(2010.6.14) Digital Native By Shin

국립중앙도서관 디지털도서관 개관 1주년

What digital natives want from the library?

2010.6.15.

Dr. Yong Eon Shin

Director, National Digital Library of Korea(assisted by Jinho Park, Senior Researcher, National Digital Library of Korea)

1. Big Trend

• Map of the world 2.0

[http://media.appappeal.com]

1. Big Trend

• Social Web Map

[http://sdow.semanticweb.org]

1. Big Trend

• Web 2.0 identifies the web trends and phenomena since the col-lapse of dotcom, and has characteristics such as openness, sharing and participation. The term has since gained popularity and the idea of a second generation, a “2.0”, was attached to other concepts and terms.

Core Characteristics

- User-centered Design- Crowd-sourcing

- Collective Intelligence- Web as Platform

- Collaboration- Power Decentralisation

- Dynamic Content- SaaS

- Rich User Experience

Business 2.0

E-learning 2.0

Government 2.0

Health 2.0

Law 2.0

Mobile 2.0

Library 2.0

• In Korea, however, many would argue that our internet culture is closed and confined. Though high-speed internet services are of-fered inexpensively, Korean internet culture is rigidly structured.

• As a result, Korean library services could not break away from such a framework. Most services provided under the banner of “open-ness,” remain in the form of providing a different avenue of informa-tion using existing protocols such as RSS and providing news through popular media such as blogs.

• The improvement of AJAX and X-internet-based process, in fact, simply moved the business management system of a client-server structure onto the web and did not achieve efficiency by improving actual business process.

1. Big Trend

• However, until today, most user service improvements are limited to web services.

• The improvement was approached only technically with-out considering the thoughts and characteristics of future library users.

1. Big Trend

2. Digital Natives as Future Users

• Who creates the information and Who uses the informa-tion.


• Human Keyword in Information Society

Keyword Definition

Prosumer A portmanteau formed by contracting the word producer with the word con-sumer. This term identifies a consumer who plays the role of a producer by requesting product development and suggesting ideas. In the world of informa-tion technology, the word means a progressive consumer who actively creates, distributes and uses information at places like Wikipedia.

Transumer A portmanteau formed by combining the prefix trans and the word consumer indicating a consumer in transition. Originally, it was an economic concept which meant increased consumption at train stations and hotels due to growing number of consumers. In the world of information technology, the word means a user who uses and creates information while moving via mobile devices.

G Generation The word means the current young generation who is born during the mid 80s and early 90s, accustomed to digital and building relationships in a virtual environment, and has a sense of globalism.

Digital Natives While “digital immigrants” mean a generation who grows by accepting digital technologies, “digital natives” are raised with digital technologies such as internet and smart phones since their birth.


• Analysis on G Generation from “CARE” Perspective

Perspective Characteristic

Companion Cyber-oriented relationship building Communicates and maintains relationships through internet and mobile devices Forms an online community and extends it offline Keeps relationships through social networking services (“SNS”) such as

messengerAttribute Self-centered value and fun culture

Has active and self-centered expression, yet lacks self-identity Seeks light and fun culture as well as things that are simple, real, and fast Has a mania-like consumption propensity which is diverse and subdivided

Region Sense of globalism Has global mindset through internet and overseas experience Takes pride in the current national achievements and the promoted national

status in the world Is clustered in a specific location and integrates digital communication

Economic Circumstance

Bipolarized economic environment Parents’ concentrated interest and investment in education Focuses on building resume and values money the best Is less influential than the past, but still leads major trends

[KT DigiECO]


• Characteristics of Digital Natives

Characteristic Description

Multitasking Good at multitasking and parallel processing Their brain structure has been changed to process a lot of information as they grow

exposed to enormous amounts of information such as more than 600 TV channels and more than 8bn web pages.

Good at focusing on and processing different subjects at the same time. Quick Response Generation which seeks quick responses

Grown in an environment where one can instantly communicate with others via cell phone, instant messenger, and text message.

Familiar with giving instant evaluation and feedback, and resolving questions through hyperlink.

The generation’s lack of patience is the clear counter-evidence that the existing generation is too slow.

Active self-ex-pression

Familiar with self-expression and discussion They actively express themselves through their web sites and online communication

services and voice their opinions in a group setting at offline sitesSeeking challenge and fun

No distinction between “playing” and “working” Working should be fun like entertainment or games. Difficult to concentrate in a boring task regardless of its importance. They are motivated by challenge and fun.

[LG Economic Research Institute]


• Their ideas and actions incorporate all aspects of digital information society. – While digital immigrants accepted and became accustomed to

the convenience of digital technologies, digital natives were raised in a digital environment from birth. This is the very reason this paper designates digital natives as future users.

– In fact, the characteristics of digital natives are reflective of the current digital environment. If we need a more accurate analysis, we can accurately predict changes in the future society and as-sume the lives of digital natives. However, it is difficult to esti-mate the speed of technological development in information technology and the overall changes in society due to the ad-vancement of IT technologies.


• IT Megatrends by Samsung SDS


Ubiquitous collaboration

Produce information creatively and work efficiently through collaboration whenever and wherever regardless of devices (collaborate using micro-blog and improve work efficiency)

Mobile platform A platform which executes mobile applications on a mobile device with com-puting capability

Cloud convergence

The application of clouding computing which achieves less cost and increases business swiftness, the existing solutions and infrastructures are changed to cloud-based ones. (clouding of data centers and conversion of an existing ap-plication development platform to a PaaS platform)

Data protection

With the expansion of clouding computing, the importance of data manage-ment, storage, restoration, ownership, and access management increases to pro-tect individual’s information and the business continuity of corporations.

Green by IT If “Green IT” focuses on reducing energy consumption of IT, “Green by IT” tries to reduce the carbon emission of non-IT.


• IT Megatrends by Samsung SDS


Immersive interface

Immersive interface, which allows users to concentrate, became important as the significance of design and methods to differentiate products and services increased, and as a virtual environment and movement recognition technology advanced. (Natal Project by Microsoft, augmented reality (“AR”) navigation, etc.)

Predictive intelligence

As uncertainties in the business environment surge and social, economic risks increase due to globalization, people start to prepare for a future environment using predictive intelligence.


Transitions in Libraries

Constant requests for a new library and consequent development in the information society gave birth to many keywords and concepts such as an electronic library, digital library, ubiquitous library, and hybrid library.

A digital library enables the search and use of library resources in a virtual/online environment as well as the management, storage, and handing down of digital information resources including the web. Moreover, there is a growing interest in a semantic digital library as people are active in realizing a semantic web and various technologies and concepts (RDF/OWL, SPAQLE, etc.).

As you can see from the fact that libraries are coming up with new ideas such as a social semantic digital library for users who are accustomed to social network services, the concept and objective of a library are transforming.


Transitions in Libraries

The social semantic digital library incorporates the fact that today’s users use social network services to communicate and exchange information on the web.

It is a significant change for libraries to participate directly in a social service where users participate and provide feedback, and to recognize the infrastructure as a part of a new digital library.

In order to participate more actively and promote their usage, libraries shall open up their information and establish a more open environment.


Digital Natives and Libraries

In the informatization society, further development cannot be achieved by simply introducing and applying technologies bought with money.

Its fundamental solution, then, will be to think about who creates and uses information, and to incorporate ways in which the producer and consumer of information can communicate well with each other. In this way, a library can be advanced and improved fundamentally.

Therefore, it is crucial for the national library to know who creates and uses information.

3. Requirement of Libraries for Digital Na-tives

01

02

Flexible organization and Management/Service System

Open most valuable assets

03 Preserve digital cultures

04 Exit everywhere

05 Make information appealing

06 Think about librarian roles


▐ Many methodologies : BPM, EA, and SOA, etc.

▐ Flexibility in a business structure and organization, in principle.

▐ IT is the most effective tool which supports the operation of business structure.

▐ A wrong organization and business structure cannot create an excellent informatization environment.

▐ A library needs to adapt to the enormous and rapidly changing environment and be responsive to users who are accustomed to the environment.

▐ Digital natives are those who are already accustomed to and accepting of variable and rapid improvements.

01 Library must have a flexible organization and management/service system


▐ Libraries provide secondary sources to allow users quick and accurate access to primary information.

▐ Catalog and Metadata are such information sources.

▐ The “linked data,” which is recently noted as a path toward a semantic web, is a good example.

▐ Disclosing the lists libraries have provides a foundation for users to create various relationships with libraries.

▐ The disclosure of catalog is not just for the survival of libraries, but also for the users to participate, share and open up.

▐ As a result, digital natives will be able to access libraries from everywhere.

02 Libraries shall open up their most valuable assets to the public.


▐ For digital natives, the internet, websites, blogs, Twitter, Facebook, and CyWorld are not just information services. They are cultural elements that digital natives embrace.

▐ As people can learn about the past in the museum, it is important for libraries to preserve such digital cultures.

▐ Although libraries can provide various experiences to users through the preservation of digital cultures, the preservation entails new opportunity costs, enormous infrastructures and maintenance.

▐ In fact, since digital cultures rely on information technology, there is no end to their preservation. Digital natives who are the future users also demand new information management infrastructures.

03 Libraries shall preserve digital cultures.


▐ The changes brought on by the mobile environment make physical restrictions insignificant.

▐ The services I use now can always be integrated with other services I have. As these new services are based on my human network.

▐ Digital natives are accustomed to receiving information from peers and delivering the information to others.

▐ Therefore, if libraries continue to maintain their passive delivery style, libraries will become unable to communicate with its users. It is necessary, therefore, for libraries to establish a new structure and service to approach users.

04 Libraries shall exist everywhere users exist.


▐ The evaluation of information differs based on the objectives of those who use the information.

▐ The fragmentary metadata information organized by processors for convenient and accurate searches is no longer sufficient enough for some users.

▐ Offering boring and unilateral second-hand information where there is no feedback is losing its value as a service.

▐ While the need for information to be maintained cannot be denied, the loss in value of unused information cannot be ignored.

▐ We have to keep in mind that an increase in digitalized data accelerates the advent of various types of information on the same subject and allows the visualization of these models.

05 Libraries need to process information to make it appealing.


▐ Libraries are the oldest institutions which manage information, and the importance of libraries are growing in the informatization society, they face a lot of crises at the same time.

▐ Digital natives, who have become leaders in information production and consumption, may not want the librarians of the past.

▐ To them, librarians can be just one of many information providers or the final informers with the most credible information.

▐ From the perspective of knowledge management, the most important factor is not the location of information, but who knows how to access that information.

▐ Libraries are still valuable as an aggregate of the most trustworthy information and knowledge.

06 Libraries must think about changes in the roles of librarians.

4. Conclusion

• Talking about a future library requires a lot of background knowledge and analysis on the overall social phenom-ena. – The quickest and most accurate way to know what someone

needs is to ask the person. – The best way will be to predict various situations and prepare

them in advance. – Although digital natives exist today, they will become a growing

percentage of library users who naturally embrace and grow with new inventions in near future.

– Libraries can be transformed into places where digital natives can communicate with librarians and obtain the information they seek regardless of time, location, and method.

[Reference]

[1] Kang, Seung-hun. 2004. “New Mankind of Digital Era, Digital Natives”. LG Weekly Economy 』 . No. 795.

[2] Park, Jin-ho. 2007. 21C Megatrends and Digital Library. 『 2007 Exchanges between Korean and Chinese National Libraries』 , Sept. 14, 2007. [Seoul: The National Library of Korea]

[3] Digieco. 2010. Secure Future Markets by Embracing G Generation.

[4] Michael E. Casey and Laura C. Savastinuk. 2006. Service for the next-generation library, Library Journal

[5] Michael Stephens and Maria Collins. 2007. Web2.0, Library 2.0, and Hyperlinked Library. Serials Revies, 33(4). 253-256

[6] Brevik, Thomas. 2005. "Miromurr's photos." [ciled 2006.4.28]. http://www.flictckr.com/photos/brevik/

[7] http://www.tlc2009.co.kr/tlc2009/index.jsp

[8] http://manko.tistory.com/207

[9] http://media.appappeal.com/map/map20.JPG

[10] http://www.techpluto.com/web-20-services/

[11] http://givinginadigitalworld.files.wordpress.com/2009/06/social-network-map1.jpg

http://manko.tistory.com/207

http://media.appappeal.com/map/map20.JPG

http://www.techpluto.com/web-20-services/

Thank You!

(2010.6.14) Digital Native By Shin

Education

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