Www.soran.edu.iq M. Saadatian Photosynthesis 1. Photosynthesis.
20100906140910 presentation1 photosynthesis
Transcript of 20100906140910 presentation1 photosynthesis
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What are the process occurs in photosynthesis?
How starch is synthesize?
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THYLAKOID
ChloroplastDark reaction occurs
Light reaction occurs
STROMA
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Light Reactiono Light energy Chemical energyo Chlorophyll & accessory pigments absorb
slightly different color of light and pass its energy to central chlorophyll molecule (Chlorophyll a) to do photosynthesis.
o Two forms of chlorophyll a molecules(a)P700 in PSI (700 nm)(b)P680 in PSII(680 nm)o Role of Photosystem:Provide sufficient energy to boost the
photoactivated electron to an energy level high enough accepted by NADP
: pump proton across thylakoid membranes.
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Non-cyclic photophosphorylation
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Cyclic Photophosphorylation
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Photosynthesis: Pathway of Carbon Fixation
STARCH
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CO2 combines with the phosphorylated 5-carbon sugar ribulose bisphosphate (RUBP)
reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (RUBISCO)
resulting 6-carbon compound breaks down into two molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA).
PGA molecules are further phosphorylated (by ATP) and are reduced (by NADPH) to form phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL).
Enzyme responsible for fixing 200 bilion
tons of CO2 anually
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Phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL) serves as the starting material for the synthesis of glucose and fructose.
Glucose and fructose
PolysaccharideSynthesis starch & cellulose
Travel to other part of the plant
As Monomer
Sucrose
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CARBOXYLATION
REDUCTION
REGENERATION
CO2 + H20
3-phosphoglycerate
ATP + NADPH
ADP + Pi NADP+
Triose PhosphateSucrose, Starch
ATP
ADP
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Equation of sugar glucose
6CO2 + 12H2O C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2
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CH2O~PChlorophyll
H20
O2
CH2O~P
H20
CO2 + H2O
(CH2O)n
ATP
[ADP + Pi], NADP+
+ NADPH
Light
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Reduction Processin Calvin cycle
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• Adds a phosphate from ATP to the 3-PGA • removes hydrogen from NADPH and adds it
to the 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate • In this reduction, a phosphate is removed • resulting NADP+, ADP, and Pi can be recycled
to the light reactions • These steps demonstrate why the light
reactions and Calvin cycle are interdependent
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Why convert Glucose to Starch?
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• products of photosynthesis are assembled in plant to make glucose
• Glucose (C6H12O6) is a monosaccharide or single sugar
• plant uses glucose as short-term energy storage • converted into a polysaccharide called starch,
allowing the plant to store most of the energy collected in photosynthesis in the chemical bonds between the sugars
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• When the plant needs energy, the bonds holding the glucose molecules together are broken, and energy is released
• Starch is a better way to store energy because it has more bonds to hold potential energy and it can be stored in large amounts without disturbing the rest of the plant.