-Ip-∂p. a\p-jys‚ Pohn-X-e£yw \n¿W-bn-t°-≠Xpw Ahs‚ s]cp -am‰®´ -߃\n›bnt°≠Xpw ssZh-a-√, a\p-jy-\mWv F∂ XXz-am-W-Xv. auen-I-bm-Ym¿Yy-߃s°-Xn-cm-b-Xp-sIm≠v CuZ¿i\w [m¿an-I-ambn sX‰pw Ncn-X-]-c-ambn A]-I-S-I-c-hp-am-Ip-∂p.

B[p-\nI kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Po¿W-X-sb-°p-dn®v _p≤nbpw Kl-W-ti-jn-bp-ap≈ Bfp-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-bn-h-cn-I-bm-sW∂v auZqZn ]d-bp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kwkvImcw XI¿®-bn-te-°mWv \oßn-s°m-≠n--cn-°p-∂-Xv.\n¿am-Wm-fl-Iamb Hcp Z¿i-\-hp-ambnBsc-¶nepw apt∂m-´p-h∂v Hcp ]pXnbtemI-I-a-Øn\v ASn-Ø-d-bn-Sm-\m-h-iy-amb XXz-߃ \¬Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬ temI-amIam\w `bm-\-I-amb Hcp A‘-Im-c-Øn-te°v \n]-Xn -°pw. AXn-\m¬,CkvemanI PohnX hyh-ÿsb AXns‚]q¿W-amb cq]-Øn¬˛ AXm-bXvAXns‚ AXn- u-XnI XXz-߃, hy‡n-]-chpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb s]cp-am-‰-®-´-߬, Hcp \√ kº-Zvhy-h-ÿn-XnbpwcmjvShpw sI´-n∏-Sp-°p-∂Xv kw_-‘n-®p≈ \n¿tZ-i-߃ F∂n-h-sb-√m-a-S-°w˛hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw ]tbmKØn¬ hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-Ip-∂p.

Hcp Iq´w [m¿anI KpW-߃ a\p-jy-cn¬ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ ITn-\-bXv\w amX-a√ CXm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.adn®v a\pjy Pohn-XsØ kºq¿W-ambn ]p\¿\n¿an®v Hcp ]pXnb kaq-l-I-ahpw cmjvShpw ÿm]n®v a\pjy Ncn-X-Øn¬ Hcp ]pØ≥ bpK-Øn\v XpS-°-an-Sp-I-bmWv auZq-Zn-bpsS Z¿i\w auen-I-am-bp-t±-in-°p-∂-Xv.]m›mXy kwkvIm-c-tØm-Sp≈kao-]\w

Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ a\pjyPohn-XsØ CkvemanIambn ]p\¿\n¿an-°p-∂Xv kw_-‘n®v kp]-[m-\-amb HcptNmZyw CXm-Wv: B[p-\nI ]m›m-Xy-kw-kvIm-c-tØmSpw AXns‚ t\´-ß-tfmSpw \ΩpsS kao-]-\-sa-¥m-bn -cn°Ww? auem\m auZqZn ]d-bp∂p:

B[p-\nI ]m›m-Xy-kw-kvIm-c-c-hp-ambnapkvenw - kaq -l-Øn -\p≈ _‘ws]mXp-hn¬ c≠p-Xcw ]Xn-I-c-W-ß-fp-f-hm-°n-bn-´p-≠v. c≠pw A]-cym-]vX-am-Ip∂p. H∂v ]cm-Pb t_m[-Øn¬\n∂vDf-hm-b-XmWv. AXm-b-Xv, ""B[p\nIw''F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ F√m-‰n-s\bpw hnth-N-\-an-√msX kzmKXw sNøp-I˛ ]m›m-Xy-Po-hnX k¶¬]w, ]m›mXy \nb-a-kw-ln-X, coXn, ]m›mXy kmaqln-Im-Nm-c-߃, ]m›mXy kn≤m-¥-ßfpwcmjvSob kao-]-\-ß-fpw, ]m›mXykmº-ØnI Z¿i-\-߃ XpSßn F¥n-s\bpw. Xo¿®-bmbpw ]cm-P-b-t_m-[-Øn¬ \n-∂p-S-se-SpØ Cu ]Xn-Ic-Whpw apkvenw-Iƒ°v Ipd-s®ms°KpWw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. apkvenw-IfpsSAS™ \n›-e-amb Aÿsb AXvam‰n-sb-Sp-Øp. Hcp ]cn[n hsc, h¿Ø-am\Ime ]iv\-ßsf ssIImcywsNøm≥ Ahsc ]m]vXcm-°n. F∂m¬Cu KpW-ß-sfsb√mw \n m-c-am-°p-∂-XmWv AXns‚ tZmj- -e-߃. ImcWwAXv hnth-N-\-c-ln-X-amb ]m›m-Xy-h¬°-c-WsØ t]m’m-ln-∏n®psIm≠vCkvem-anI hy‡n-Xz-Øn\v tIm´w hcp-Øp-Ibpw a\p-jy-Po-hnX-Ø-n\v am¿K-Z¿i\w \¬Im-\p≈ Ckvem-ans‚tijnsb XI¿Øp-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

at‰ Xoh-]-Xn-I-c-WsØ auZqZn"\n›ew' F∂mWv hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv.apkvenw- kaq-l-Øns‚ ]Xn-tcm[ hm©-bpsS ]h¿Ø-\- -e-am-bmWXv ]Xy-£-s∏-´-Xv. ]q¿hn-I-cn¬ \n∂p e`n® ]mc-ºcy߃ Hs∂m-gn-bmsX ImØp-kq--£n-®n-s√-¶n¬ Ckvemw XpS®p \o°-s∏-Sp-sa∂ hnNmcw apkvenw-Ifn¬ AXvkrjvSn-®p. Cu hnNmcw sh®p-]p-e¿Øp-∂-h¿ ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ Btcm-Ky-I-chpwA\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-hp-amb hi-ßsf th¿Xn-cn®p I≠n-√. apkvenw-Isf A[x-]-X-\-Øn-te°v \bn® Imcy-ß-sf-¥m-sW∂vI≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\-h¿ ian-®n-√. AhscIh®p Ah-cpsS ta¬ B[n-]Xywt\Sm≥ ]m›m-Xy-te-IsØ klm-bn®hkvXp-X-Iƒ Fs¥∂pw ]cn-K-Wn-®n-√.XnI™ bmYm-ÿnI at\m -`mhwssIsIm≠v Ah¿ Hcp ]pcm-hkvXpt]an-bpsS Bth-i-tØmsS Htcm am‰-sØbpw FXn¿°p-Ibpw ]g-b-Im-e-Øp\n∂p-h∂ F√m-‰n-s\bpw apdpsI ]nSn-°p-Ib-pw sNbvXp. auZqZn Hcp ImcywDd-∏n®p ]d-bp-∂p: apkvenw- ]mc-º-cy-Øns‚ am‰-an-√mØ B[m-c-in-e-IƒJp¿-B-\n¬\n∂pw \_n-N-cy-bn¬\n∂pwe`n-°p∂ XXz-߃ am-X-am-Wv, as‰m-∂p-a-√. \ΩpsS am\-Zfiw Jp¿B\pwlZokpw amX-am-Wv. ap≥Ime apkvenw-Iƒ sNbvX Imcy-ß-fm-bmepw C∂sØ

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

apkvenw-Iƒ sNbv-Xp-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂Imcy-ß-fm-bmepw Ahsb hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv Jp¿-B-\n-s‚bpw lZo-kn-s‚bpwshfn-®-Øn-em-Wv. Hcp apkvenans‚lrZbw A`n-am-\w-sIm≠v \nd-°m≥amXw \√ Imcy-߃ apkvenw Ncn-X-Øn¬ D≠m-bn- p-≠v. F∂m¬ a\p-jy-]-h¿Ø-\-߃ Dt±iyw FXXs∂ \√-Xm-bn-cp-∂mepw F√m apkvenw-Ifpw A\n-hm-cy-ambn amXr-I-bm-t°-≠-X-√. ap≥Im-eØv kw`-hn® ]e-Xn-s\bpw auZqZnhna¿in-°p-∂p-≠v. apkvenw- kaq-l-Øns‚ hyXykvX hn`m-K-ß-fpsS c-W-I¿Øm-°ƒ, ]fin-X-∑m¿, Bflobt\Xm-°ƒ. hogvN-I-Isf At±lw Nq≠n-°m- p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]q¿hn-I-cpsS \√Xocp-am-\-߃ t]mepw hcpw Ime-ß-ense apgp-h≥ apkvenw-Ifpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-cm-sW∂v ]d-™p-Iq-Sm.

ChnsS Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-Wv.auZq-Zn-bpsS ho£-Ww, ]ptcm-K-a-\-hm-Zn-Iƒ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sSbpw bmYm-ÿn-I¿ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cp-sSbpwho£-W-ßfn¬ \n∂v hyXy-kvX-am-Wv.apkvenw- ]mc-º-cysØ (C-kvem-an-IhpwA\n-kvem-an-Ihpw Btcm-Ky-I-chpwA\m-tcm -KyIchpamb LS-I-߃DƒsIm-≈p-∂-Xm-W-Xv.) hna¿i-\m-fl-I-amb ]cn-tim-[-\°pw i≤m-]q¿h-I-ambhni-I -e -Øn\pw hnt[-b -am -°m≥At±lw Bh-iys∏Sp∂p. Jp¿-B-\n-¬\n∂pw \_n-N-cy-bn¬\n∂pw Dcp-Øn-cn™ LS-I-ßsf amXta ÿnc-aq-ey-ßfp≈h-bmbn IW-°m-°m-hq. C]-Imcw ]m›m-Xy-kw-kvIm-c-sØbpw \nin-X-amb \ncq-]-W-Øn\pw hni-I-e-Øn\pwhnt[-b-am-°-Ww. ]m›m-Xy-Po-hnX Z¿i-\w, ]m›mXy aqey \n¿Wb am\-Z-fiw,]m›mXy kmaq-lnI Pohn-XsØ _m[n-®n-´p≈ Xn∑-Iƒ, Po¿W-X-Iƒ F∂nhXo¿®-bm-bw- h¿÷n-°-s∏-S-Ww. AtX-k-a -bw, B[p-\nI ]m›m-Xy-temIw\¬Ip∂ Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb LS-I-߃,AXns‚ imkvX-߃, kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy,Imcy-£-a-amb kwL-S\ cW \n¿h-l-W-co-Xn-Iƒ˛ kzoI-cn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CuLS-I-ß-sfms° Ah ]m›m-Xy-ambaqeyß-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-hpw, Ckvem-anIPohn-X-L-S-\-tbmSp tN¿∂p-t]m-Ip-∂XpwBsW-¶n¬ Ah kzoI-cn -°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v Hcp tZmj-hp-an-√. Imc-Ww, a\p-jy-h¿K-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ ss]Xr-I-hp-amWv Ah. B ss]Xr-I-Øns‚ hnIm-k-Øn¬ at‰-sXmcp P\-X-sbbpw t]mse]q¿hn-I-cmb apkvenwIfpw kw`m-h-\-I-f¿∏n-®n- p-≠v. Nne XXz-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizm-ktam Nne [m¿anI aqey-ß-fpsSt]m’m-l-\tam Bbn -cn -°-cpXvapkvenwIfpsS bmYm¿Y-e£y-sa∂p≈Xv sIm≠pw AØc-samcp kao-

]\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. Ckvemw hn`m-h\wsNøp∂ kºq¿W PohnX ]≤-Xnsbh¿Ø-am\ bp-K-Ønse Hcp bmYm¿Yy-am -°pI F∂-Xm -bn -cn -°WwapkvenwIfpsS e£yw.

CXmWv auZq-Zn-bpsS CkvemanI-Z¿i-\-Øns‚ kp]-[m\ hiw. a\p-jys‚ _mlyamb s]cp-am-‰-hp-ambn, ]-tXy-In®pw kmaq-lnI Xe-hp-am-bmWXv][m\ambpw _‘-s∏´p \n¬°p-∂-sX∂v hy‡-am-Wv. aX-Zm¿i-\n-I-cpsS`mj IS-sa-Sp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ta¬-∏-d™ Imcy-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy≥ ssZhØns‚ AXoµnbmkvXn-Xz-Øn¬ Ah-t\mSv Fßs\ ]Xn-I-cn-°Ww F∂m-Wv. kmaq-lnI kmº-ØnIcmjvSob taJ-e-I-fnse Ckvem-anIimk-\-Ifpw aqey-ßfpw Ah-K-Wn-°-s∏´ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ B imk-\-I-fnepwXXz-ß-fnepw Du∂¬ \¬Im\pw Ah-sb-°p-dn® hni-Zo-I-c-W-ßfnte°v IS-°-phm≥ auZqZn \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bXv a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp-]t£, C°m-c-W-Øm¬ P\-Iob Pohn-X-Øns‚ kº-∂-amb B¥-cn-I-X°pw ssZh-km-ao]ywt\Sm-\p≈ a\p-jys‚ kzX-kn-≤-ambA`n-hm-©°pw ]t©-µn-b-߃°vA]m-]y-am-bXpw AtX-k-abw Poh-\m-Un -tbmSSpØp \n¬°p-∂-Xp -ambGIssNX-\y-Øn-te°v FØn-s∏-Sm-\p≈ a\p-jy-flm-hns‚ \nc-¥-c-amb ]cn-i-a-Øn\pw auZqZn ]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂n-s√∂v tXm∂pw. AYhm (a-X-Zm¿i\n-I-cpsS `mj-bn¬) ssZh-Øns‚ k¿h-km-∂n-[y-tØmSv ]Xn-I-cn-t°≠ hgnAX-Xs∂ i‡-ambn auZq-Zn-bpsS cN-\-I-fn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√∂v.apkvenw kaq-l-Øn¬, hnti-jn®pwauZqZn P\n-®p-h-f¿∂ C≥tUm-˛-]m-°n-ÿm≥ D]- q-J-fi-Øn¬ P\-Iob Pohn-X-Øns‚ Cu hi-Øn\v th≠XDu∂¬ In´n-bn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXpXA\p-kva-cn-°p-tºmƒ C°cyw a\- n-em-°m-hp-tX-bp-≈q. AtX-k-abw ]c-a-k-Øsb Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw b-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNbvXm¬ amXwt]mcm F∂ Imcyw ]c-a-`-‡-\mb apkvenw t]mepw ad-∂p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬, ssZhw ]c-am-[n-Im-cn-bmb \mY\pw \nb-a-Zm-XmhpwBsW∂pw B i‡n-tbm-Sp≈ `‡nssZh-Øns‚ kIe I¬]-\-Ifpw\n¿tZ-i-ß-fpw-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ apgp-h≥taJ-e-I-fnepw ]men-°m\pw ssZh-h-N-\-Øns‚ ta¬t°mbva temI-Øn¬ÿm]n-°m\pw ‡s\ t]cn-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw Hm¿an-∏n-t°-≠m-Xm-h-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp-co-Xn-bn¬, IqSp-X¬ i‡hpwA¬]w hyXy-kvX-hp-amb Iqdpw ]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw ssZh-tØmSp ]pe¿Øm≥CXv apkvenans\ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. kº-

∂-hpw AKm-[-hp-amb Hcp Bflo-bXIqSmsX CXp km[y-a-s√∂v a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xp-am-Wv.

]iv\-Øns‚ Cu hiw auZq-Zn-bpsScN-\-I-fn¬ IqsS-°qsS Db¿∂p hcp-∂p-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\-sØ-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ k¥p-en-X-amb Hcm-ibw In´m≥ Hcp eLphni-I-e\w Bh-iy-am-Wv. aX-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ B¥-cn-IhpwA\p -` -h -⁄m-\ -] -chpw hy‡n -] -chpamb hi-tØm-Sp≈ At±-l-Øns‚kao-]\w hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ hnizm-k(-Cu-am≥)sØ kw_-‘n®v At±-l-Øns‚ho£-W-߃ \ap°v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.At±-l-Øns‚ an° cN-\-I-fnepw a\p-jys‚ aX-Iob Pohn-X-Øn¬ hnizm-k-Øn-∂p≈ tIµ-ÿm-\-Øn\v Du∂¬\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. auZq-Zn-bpsS ho£-W-Øn¬ Bg-Øn¬ thcq-∂n-bXpw hnS¿∂v]c-∂-Xp-amb hnizmkw Ckvem-anI Pohn-X-Øns‚ Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-\m-hmØ ASn-Ø-d-bm-Ip-∂p.

hnizmkw a\p-jys\ kjvSm-hp-ambn i‡-amw-hn[w _‘n-∏n-°p-∂p. BPoh- -p‰ _‘-an-√msX _mly-ambn aX-Iobw F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp∂ F√m]h¿Øn-Ifpw h‘yhpw \njv^-e-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. auZq-Zn-bpsS ho£-W-Øn¬,Ckvemw a\p-jys‚ ]Xy-£hpw tKmN-c-hp-amb s]cp-am-‰-sØbpw I¿Ø-hy-ß-fpsS _mly-amb \n¿W-b-sØbpw Bs]cp-am-‰-Øn¬ hnizmkØn¬ thcq-∂nb ssNX-\y-sØbpw c≠n-s\bpwkw_-‘n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. XpSn-°p∂ lrZ-b-tØmsS ssZh-Øn-¶-te°v Xncn-bm\pwssZhsØ Xs‚ kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpwA¿∏-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]c-a-amb e£y-am-°m-\p-sa-∂-t]mse A\p-k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw tkh-\-Øn-s‚bpw e£y-am-°m\pw hnizmkw a\p-jys\ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ t\sc i≤ tIµo-I-cn-°m\pw Ahs\ as‰-√m-‰n-t\-°m-fp-ap-]cn kvt\ln-°m\pw AXv t]cW\¬Ip-∂p. ssZh-tØmSp IqSp-X¬ ASp-°p-∂Xp hgnbpw ssZh-I¬]-\-Iƒ]men°p∂Xn-eq-sSbpw a\p-jy\v AKm-[-amb B¥-cn-Im-\-¥hpw Bfl-km-£m¬°m-c-t_m-[hpw hnizmkw \¬Ip-∂p. auZq-Zn-bpsS A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ ""CutemIØv a\p-jys‚ kIe ]cn-i-a-ß-fp-sSbpw Htc-sbmcp e£yw ssZh-Øns‚kwXr]vXn t\Sp-I-bm-Wv.'' Xulo-Zns‚A\n-hm-cy-amb Im¬shbv]pw CXpXs∂. Cu hn[w Hcmƒ°vhnizmkap≠m-bm¬, Ckvem-anI Pohn-X-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bn- p-I-gn-™p. BflobPohnXw kº-∂tam Zcn-Ztam BIpw.AXv Atß-b-‰sØ Db-c-ß-fn-te-°p-b-cp-Ibpw Xmgv∂ \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøpw. hnizmkØns‚

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

Bghpw Bflm¿Y-X-bp-a-\p-k-cn-®m-Wn-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

bYm¿Y hnizmkw, AXns‚ hmNm]Jym-]-\-a-√, a\p-jys\ ssZh-I¬]-\-b-\p-k-cn®v kz`mh \S-]-Sn-Iƒ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ klm-bn-°pw. ssZthO ]Imcw]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Nme-I-i-‡n-bmWv hnizmkw. ]Xy-£-Øn¬ imco-cnI Ne-\-ß-fm-bn-cn-°p-∂-hsb ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øns‚ DZmØ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fm°n am‰p∂ ]tNm-Z\i‡n-bmW-Xv. AXm-bXv Ckvemw ssZ-h -I¬]-\ -Iƒ°p≈ icn -bmbIogvhg°w˛ F∂Xv hnizmk(Cu-am≥)-Øns‚ Bh-jvI-c-W-a-Ip-∂p. Cuam≥ASn-Ø-dbpw Ckvemw B ASn-Ø-d-ta¬]Sp-Øp-b¿Ønb ku[-hpw. ""hnizm-khpw ka¿∏-Whpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘whnØpw AXp apf-®p-≠m-hp∂ achpwXΩn-ep≈ _‘-am-Wv'' auZq-ZnbpsSho£-W-Øn¬. hnizmkaps≠-¶n¬Bflo-b-h-f¿®-bpsS Db¿∂ L´-ß-en-te-°p-b-cm≥ Ign-bpw. Bflob hf¿®-bnse L´-ß-fn-sem-∂mWv `‡n (X-Jvh). `‡n-bpsS e£-W-ambn km[m-cmW IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp∂ Nne _mly-]-I-S-\-ß-fn¬˛ ]tXyI Xc-Øn-ep≈thj-a-Wn-bp-I, kpJ-ku-I-cy-ß-tfmSp\ntj-Xm-fl-Iamb kao]\w kzoI-cn-°p-I F∂n-ßs\˛ HXp-ßp-∂-X√ XJvh.""`‡n ssZh-`-b-Øn¬ \n∂p-f-hm-Ip∂am\-knI mhhpw DØ-c-hm-ZnØ t_m[-hp-am-Ip-∂p. Pohn-X-Øns‚ kakvX hi-ß-fnepw ]I-S-am-Ip∂ H∂m-W-Xv.''auZqZn ]d-bp-∂p.

a\p-jys‚ Bflob hf¿®-bpsSG‰hpw Db¿∂ L´sØ auZqZn"Clvkm≥' (B-flo-tbm¬°¿jm-h-ÿ)F∂v hnfn-°p-∂p. kp]-kn-≤-amb Hcp]hm-NI hN-\-Øn¬ D-]-tbm-Kn-®n- p≈Hcp ]Z-am-Wn-Xv. ssZh-tØmSpw ssZh-Øns‚ ZqX-t\mSpw ssZhw Ah-X-cn-∏n®aX-tØm-Sp-ap≈ a\p-jys‚ AXy-Km-[-amb t]a-amWv Clvkm≥ F∂v auZqZnDu∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. ssZh-Øn--\p≈ A¿∏-W-Øm¬ kzbw ad-∂p-t]m-Ipw-hn-[-ap≈Bflm¿Y hnizmkhpw Bflm¿]Wk∂-≤-X-bp -amWv Cu AXy-Km[kvt\lw hnh-£n-°p-∂-Xv.

"XJvh'bpsS NmeI i‡n ssZh`b-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ssZh-]oXn Ic-ÿ-am-°m≥ a\p-jys\ t]cn-∏n-°-p∂ ssZh-kvt\lamIp∂p "Clvkm-\ns‚' kØ."Clvkm-\n's‚ A¿Yw, a\p-jy-s‚bpwssZh-Øn-s‚bpw CO H∂m-bn-Øo-cpIF∂-sX. ssZh-Øn\v CjvS-ap-≈XvssZh-Øns‚ Zmk\pw CjvS-am-Ip-∂p.ssZh-Øn\v CjvS-an-√m-ØXv ssZh-Øns‚ Zmk\pw CjvS-s∏Sp-∂n-√; CXvlrZ-b-Øns‚ Hcp \njvIn-bm-h-ÿ-b-√.

"Cuam\n'\pw "Ckveman'\psa-∂-t]mse"Clvkm\n'\pw, auZqZnbpsS ho£-W-Øn¬ Inbm-fl-I-amb Hcp ]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ D¬°-S -ambkvt\lhpw hnt[-b-Xzhpw as‰m-∂n-s\bpw `b-s∏-SmsX \∑-bp -sSt]m’ml-\-Øn\pw Xn∑-bpsS D®m-S-\-Øn\pw th≠n ]cn-i-an-°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂p. ""`qan-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°-cp-sX∂vssZhw BK-ln -°p∂ Xn∑-Iƒh¿Pn°pI amX-a√ Ahsb qap-J-Øp-\n∂v Xs∂ XpS-®p-\o-°m≥ k¿h-i-‡n-bp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v ian-°p-Ibpw sNøpwAhs‚ Zmk-∑m¿,'' auZqZn ]d-bp-∂p.AXp-amXa-√, ssZhw Xs‚ `qan-sbGtXXv \∑-sIƒ sIm≠-e-¶-cn-°m≥BK-ln -°p -∂pthm B \∑-Iƒhf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ th≠n kzPo-h≥_en-b¿∏n®pw Ah¿ bXv\n°pw auZq-Zn-bpsS ho£-WØn¬. ""Cu L -Øn-se-Øp-tºmƒ a\p-jy≥ ssZh-hp-ambn G‰-hp-a-SpØ kmao]yw ssIh-cn-°p∂p;CXmWv Abm-fpsS Bflob hf¿®-bpsSG‰hpw Db¿∂ L´w.''

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

auem\m auZq-Zn˛3

\thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ Zm¿i-\nI N -°qSv

Ncn-X-ho-£WwNcn-X-sØ-∏‰n s]mXp-hmbn auZqZn

kzoI-cn-®n-´p≈ ImgvN-∏mSv ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. hnti-jn-®pw, ]hm-N-I-\p-ti-j-ap≈ apkvenw NcnXw. auZq-Zn-bpsSho£-W-Øn¬ Ckvem-apw Pmln-en-ø-Øp-am-bp≈ \nc-¥c kwL- -\-amWv Ncn-Xw. t\c-sØ- kq-Nn∏n®Xp-t]mse,"Pmln-enø' F∂ ]Zw "Ckvemw' F∂-Xns‚ hn]-coX ]Z-am-bn- mWv auZqZn D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ ]c-am-[n-Im-chpw ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øns‚B[n-Im-cn-I-Xbpw \ntj-[n-°p∂ F√mtemI-ho-£-W-ßfpw Nn¥m-]-≤-Xn-Ifpwhnizm-km-Nm-c-ßfpw "Pmln-en-ø'ØvBWv. "Pmln-enø'Øn\v ]e-cq-]-ß-fp-≠m-hmw. ]Ir-Xym-Xo-Xhpw Cµo-bm-Xo-X-hp-amb F√m-‰n-s\bpw ]msS \ntj-[n-°p∂ ip≤ Pmln-enøx D≠v. `mKn-I-amtbm Ie¿∏p-≈tXm Bb At\-I-XcwPmln-en-ø-Iƒ thsd-bpw D≠v. ChkjvSm-hns‚ AkvXnXzw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. ]t£, AXv a‰p -]e sX‰mbhnizmk-ß-fp-ambn IqSn°pg™ncn-°-bm-Wv. X∑qew ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i\w a‰p-]e LS-Ißfp-ambn Ie¿∂v aeo-a-k-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. mKn-I-amb Cu Pmln-enøx Nne-t∏mƒ temI ]cn-Xym-Kw-t]m-se, Xoh Bflo-b-X-bmbn ]cn-W-an-°pw.a‰p-Nn-e-t∏mƒ AXv Xoh-amb tbmKm-fl-I-`mhw ssIsIm≠v ssZhm-cm-[-\sbAssZzX `mh-Øn-te-t°m, k¿-th-izc`mh-Øn-tet°m FØn-°pw. Aßs\kjvSmhpw krjvSnbpw XΩn-ep≈hyXym-kw-Xs∂ hnkva-cn-∏n-°pw.

Ckvem-w F√m cq]-ß-fnepw `mh-ß-en-ep-ap≈ Pmln-en-ø-Iƒ°pw IS-I-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. AXns‚ e£yw a\pjyPohn-X-Øn¬, AXns\ ssZhnI am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-]-Imcw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠vkºq¿W-amb hnπhw km[n-°p-I-bm-Wv.Hcp hnizmk kwln-Xbpw Hcp PohnXho£-Whpw Hcp ]pXnb aqey-t_m-[hpwHcp ]pXnb [m¿anI ]Xn-_-≤-Xbpwhy‡n-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw at\m-`m-h-Øn-s‚bpw Hcp DS-®p-hm¿°epw sImt≠Cu hnπhw km[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. Hcp cmk-

Xz-c-Iw-t]mse AXv hy‡n-I-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ kaq-e-am‰w hcp-Øp-IbpwAßs\ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Hcp ]pXpkaq-lsØ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. D±njvS e£yØnte°p≈kmaqly ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p-th≠n I¿a-\n-c-X-amb Hcp BZ¿i-]-ÿm-\-ambnkaqlw hfcp∂p. a\pjy Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]q¿W-amb ]p\x-kw-hn-[m-\-amWvAh-cpsS Cu iaw e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv.AXv A¥n-a-amb Hcp ]pXnb kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpw cmjvSØns‚bpw kwÿm-]-\-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-∂p. AYhm Hcp]pXnb hyh-ÿ-bpsS kwÿm-]-\w.]hm-NI amXr-I-bn-ep≈ ]m[n-\n[y`cWw (Jn-em^ Aem-an≥lmPn-∂p-_p-∆) F∂mWv auZqZn B ]pXnb hyh-ÿsb hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn-\p-th≠n ]cn-i-an-°m≥ F√m apkvenw-Ifpw _m[y-ÿ-cm-sW∂v auZqZn ]d-bp-∂p.

Cu ImgvN-∏m-Sp-I-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬HcphiØv Ckvem-anI \thm-∞m-\-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ ]h¿-Ø-\-ß-sfbpw adp-h-iØv Ckvem-ans‚ t]cn¬ Pmln-en-ø-bp-ambn HØp-Xo¿∏p-≠m-°m-\p≈ ia-ß-sfbpw hne-bn -cp -Øm-\p≈ Hcpssk≤m-¥nI N´-°q-Sn\v auZqZn cq]w\¬In-bn-´p-≠v. Pmln-en-øØpw Ckvem-apw X-Ωn-ep≈ kwL-´-\-Øn¬ c≠v[ph-ß-fpsS Np‰p-am-bn- mWv ]cn-i-a-߃\S-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. H∂v, XPvZoZv; AYhmCkvem-ans\ AXns‚ auenI ]cn-ip-≤n-bn¬ ]p\-ÿm-]n-®p-sIm≠v Pohn-X-sØbpw kaq-l-sØbpw Ckvem-anIXXz-ßfpw aqey-ß-fp-a-\p-k-cn®v Hcp\n›nX ÿe-Ime kml-N-cy-Øn¬]p\¿\n¿amWw sNøp-I. c≠v, XP-±pZv:CXp-sIm-≠p-t±-in-°p-∂Xv apJy-ambpwXmsg-∏-d-bp∂ aq∂v Imcy-ß-tfm, Ah-bn-te-sX-¶nepw Ht∂m BWv.

(i) Ckvem -ans‚ bYm¿Y[m¿anIkØ Ah-K-Wn®v `uXnIXm¬]-cy-ß-tfmSpw qan-im-kvX-]-c-amb]nSn-s®-Sp-°-ep-I-tfm-Sp-ap≈ AXn-cp-I-S∂Xm¬]-cyw. CXp PohnX-Øns‚ `uXn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-amb hi-߃°n-S-bn¬Ckvem-w ]pe¿Øp∂ k¥p-en-X-XzsØ

XI¿°p∂p.(ii) AXXv Ime-L- -Ønse ]_e-

amb Pmln-en-ø-Øns‚ Bflm-hn-t\mSpwcq]-tØm-Spw- cmPnbmhpI. Ckvem-ans‚bpw Pmln-en-ø-Øn-s‚bpw Hcp]pXnb anin-X-Øn\v CXv cq]w \¬Ipw.

(iii) A\n-kvem-anI kaq-l-ß-fn¬\n∂v aqey-ßfpw XXzßfpw s]cp-am-‰-co-Xn-Ifpw ISw hmßp-Ibpw AtX-k-abwHcp Ckvem-anI apJw \ne-\n¿Øp-IbpwsNøp-I. hnti-jn-®pw, Cu IS-sa-SpØImcy-ßsf Ckvem-anI kw⁄-I¬sIm≠p hnti-jn-∏n-®mWv km[m-c-W-bmbn CXv km[n-°p-I.Ckvem-anI \thm-∞m\we£yhpw \bhpw

ta¬]-d™ c≠p kao-]-\-ßfpwNe-\m-fl-I-am-sW-¶n-epw Ckvem-anI hnπ-h-Øns‚ e£y-߃ XPvZoZv hngntbkm[n-°p-I-bp-≈q. XP-±pZv hgn km[n-°p-I-bn -√. ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ Ckvem-anIkwÿm-]-\-Øn∂pth≠n \S-Ønb]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS XpS¿®-bmWv XPvZo-Zv. Dd® hnizm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw ssZth-O-b-\p-k-cn®v Pohn°m\p≈ ZrV-\n-›-b-Øn¬ \n∂p-am-W-Xp¬`-hn-°p-∂-Xv.AXns‚ kØ cN-\m-fl-I-am-Wv. AXvDb¿∂ e£y-t_m-[-Øm¬ ]tNm-Zn-X-am-Wv. \√ Ah[m-\-Xbpw bmYm¿Yy-t_m-[hpw [m¿an-Ihpw `u-XnIhpambXbm-sd-Sp∏pw AXn-∂m-h-iy-am-Wv. CØ-c-samcp ia-Øn¬ XohX ssIsh-Sn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v. Ckvem-anI XXz-߃ cq]-Ønepw ssNX-\y-Ønepw km£m¬°-cn°m\mWv t\mt°-≠-Xv. CXn\p aq∂p]mY-anI L -ß-fp-≠v.

(i) Hcp ]tXyI ÿe- -Ime kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Ckvem-apw Pmln-en-øØpwXΩn -ep≈ kwL¿jambn_‘s∏SpØn-s°m≠v \ne-hn-ep≈Ah-ÿsb hni-I-e\w sNøp-I. ""Pmln-enøx kzoI-cn®n-´p≈ hnhn[ cq]-߃Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn\pw AXns‚ Du¿P-tkm-X- p-Iƒ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ckvem-apw Pmln-en-øØpw XΩn¬ G‰p-ap-´p∂a¿a-߃ Is≠-Øp-∂-Xn∂pw \ne-hn-ep≈ Ah-ÿ-bpsS kv]jvShpw kXy-

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

k-‘-hp-amb hne-bn-cp-ج Bh-iy-am-Wv. H∏w Xs∂ ka-Im-eo\ apkvenwPohn-X-Øns‚ Zu¿_-ey-ß-fpsS Dd-hn-S-ßfpw ]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. Hcp kaqe ]cn-tim-[\ \SØn Ncn-X-Øns‚ Cu khn-tij Zim-k-‘n-bn¬ apkvenw kaqlwA\p-`-hn-®psIm-≠ncn°p∂ ][m\tcmK-߃ \n¿W-bn-°-Ww.

(ii) Cu ss[j-WnI ]b-Xv\-Øns‚ e£yw apkvenw-I-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI XXz-߃ Hcn-°¬IqSn \S-∏n-em-°m≥th≠n, D]-cn-kq-NnXhni-I-e-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hcp\b-]-cn-]m-Sn°v cq]w sImSp-°p-I-bm-h-Ww.

(iii) bmYm¿Yy t_m[-tØm-Sp-Iq-Snb\b-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn\v ]kvXpX ImeØve`y-amb hn -h-߃ Fs¥m-s°-sb∂pw]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. kzbw hne-bn-cp-Ø-en-s‚bpw e`y-amb am\-kn-Ihpw[m¿an-Ihpw uXn-I-hp-amb hn -h-ß-fpsSi≤m ]q¿h-amb IW-s°-Sp-∏n-s‚bpwshfn-®-Øn¬ amXsa Hcp \thm-∞m\]≤-Xn°p cq]w \¬Im≥ Ign-bq. ta¬]-d™ e£y-ß-fpsS km£m¬°mc-Øn∂p th≠n G‰hpw ^e-h-Ømbam¿K-߃ D]-tbm-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v.

Cu ]≤-Xn-bpsS ][m\ LS-I-߃F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww? Ckvemw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv Hcp kaqe ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\pwA¥n-a -ambn Hcm-Z¿i Ckvem-anIhyhÿ "Jn-em^: Aem-an≥ lmPn-∂p-_p∆'bpsS kwÿm-]-\-Øn∂pw Bb-Xp-sIm≠v Cu ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ°v Xmsg]d-bp∂ LS-I-߃ A\n-hmcyamWv.

(F) -A-XXv Ime-L-´-Ønse P\-߃°v a\- n -em -hp∂ `mj-bn¬Ckvem-ans‚ BZ¿i-ßfpw XXz-ßfpw]p\-cm-hn-jvI-cn-°-Ww. CXn\p th≠n\ne-hn-ep≈ "Pmln-enø' Bi-b-ß-fpsSi≤m-]q¿h-amb ]T-\hpw hni-I-e-\hpw\ncq-]-Whpw \S-Ø-Ww. F∂n v a\pjy\n¿anX Bi-b-ß-fpsS aqe ]am-W-ß-tf-°mƒ Ckvem-anI XXz-߃°p≈ta∑bpw ]k-‡nbpw kzbw kv]jvS-am-Ip∂ hn[w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-Ww. Ckvem-anI temI ho£W-Øns‚ kn≤m-¥-]-chpw ]tbm-K-]-c-hp-amb hnh-c-߃sXfnbn®p Im´m\pw Ckvem-anI PohnXcoXnsb AXns‚ F√m `mh-ß-tfmSpwIqSn hni-Z-am-°m\pw ]cym-]vX-amb i‡n-bp‰ ss[j-WnI bXv\w CXn-∂m-h-iy-am-Wv.

(_n) - P-\-ß-fn¬ Ckvem-anIkz`mhw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°m\pw ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn\pw ]p\¿ \n¿am-W-Øn-\p-am-bp≈]cn-i-a-Øn¬ Ahsc ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°m\pwth≠n Ah-cpsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ [m¿anILS\ Agn®p ]Wn-b-Ww. kmaq-lnIioe-߃, BNm-c-߃, hnZym-`ymk

kmº-Øn-I kmaq-lnI ÿm]-\-߃,cmjvSob i‡n Ch-sbm-s°bpw Cu]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn∂p hnt[-b-am-°-Ww.Ckvem-ans‚ kØ°v hncp-≤-amb hgn-sX-‰nb ]cn-jvIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂pw kmaq-ly Pohn-XsØ tamNn-∏n®v AXns\\_n-N-cy-bp-ambn cRvPn-∏n-°-Ww.

(kn) Cu ]h¿Ø-\-߃s°√mw"PvXnlm-Zp-^n-±o≥' A\n-hm-cy-am-°p-∂p.AXm-bXv Ckvem-anImZ¿i-߃, XXz-߃, aqey-߃ F∂nh kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ ]p\x-]-th-in-∏n-°p-I. Ckvem-anImZ¿i-ß-sfbpw Ckvem-ans‚ ap≥K-Wm-I-a-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ \√ [mc-Wbpw bYm¿Y apkvenwPohnX-ØnseASn-ÿm\ LS-I-ß-sfbpw BI-kvanILS-I-ß-sfbpw i≤m-]q¿hw hnth-Nn-°epw Cu ]In-b-bn¬ \n¿Wm-b-I-am-Wv.

Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿ-bpsS Ne\XXz-amWv "CPvXn-lmZv'. PohnX ]hm-lsØ Ckvem-anI am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v apt∂m v \bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ k¿Km-flI Nn¥bpw ]h¿Ø-\hpw ss[j-WnI Xe-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂ CPvXnlmZpw]mtbm-KnI Xe-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂PnlmZpw (t]m-cm- w) aptJ-s\-bmWv km[n-t°-≠-Xv. c≠pw tXmfp-cpΩn \oß-Ww.ImcWw Hcp hi-Øv, Xß-fpsS e£y-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw Ah ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]mtbm-KnI X¥-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏mSpw adphiØv Be£y-߃ bmYm¿Yy-h¬°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb \n›-b-Zm¿Vyhpw Du¿Phpwapkvenw-Iƒ°p-≠m-h-Ww. C\n Ckvem-anI Pohn-X-co-Xn-bpsS A¿Y Xe-߃hni-Z-am-°p-Ibpw Ckvem-ans\ bmYm¿Yy-h¬°-cn-°m≥ [nj-Wm-]-chpw ]tbm-K-]-c-hp-amb ]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Bƒ Fßn-s\-bn-cn-°Ww F∂v t\m°mw. hy‡n]`mhw ][m-\-am-Wv. ÿe-Ime kml-N-cy-Øn¬ am‰-Øns‚ Hcp ][m\NmeI i‡n-X-s∂-bm-W-Xv. F¶nepw\thm-∞m\ ]ÿm\w Hcp hy‡nsbtIµo-I-cn-®p-≈-Xm-h-W-sa-∂n-√. Bhp-I-bp-a-cp-Xv. Ckvem-an¬ ]hm-N-I-s\m-gnsIB¿°pw aX-]-c-amb B[n-Im-cn-I-X-bn-√. th≠Xv Hcp kmaqly ]ÿm-\-am-Wv. AtX-k-abw ^e-ßsf kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ Np°m≥]nSn-°p-Ibpw kwL-Sn-∏n-®p- sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNøp∂ t\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ kz`m-hsØ AXv Gsd Bi-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

]g-b-Im-eØv "apP-±nZp'IfpsSamkvac hy‡n-XzsØ Bi-bn-®mWv]ÿm-\-߃ \ne-sIm-≠-Xv.- AtX[¿aw B[p-\nI ImeØv icn-bmbnkwL-Sn-∏n-°-s∏´ kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v \n¿h-ln-°m≥ Ign-bpw. AtX, ]q¿W-amb am‰-

Øn∂v Hcp kwL-SnX ]ÿm\w XpS-tß-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu ZuXy \n¿h-l-Wm¿YwHSp-hn¬ AXv Hcp cmjvSo-ambn amdp-Ibpw thWw.ka-Im-eo\ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ amXr-I-bpsS D]tbmKw

]hm-N-I≥ ÿm]n-®, k®-cnXcmbJeo-^-am-cpsS ImeØv AtX amXr-I-bn¬ hnImkw ]m]n® BZ¿i-I-a-Øn¬\n∂v apkvenw kaqlw ItaWhyXn-N-en®psIm≠n-cp-∂-Xmbn ka-Im-eo\ kml-N-cysØ hne-bn-cp -Øn-s°m≠v auZqZn ]d-bp-∂p. Ckvem-anIcmjvS-L-S-\-bn¬ kw`-hn® BZysØ][m\ am‰w Jnem-^-Øn¬\n∂v Gsd-°psd euInI kz`m-h-ap≈ cmP-`-c-W-Øn-te-°p≈ hyXn-bm-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cuam‰w cmjvSob kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øn¬Ckvem-ans‚ ]¶ns\ kmc-ambn _m[n-®p. ItaW Pohn-X-Øns‚ GI-X-sb-°p-dn® Bibw Xs∂ Zp¿_-e-s∏-´p.Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm aXhpwcmjvSo-bhpw XΩn¬ Hcp ]cn-[n-hscth¿Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂-√,t\XrXzw Xs∂ cmjvSo-bw, aX-]cwF∂n-ßs\ sht∆sd taJ-e-bm-bn.c≠n\pw AhcptSXmb ]tXyI kzm[o-\-ta-J-e-I-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

c≠m-asØ ][m\ am‰w hnZym-`ymk kº-Zm-b-Øn-em-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. CXvISpØ Zpc-¥- -e-ß-fp-f-hm-°n. apkvenw-k-aq-lsØ Iodn-ap-dn® `n∂n-∏n-IfpwkwL¿j-ßfpw \ne-\n¿Øn. CXp a\p-jy-b-Xv\-Øns‚ F√m ][m-\-ta-J-e-I-fnepw Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-cØns‚HmP v \ne-\n¿Ø-t∏m∂ k¿Km-fl-I-X-bpsS Dd-hn-S-ßsf h‰n-®p-I-f-bp-IbpwsNbvXp.

Cu am‰-ß-fpsS ^e-ambn P\-ß-fpsS [m¿an-I-Po-hnXw A[x-]-Xn-®p. P\-߃°v Ckvem-ant∂mSp≈ A¿∏-WhpwBflm¿Y-Xbpw Zp¿_-e-am-bn. kn≤m-¥hpw ]tbm-Khpw XΩn-ep≈ AIewh¿[n-®p. Aßs\ "\n^mJv' (Im-]-Syw)F∂ [m¿an-I-tcmKw i‡n-s∏-´p. CuAhÿ \∂m-°n-sb-Sp-°m≥ hym]-I-amb ]cn-i-a-߃ apkvenw Ncn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw \S-Ø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬]m›m-Xy- -sIm-tfm-Wn-b¬ i‡n-Iƒ°vapkvenw-Iƒ Iog-S-ßp-t∂-S-tØmfw CuPo¿WX XpS¿∂p. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬hnZym-`ym-k-apƒs]-sS-bp≈ F√m taJ-e-I-fnepw hntZ-i-hy-hÿ ASn-t®¬]n-°-s∏-´p. ]pXnb hnZym-`ymk hyh-ÿbpsS e-ambn ]mtbm-Kn-I-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ aXhpw cmjvSo-bhpw XΩn-ep≈th¿∏n-cnhv ItaW apkvenw kaq-l-Øn-emsI kzoI-cn-°s∏´ Hc-hÿ h∂p-tN¿∂p. apkvenw-Iƒ hntZi-\pIw hen-s®-dn-™-t∏mƒ, sImtfm-Wn-b¬ hnZym-

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

`ym-khpw hntZ-im-[n-]-Xyhpw cq]w-sIm-SpØ Pohn-X-ssi-enbpw at\m-`m-h-hp-ambn h∂ Hcp ]pXnb t\Xr-Xz-Øn-emWv apkvenw cmjvS-ß-fpsS `cWwsN∂p-s]- -Xv. Cu t\Xm-°ƒ°v Ckvem-ans\∏‰n icn-bmb [mcW Xs∂-bn-√.an°-hmdpw A\n-kvem-anI Z¿i-\-߃°pw aqey-߃°pw hiw-h-Z-cm-bn-´mWv Ah-cpsS Pohn-Xw. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬\n∂p In´nb At\Iw Zu¿_-ey-߃ thsd-Øs∂ apkvenw-Iƒ°p-≠mbncp-∂p. C°m-eØv Ckvem-ans\°p-dn®v icn-bmb hnh-c-an-√m-bva, Im]Syw(\n- m-Jv), Ckvem-anI [m¿anI aqey-ß-fpsS A]-N-bw, t\Xr-Xzhpw P\-ßfpwXΩn-ep≈ kwL¿jw, Ckvem-anI cmj-So-b-Øns‚ XI¿®, Chsb-√m-amWvapkvenw kaq-l-Øns‚ ][m\ _e-lo-\-X-Iƒ. kmam\y P\-Øn∂v Ckvem-ant\mSv kvt\l-ap-≠v. AXns‚ A¿Ytamktµ-itam Ah¿ icn-bmbn a\- n-em-°n-bn-´n-√. t\Xr-Xz-am-I-s´, Ckvem-anIPohnX hyh-ÿ°v ]q¿W-ambn hg-ßm≥ Xøm-dn-√m-Ø-h-cpsS ssII-fn-ep-am-Wv. Ah¿°p Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿ-sb-∏‰n icn-bmb hnh-c-hp-an-√. CXpapkvenw kaqlw c≠p hyh-ÿ-IƒXΩn-ep≈ hSw-h-en-bn¬ Dg-em≥ Imc-W-am-°n. Ckvem-anI hyh-ÿbpw ka-Im-eo\ ]m›mXy kwkvIm-c-Øn¬\n∂v]tNm-Z-\-apƒs°m≠ B[p-\nI Pmln-en-øhyh-ÿbpw XΩn-ep≈ hSw-henaXhpw a\p-jys‚ ]mtbm-KnI Pohn-Xhpw th¿s]-Sp-ØWw F∂ XXz-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bn-emWv ]m›mXykwkvImcw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂-sX∂v kphn-Zn-X-am-W-t√m. ssZh-sØtbm ssZhnI\nb-a-sØtbm ]cn-K-Wn-°mØ a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ kmaq-ly- -cm-jvSob LS-\sb Ahs‚ euInI Imcy-ßsf ]mS-Øs∂ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-W-Xm-K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Cu kml-Ncyw Fßs\ \∂m°mw?auZq-Zn-bpsS adp-]Sn hnizm-khpw \nc-¥-c-amb ]cn-i-ahpw aptJ-\.

]m°n-ÿms\ Hcp amXrIm Ckvem-anI kaq-lhpw cmjvS-hp-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Hcp ka-K-]-cn-]mSn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-∂pth≠n hf-sc-b-[nIwDu¿Phpw ka-bhpw auZqZn sNe-h-gn-®p. Xs‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ PaAsØCkvem-anbneq-sS-bmWv Cu ]≤XnAt±lw \S-∏n-em-°m≥ Dt±-in-®-Xv.

auZq-Zn-bpsS ]-≤Xn N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn-∂v apºv At±-l-Øns‚ ]ÿm\wASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-b- Hcp kp]-[m\ XXzwFSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xp≠v: kaq-l-Øn¬,hnti-jn-®pw, B[p-\nI kaq-l-Øn¬_p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒ°v Hcp \n¿Wm-bIÿm\-ap-≠v. a\p-jys‚ _p≤n-]-c-ambtaJ-e-I-fpsS t\XrXzw Iøn-ep≈

euInI Imcy-߃ \S-Øm≥ kma¿Yy-ap≈ Bfp-Iƒ, hnizm-khpw BZ¿ihpwCkvem-anI hyh-ÿsb°pdn®v hy‡-ambn ImgvN-∏m-Sp-ap-≈-h¿ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-se-Øp-tºmƒ Ckvem-anI kaqlw ]mtbm-KnI bmYm¿Yy-ambn amdp-sa∂v auZqZnDu∂n-∏-d-bp-∂p. t\XrXzw F∂ hm°vhnim-e-amb Hc¿Y-Øn-emWv s]mXp-hn¬D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. kaq-l-Øns‚KXn \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-h-cmWv hnh-£.]mam-Wy kvYm\-ap-≈-h-sc∂ \ne-bn¬a‰p≈hcm¬ A\p-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂h¿.hnim-e-amb A¿YØn¬ hnZym-k-º-∂¿.Ah-cn¬ a\pjy Pohn-X-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬^e-h-Ømb ]¶p-h-ln-°p-∂Xv `c-W-ÿm-]-\-߃ \nb-¥n-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv.t\Xr-XzsØ Hcp Xoh-≠n-bpsS ssUh-tdmS v auZqZn D]-an -°p∂p. BssUh¿°v bmX-°msc Xm\m-K-ln-°p∂ GXv `mK-tØ°pw sIm≠p-t]mImw. B[p-\nI kaq-l-Øn¬ c-W-h¿K-Øn-\p≈ ]m[m\yw CXv FSp-Øp-Im- p-∂p.

hnZym-`ym-kw, hm¿Ømhn\n-abam[y-a-߃ kºZv hyh-ÿnXn XpS-ßnbF√m Imcy-ßfpw cmjvS-Øns‚ Iøn-em-b-Xp-sIm≠v a\pjy Pohn-X-Øn¬ Imcy-amb am‰-ap-≠m-°m-\p≈ GXp ]cn-i-ahpw cmjvS-Øns‚ kl-I-c-W-ap-s≠-¶nte hnPbn°pI-bp-≈q.

C°mcyw a\- n¬ sh®p-sIm-≠v,auZqZn Hcp \men\ ]cn-]mSn Bhn-jvI-cn-®p,.

(i) ∆H∂m-a-tØXv _p≤n-]-c-ambH∂m-Wv.. F√m A_-≤-ßfn¬\n∂pwsX‰mb BNm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ Ckvem-anIm[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS hni-Zo-I-c-Ww. h¿Ø-am-\-Ime temIØv Cuimk-\-Iƒ Fßs\ ]mtbm-Kn -I-h¬I°-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Hcp \√ Btcm-Ky-]q¿W-amb hyh-ÿnXn hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥ Fs¥√mw \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Cu hni-Zo-I-cWw hy‡-am-t°≠Xp-≠v. apkvenw ]mc-º-cy-sØbpwB[p-\nI kwkvIm-c-sØbpw Ipdn®Hcp ]T\w CXn-∂m-h-iy-am-Wv. F∂n´vAh-bn¬\n∂v Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb LS-I-߃ th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°-Ww. Jp¿-B-\n-s‚bpw \_n-N-cy-bp-sSbpw A[ym-]-\-ßsf kw_-‘n-t®-S -tØmfw Ahapkvenw-Iƒ Ncn-X-Øns‚ GXv Zi-bnepw]n≥]-t‰-≠-Xm-Wv.

Ckvem-anI Nn¥ \ho-I-cn-t°≠Xn-s\-°p-dn®pw auZqZn t_m[-hm-\m-Wv.CXp-kw-_-‘n-®p≈ At±lØns‚][m-\-s∏´ Hcp \nco-£Ww ImWpI:Jp¿-B≥, kp∂-Øv, CPvXn-lmZv F∂bYm¿Y ap≥K-W-\m-Iaw ssIhn-´-Xn-\m¬ apkvenw kaq-l-Øn\v Bcw-`-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ne-\m-fl-I-Xbpw ssNX-

\yhpw \jvS-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. apkvenw-IƒCu ap≥K-W\mIasØ Xe-Xn-cn-®n- n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Ct∏mƒ Ah¿ BZyw Xncn-bp-∂Xv ]q¿h-Ime ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS A`n-]m-b-ß-fn-te°v, Ah-cpsS CPvXn-lm-Zp-I-fn-te-°-mWv. AXn-\p-tijw amXtaJp¿-B\pw kp∂Øpw t\m°p-∂p-≈q.CXv apkvenw a\- ns\ ac-hn-∏n-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv. apkvenw kaq-l-Øns‚ Bcw-`-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ne-\m-fl-IX Xncn®pIn´-W-sa-¶n¬ C∂-sØ Cu ap≥K-W-\m-Iaw Dt]-£n®v icn-bmb ap≥K-W\mIa-Øn-te°v aS-tß-≠-Xp-≠v. AXm-b-Xv, BZyw Jp¿-B-\n-te°pw c≠m-aXvkp∂-Øn-te°pw aq∂m-aXv amXw ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS \nK-a-\-ß-fn-te°pw KthjW^e-ß-fn-te°pw Xncn-bpI F∂¿Yw.

(ii) \∑tbmSv B`n-ap-Jyhpw \∑-bpsS kwÿm-] -\ -Øn\v th≠n]h¿Øn-°m≥ Xm¬]-cy-ap -≈-hscIs≠-Øp-I-bp-amWv c≠m-asØ Imcyw.Ahsc Xncn-®-dn™v Hcp kwL-SnX kaq-l-am-°-Ww. Ah-cn¬ hy‡-amb HcpImgvN-∏mSv krjvSn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsSPohnXw ip≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-cnƒDØa [m¿anI kz`mhw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-Ibpw thWw. icn-bmb Ckvem-anIImgvN-∏mSpw Ckvem-anI kz`m-h-hp-ap-≈-tXm-sSm∏w temI-Im-cy-߃ \S-Øm-\p≈ ss[j-WnI tijnbpw sshZ-KvZy-hp-ap≈ Hcp kwLw Bfp-Iƒ Ah-cpsSi‡nbpw hn -h-ti-jnbpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn hyh-ÿm-]nX coXn -bn¬]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ amXta Ckvem-anIhyhÿ \ne-hn¬h-cm-≥ ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bp≈-q. AXp-sIm≠v Db¿∂A¿∏-W-t_m-[hpw kz`m-h-a-ln-a-bp-ap≈Hcp hn`m-KsØ Ckvem-anI \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bmbn \ne-\n¿Ø-W-sa∂ Imcyw auZqZn Du∂n∏d-bp-∂p.s]cp-∏-Øn-\p-th≠n KpWw _en-I-gn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. auZq-Zn-bpsS ho£WwNmƒkv sP. BUw-kns‚ hm°p-I-fn¬]d-™m¬, ""Hcp kaq-lsØ ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°m-\p≈ G‰hpw DØ-a-amb am¿KwAdnhpw A¿∏-W-t_m-[-hpw A®-S°hp-ap≈ Hcp sNdphn`m-KsØ krjvSn-°p-I-bm-Wv.'' ""kaq-lsØ apgp-h≥ ]mI-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Hcp-Øa hn`m-Kw, Hcp tamN-\-i‡n!'' Cu hn`mKw Hcn-°epw \n›-e-am-bn-°q-Sm, adn®v Xß-fpsS ho£Ww]N-cn-∏n®pw \oXn-bp-sSbpw \∑-bp-sSbpwkwÿm-]-\-Øn¬ kl-I-cn-°m≥ a‰p-≈-hsc t]m’m-ln-∏n®pwsIm≠v kZmhnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-Ww.

(iii) aq∂m-a-tØ-Xv, Ckvem-anIm[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Ønep≈ kmaq-lnIam‰-߃ sIm≠p-h-cm-\p≈ ]cn-i-a-am-Wv.Ckvem-anI Z¿i-\-tØmSv ]Xn-_-≤-X-bp-≈-h¿, Npcp-ßn-b-]£w, Ckvem-anIm`n-

P.C. AºXmw hm¿jnI ]Xn∏v

ap -Jyhpw a\p -jy -k-aq -l-Øns‚t£aØn¬ Xm¬]-cy-hp-ap-≈-h¿, Ah-cpsS ka-bhpw A[zm-\hpw hn -h-ß-fpw,]c-am-h[n Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcp ]cn-h¿Ø\w kwPm-X-am-°m-≥ sNe-h-gn-°-Ww. kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\p≈Cu ]cn-]mSn ka-K-amb H∂m-Wv. F√mCkvem-anI ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp -sSbpwtIµw ]≈n-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. hnZym- ymkwhfsc ][m-\-am-Wv. Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm\ XXz-߃ P\-߃°p ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°-Ww. htbm-P\ hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\p kuI-cy-ß-fp-≠m-°-Ww. hmb-\-im-e-Iƒ ÿm]n-°-Ww. hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn-ep≈ hnZym- ymk ÿm]-\-߃ D≠m-h-Ww. kmaq-lnI Pohn-X-Øns‚ taJ-e-bn¬, A\o-Xn-bn¬\n∂v P\-ßsf c£-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ P\-k-Ω¿±-Øns‚ am¿KwAh-ew-_n-°-Ww. Btcm-Ky-I-c-ambPohnX kuI-cy-ß-sfm-cp-°m≥ P\-߃°n-S-bn¬ Btcm-Ky-sØbpw ipNn-Xz-sØbpw kl-I-c-W-sØ-bpw-Ip-dn®t_m[w hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°-Ww. hn[-h-Iƒ,hnI-emw-K¿, A\m-Y¿, AK-Xn-Iƒ, ZcnZhnZym¿Yn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS enÃvXbm-dm°n Ah¿°v kmº-ØnI klm-b-sa-Øn-°m≥ kwhn-[m-\-ap-≠m-°-Ww.P\-ß-fpsS (hn-ti-jn®v Zcn-Z-cp-sS)Btcm-Ky-kw-_-‘-amb Bh-iy-߃km[n-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ sNø-Ww. Npcp-°-Øn¬ Ckvem-anImZ¿i-ß-fm¬ ]tNm-Zn-X-ambn P\-ß-fpsS aX-]-chpw [m¿an-Ihpw kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb t£aw hf¿Øn-sbSp-°p-I, a\pjy Pohn-X-Øns‚ kaK]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\p-X-Ip∂ kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy-߃ krjvSn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw e£yw.

(iv) ]cn-]m-Sn-bnse \mem-asØC\w, hnime t\Xr-Xz-am-Ip-∂p. ss[j-WnI taJ-e-bn-ep≈ t\Xr-Xzhpw kmaq-ln-I- -kmw-kvIm-cnI cwK-ß-fnse t\Xr-Xzhpw A¥n-a-ambn cmjvSob t\Xr-Xz-hpw. HSp-hn¬ ]d-™Xv (cmjv-Sob t\Xr-Xzw) Cu ]In-b-bpsS ]cn-]q¿Øn-bm-Wv. Ckvemw hn`m-h\w sNøp∂ hyh-ÿnXn kwÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ A\n-hmcy D]m-[n-bm-bmWv cmjvSsØ auZqZnImWp-∂-Xv. Ckvem-ans\°p-dn® hy‡-amb ImgvN-∏mSpw icn-bmb Ckvem-anI]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw kz`m-hhpw ]m]vXn-bp-ap-≈-h¿ Imcy-߃ \nb-¥n-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ Ckvem-anI cmjvSw ANn-¥y-am-bn-°pw.

Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ t\Xr-Xz-am-‰w,P\m-bØ kº-Zm-b-Øn¬ s]mXp-sX-c-s™-Sp-∏pIfneqsS km[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.Ckvem-anI]ÿm\w Imcy-am-bn v apt∂m-´p-t]m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ k®-cn-X-cmbBfp-Isf A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-ß-fn-se-Øn-

°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ auZq-Zn°v]Xym-i-bp-≠v. P\m-bØ coXn Ckvem-anI cmjvS-Øn\p tNcp-∂-XmWv F∂Imcy-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn\v kwi-b-an-√.Ckvem-anI]ÿm-\-Øn\v hf-cm\pwi‡n-]m-]n-°m\pw AXp e£y-am-°p∂kºq¿W ]cn-h¿Ø\w km[n-°m\pwBh-iy-amb N -°qSv P\m-[n-]Xy kwhn-[m\w \¬Ip-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn-\p-d-∏p-≠v. C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬ bYm¿YP\m-[n-]Xy hyh-ÿnXn ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ImØp-kq-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠nAt±lw i‡-ambn \ne-sIm-≠p.hnπ-htam ]cn-jvI-c-Wtam?

auZqZn e£yan´ kaqe ]cn-h¿Ø-\sØ At±lw "hnπhw' F∂mWv an°-t∏mgpw hnti-jn-∏n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. F¶n-epw,B[p-\n-I-Im-eØv Nne hnπ-h-]-ÿm-\-߃ Xß-fpsS e£y-km-[y-Øn-\p-th≠n kzoI-cn® hnπ-h-am¿K-ß-tfmSvbmsXmcp ]Xn-]-Ønbpw auZq-Zn-°n-√.

]m›mXy hnπh kao-]-\-߃ c≠vXohXIƒ°n-S-bn¬ Atßm- p-an-tßm´pwBSp-I-bmWv ^©v -hn-πhw, djy≥ hnπ-hw, Xp¿°n-bnse Iem-anÃv hnπhwF∂n-h-sb-°p-dn® Hcp hna¿i\ ]T-\-Øn¬ auZqZn ]d-bp-∂p. ka-Im-eo\ hnπ-h-]-ÿm-\-߃ s]mXpsh kzo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp ASn-ÿm\ XXzw, kmaq-ln-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hpw, cmjvSo-b-hp-ambN´-°q-Sv, a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ `uXn-Ihpw kmaq-ln-I-hp-amb LS-\, am‰n-s°m-≠v \∑-bn-te-°p≈ Hcp kaq-e-am-‰-ap-≠m-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂m-Wv. a\p-jy-\n¬ am‰-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xsb Cu hnπ-h-Im-cn-Iƒ Ah-K-Wn-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv. AYhm a\p-jys‚ PohnXho£-Ww, Ahs‚ Pohn-X-e-£yw,Ahs‚ tNmZ-\, hy‡nXzw F∂nhamdp∂ Imcyw Ah¿ hnkva-cn-®n-cn-°-bm-Wv. Ckvem-anI hnπhw e£y-am-°p-∂XvIqSp-X¬ AKm-[hpw kaq-e-hp-amb Hcpam‰-am-Wv. Cu am‰w a\p-jy-s\, a\p-jy-s\∂ hy‡n-sb-°qSn Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p.Ah-\m-Wt√m ]pXnb hyh-ÿ°v ASn-ÿm-\-ambn th≠-Xv.

hnπ-h-߃, s]mXp-hn¬, hntZz-jhpw hym]-Iam AI-ahpw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≠v. _e-]-tbm-KsØ Hgn-hm-°m≥ ]‰m-ØXpw \oXo-I-cn-°-Ø-°-Xp-amb G‰hpw Ipd™ Af-hn¬ amXwAh-ew-_n-°pI F∂ coXn Ah kzoI-cn-®n- n-√. km[m-cW Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ hnπ-h-X-¥-߃ H∂pw auZqZn AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb Nne"hnπh' X¥-ß-fn-eq-sS-bmWv Ckvem-anI\thm -∞m\w km[n -t°-≠-sX∂vAt±lw Du∂n∏d-bp-∂p. A¥n-a-e£ywkaK ]cn-h¿Ø-\-am-bn-cn-s°, AXn-te-°p≈ apt∂‰w kmh-[m-\-Øn-ep-≈Xpw

\∂mbn Bkq-XWw sNbvXXp-am-h-Ww.\ne-hn-ep≈ apgp-h≥ kº-Zm-b-߃°p-sa-Xnsc A‘-ambn ]Xn-I-cn-®p-sIm≠vAhsb DSs\ \in-∏n-°m≥ ian-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw \nb-¥n-X-amb Hcp kao-]-\amWv Bh-iy-sa∂v At±lw ]d-bp-∂p.lm\n-I-c-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ amt‰-≠-tX-sX∂pw Btcm-Ky-I-c-sa∂ \ne-bn¬\ne-\n¿tØ-≠-tX-sX∂pw i≤m-]q¿hw]cn-tim-[n-°-Ww. am‰-Øn-\p-th≠n ian-°p-∂-h¿, tcmKnsb kao-]n -°p∂ikvX-Inbm hnZ-KvZs‚ kq£vaX ]men-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. A\-`n-e-j-Wo-b-am-bhamXw tOZn-®p-I-f-bm-\m-bn-cn°pw HcpikvX-Inbm hnZ-KvZ≥ Abm-fpsS D]-I-c-W-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-I. Ckvemw ÿm]n-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂ ]pXnb hyh-ÿn-Xn,\ne-hn-ep≈ hyh-ÿn-Xn-bn¬\n∂pwXo¿Øpw hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. AXv hn`m-h\wsNøp∂ am‰w ka-K-am-Wv. Cu A¿Y-ØnemWv Ckvem-anI kao-]-\sØ hnπ-h-I-c-sa∂v auZqZn hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.AtX-k-a-bw, Cu ]cn-h¿Ø\w kmh-[m-\-Ønepw i≤m-]q¿hhpw Bkq-Xn-X-hp-amb \o°-ß-fn-eqsS thWw sIm≠p-h-cm-s\∂ Imcy-Øn¬ At±-l-Øn\vkwi-b-an-√. \ΩpsS ImesØ hnπ-h-Im-cn-Ifpw A√m-Ø-h-cp-amb an°-bm-fp-Ifpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ "e£yw am¿KsØkm[q-I-cn°pw' F∂ Bi-bsØ auZqZn\nin-X-ambn FXn¿°p-∂p. e£yhpwam¿Khpw Hcp-t]mse ip≤hpw BZ-c-Wo-b-hp-am-sW-¶nte Btcm-Ky-I-c-amb Hcphyh-ÿnXn \ne-hn¬ hcq.

hnh: s]m^. ]n.-]n. jmlp¬l-aoZv