2010 PVHS NHSPE Review Science Physics Part 1… Energy.

2010 PVHS NHSPE Review2010 PVHS NHSPE ReviewScienceScience

Physics Part 1… EnergyPhysics Part 1… Energy

Timeline GuideTimeline Guide

PreQuiz…PreQuiz… Notes and Notes and

Concept Map… Concept Map… Average 2 Average 2 minutes per slide minutes per slide

Pie Chart Pie Chart ExplanationExplanation

Demos/ ActivityDemos/ Activity

TotalTotal

10 Minutes10 Minutes 20 Minutes . 20 Minutes .

. . . .

2 Minutes 2 Minutes . .

20 Minutes20 Minutes


What we need to know…What we need to know…

1.1. Which of the following examples has the greatest thermal Which of the following examples has the greatest thermal (internal) energy? (internal) energy? a)a) 5 kg of water with a temperature of 150°C 5 kg of water with a temperature of 150°C

b)b) 8 kg of water with a temperature of 110°C 8 kg of water with a temperature of 110°C

c)c) 10 kg of water with a temperature of 90°C 10 kg of water with a temperature of 90°C

d)d) 100 kg of water with a temperature of 28°C 100 kg of water with a temperature of 28°C

2.2. A ball is initially dropped from a height 4 meters. After the ball A ball is initially dropped from a height 4 meters. After the ball bounces it returns to a height of only 2 meters. How much of bounces it returns to a height of only 2 meters. How much of the ball’s initial gravitational potential energy was transformed the ball’s initial gravitational potential energy was transformed between the initial position and the final position of the ball? between the initial position and the final position of the ball? a)a) One fourth of the total energy. One fourth of the total energy.

b)b) Half of the total energy. Half of the total energy.

c)c) Double the total energy. Double the total energy.

d)d) Four times the total energy. Four times the total energy.


3.3. Energy is created as the result which activity? Energy is created as the result which activity? a)a) Burning gasoline in an internal combustion engine. Burning gasoline in an internal combustion engine.

b)b) Damming a river for hydroelectric power. Damming a river for hydroelectric power.

c)c) Rolling a marble down an incline plane. Rolling a marble down an incline plane.

d)d) Energy can only be transformed, not created. Energy can only be transformed, not created.

4.4. Aluminum was once used as the wires in home construction. Aluminum was once used as the wires in home construction. Recently, it was changed to copper wires. Which of the following Recently, it was changed to copper wires. Which of the following statements statements BESTBEST account for why aluminum was replaced with account for why aluminum was replaced with copper? copper? a)a) When electrical energy is passed through a copper wire, less of the When electrical energy is passed through a copper wire, less of the

energy removes copper atoms from the wire. energy removes copper atoms from the wire.

b)b) The electrical energy that a copper wire can transfer is less than The electrical energy that a copper wire can transfer is less than an aluminum wire. an aluminum wire.

c)c) As a byproduct of transmission, more electrical energy is transformed As a byproduct of transmission, more electrical energy is transformed to wasted thermal energy in aluminum wire than in copper to wasted thermal energy in aluminum wire than in copper

d)d) The electrical energy that passes through an aluminum wire cannot be The electrical energy that passes through an aluminum wire cannot be directed as well as the energy passing through copper. directed as well as the energy passing through copper.


5.5. In an alternating current (AC) circuit, In an alternating current (AC) circuit, a)a) voltages can be easily increased and decreased within the circuit allowing voltages can be easily increased and decreased within the circuit allowing

for lower energy losses during transmission. for lower energy losses during transmission.

b)b) voltages change direction several times a second to generate electrical voltages change direction several times a second to generate electrical charge more rapidly. charge more rapidly.

c)c) rapid current changes regulate the ease at which electricity passes rapid current changes regulate the ease at which electricity passes through the circuit. through the circuit.

d)d) current most often is high to prevent energy losses during transmission, current most often is high to prevent energy losses during transmission, but can be low to decrease the voltage in the circuit. but can be low to decrease the voltage in the circuit.

6.6. Which of the following describes how a dam creates electricity? Which of the following describes how a dam creates electricity? a)a) Water is heated up and creates steam to turn the generator to create Water is heated up and creates steam to turn the generator to create

electricity. electricity.

b)b) Gravitational potential energy transfers to kinetic energy which turns a Gravitational potential energy transfers to kinetic energy which turns a generator. generator.

c)c) Electrons are removed from the water as it passes and creates electricity. Electrons are removed from the water as it passes and creates electricity.

d)d) Water flows over wires in the dam which creates current from the water.Water flows over wires in the dam which creates current from the water.


7.7. A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a block of A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a block of wood. If the action force is the hammer striking the nail, the wood. If the action force is the hammer striking the nail, the reaction force is reaction force is a)a) the nail striking the wood with an equal and opposite force. the nail striking the wood with an equal and opposite force.

b)b) the nail striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force. the nail striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force.

c)c) the wood striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force. the wood striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force.

d)d) the wood striking the nail with an equal and opposite force. the wood striking the nail with an equal and opposite force.

8.8. Which of the following would supply the greatest acceleration Which of the following would supply the greatest acceleration when applied to a 10 kg mass? when applied to a 10 kg mass? a)a) 5N 5N

b)b) 10N 10N

c)c) 15N 15N

d)d) 20N20N


9.9. Use the diagram to answer the question below. Use the diagram to answer the question below.

A cart is being pulled North across a carpeted floor. Which direction is the A cart is being pulled North across a carpeted floor. Which direction is the force of friction acting?force of friction acting?a)a) North North

b)b) South South

c)c) East East

d)d) West West

10.10. You have created a track out of cardboard for a marble to travel You have created a track out of cardboard for a marble to travel down. In order for the marble to complete the track, why does the down. In order for the marble to complete the track, why does the first hill have to be the highest? first hill have to be the highest? a)a) The friction caused by the track resists the motion of the marble. The friction caused by the track resists the motion of the marble.

b)b) The friction caused by the track increases the motion of the marble. The friction caused by the track increases the motion of the marble.

c)c) Gravity is pulling down on the marble causing it to slow down. Gravity is pulling down on the marble causing it to slow down.

d)d) Gravity is pulling down on the marble causing it to speed up. Gravity is pulling down on the marble causing it to speed up.

What is Energy?What is Energy?

Energy is… Energy is… The ability of an object to The ability of an object to

produce a change in itself or produce a change in itself or its environmentits environment

It is a measure of the It is a measure of the capacity to produce change.capacity to produce change.Sometimes Sometimes WorkWork is is

associated with changeassociated with changeWork transfers energy, but Work transfers energy, but

energy can also be energy can also be transferred by transferred by HeatHeat and and RadiationRadiation

Can Energy be Created?Can Energy be Created?

Law of Conservation of EnergyLaw of Conservation of Energy- Energy - Energy cannot be created or destroyedcannot be created or destroyed Total amount of energy is constantTotal amount of energy is constant Energy can only be stored or transferredEnergy can only be stored or transferred

… stretching the bow transfers chemical energy from your muscles into potential energy in the bow and string

… releasing the arrow transfers potential energy in the bow to kinetic energy in the arrow

EnergyCapacity

for change

Can’t create or destroy

Store it

Transfer it

Sun

What is the earth’s primary energy What is the earth’s primary energy source?source? The sun releases the energy stored in The sun releases the energy stored in

atoms through atoms through FusionFusion FusionFusion combinescombines the atoms of an the atoms of an

element to create a different elementelement to create a different element Energy is transferred to earth by Energy is transferred to earth by

RadiationRadiation Electromagnetic waves like lightElectromagnetic waves like light Higher frequency… higher energyHigher frequency… higher energy

waves

radiation

light

The sun does not

“burn” and it does not “create” energy

EnergyCapacity

for change


Store it

Transfer it

Radiation

Waves

Light

X

Sun

How else can energy transfer?How else can energy transfer? WorkWork transfers energy transfers energy WorkWork is a is a ForceForce that causes displacement that causes displacement

(moves an object a distance)(moves an object a distance) W=FxdW=Fxd Whenever work is done there is Whenever work is done there is FrictionFriction

Friction always opposes motion and causes Friction always opposes motion and causes energy loss to the environmentenergy loss to the environment

Work

Force

Distance

Friction

Remember… Force is a pull or push on an object and is only related to energy by work… energy is not a force

EnergyCapacity

for change


Store it

Transfer it

Radiation

Work

Heat

Force

Distance

Thermal Energy

Vibrating atoms

and molecules

Friction

Waves

Light

X

Sun

How else can energy How else can energy transfer?transfer? Heat Heat also transfers also transfers

energyenergy HeatHeat is energy is energy

transferred between transferred between objects at different objects at different temperatures temperatures Higher temp… faster Higher temp… faster

atoms run into Lower atoms run into Lower temp… slower atoms temp… slower atoms

The random motion of The random motion of atoms is atoms is Thermal EnergyThermal Energy

EnergyCapacity

for change


Store it

Transfer it

Radiation

Work

Heat

Force

Distance

Thermal Energy

Vibrating atoms

and molecules

Friction

Waves

Light

X

Sun

Thermal EnergyThermal Energy Virtually every energy transfer involves Virtually every energy transfer involves

friction and temperature differencesfriction and temperature differences Some energy is always lost to the Some energy is always lost to the

environment as thermal energyenvironment as thermal energy We try to counteract this by designing We try to counteract this by designing

more efficient devicesmore efficient devices

EnergyCapacity

for change


Store it

Transfer it

Kinetic

Objects in

motion

Radiation

Work

Heat

Snowboarder

Force

Distance

Thermal Energy

Vibrating atoms

and molecules

Friction

Waves

Light

X

Sun How is energy stored?How is energy stored? Kinetic energy Kinetic energy is the energy stored in the is the energy stored in the

motion of objectsmotion of objects Any object in motion has stored energyAny object in motion has stored energy KE = ½ mass x velocityKE = ½ mass x velocity22

KE energy increases greatly with speedKE energy increases greatly with speed

EnergyCapacity

for change


Store it

Transfer it

Kinetic

Objects in

motion

Radiation

Work

Heat

Snowboarder

Force

Distance

Thermal Energy

Vibrating atoms

and molecules

Friction

Waves

Light

X

Sun

Thermal Energy is just energy stored Thermal Energy is just energy stored in the kinetic energy of atomsin the kinetic energy of atoms

EnergyCapacity

for change


Store it

Transfer it

Potential

Kinetic

Position

Objects in

motion

Radiation

Work

Heat

Gravitational

Elastic

Chemical

Spring or Rubber Band Food

Battery, TNT

Snowboarder

Force

Distance

Thermal Energy

Vibrating atoms

and molecules

Friction

Waves

Light

X

Sun How is energy stored?How is energy stored? PotentialPotential energy is energy stored because energy is energy stored because

of an object’s of an object’s positionposition Examples…Examples…

If you stretch a rubber band, it has more If you stretch a rubber band, it has more energy than its starting positionenergy than its starting position

An object at a higher position has more An object at a higher position has more energy than a similar object at a lower energy than a similar object at a lower positionposition

An electron in a higher orbit has more An electron in a higher orbit has more energy than it did in a lower orbitenergy than it did in a lower orbit

Electricity and magnetism are also Electricity and magnetism are also forms of potential energyforms of potential energy

EnergyCapacity

for change


Store it

Transfer it

Potential

Kinetic

Position

Objects in

motion

Radiation

Work

Heat

Gravitational

Elastic

Chemical

spring or rubber band

Food

Battery, TNT

Snowboarder

Force

Distance

Thermal Energy

Vibrating atoms

and molecules

Friction

Waves

Light

X

Sun

Energy Transfer Pie ChartEnergy Transfer Pie Chart

Store

Electrical Energy - Eelec

Gravity Potential- PEElastic Potential- Ee

Chemical- Ec

Kinetic Energy – KEThermal Energy - Et

Transfer

Work - WHeat - QRadiation

C

A

B

PE

A

KE

PEWgravity

Wfriction

Et

B

Wgravity

Wfriction KE

Et

C

Practice and DemosPractice and Demos

Create energy transfer pie charts Create energy transfer pie charts for the following processes:for the following processes: Bending a paperclip (on your own)Bending a paperclip (on your own) Movement of a pendulum Movement of a pendulum

(observe station)(observe station) Solar Panel and motor (observe Solar Panel and motor (observe

station)station) Spring and cart (observe station)Spring and cart (observe station)

Be sure to show what is causing Be sure to show what is causing the energy to transfer.the energy to transfer.

You will have two minutes to You will have two minutes to observe each station.observe each station.

Follow the instructions and use Follow the instructions and use the pie charts in the class set.the pie charts in the class set.

Check your answers with your Check your answers with your teacher when completeteacher when complete

AbbreviationsAbbreviations

StoreStore• PE – Gravity PotentialPE – Gravity Potential• KE – Kinetic EnergyKE – Kinetic Energy

• EEee – Elastic Energy – Elastic Energy

• EEchem chem – Chemical Energy– Chemical Energy

• EEtt – Thermal Energy – Thermal Energy

• EEelecelec – Electrical Energy – Electrical Energy

TransferTransfer• W – Work W – Work • Q – HeatQ – Heat• R - RadiationR - Radiation

******Begin your homework if you finish early ******

Questions?Questions?

2010 PVHS NHSPE Review2010 PVHS NHSPE ReviewScienceScience

Physics Part 2… Force and MotionPhysics Part 2… Force and Motion

Timeline GuideTimeline Guide

Rolling Ball GPRolling Ball GP Rolling Ball GP Rolling Ball GP

QuestionsQuestions Notes (average 2 Notes (average 2

minutes per slide)minutes per slide) Post Quiz Post Quiz

10 Minutes10 Minutes 14 Minutes . 14 Minutes .

. . . .

20 Minutes 20 Minutes . .



Rolling Ball Grand PrixRolling Ball Grand Prix

Purpose:Purpose: To observe an object in motion and determine what is To observe an object in motion and determine what is necessary to change that object’s motion.necessary to change that object’s motion.

Materials: Materials: Butcher paper with track, timer, and a large marble.Butcher paper with track, timer, and a large marble. Procedure:Procedure: See who can roll the ball along the track the fastest using See who can roll the ball along the track the fastest using

one finger. one finger.

Rules:Rules: If the marble goes off the track If the marble goes off the track

pick it up and restart where the pick it up and restart where the marble went out. Keep the marble went out. Keep the timer runningtimer running

You can not touch the marble You can not touch the marble at all in the “no touch” zoneat all in the “no touch” zone

Be sure to use only one fingerBe sure to use only one finger Answer the questions on the Answer the questions on the

sheet as you go.sheet as you go.


1.1. Describe the ball’s motion Describe the ball’s motion in the “no touch” zone.in the “no touch” zone.

Moves in a straight lineMoves in a straight line Speed stays about the sameSpeed stays about the same

2.2. What does the ball do in What does the ball do in the corners or around the the corners or around the loop if you don’t push it?loop if you don’t push it?

Wants to keep going in the Wants to keep going in the same directionsame direction

3.3. What can you say in What can you say in general about the motion general about the motion of an object that has no of an object that has no “force”?“force”?

Without a force, objects will Without a force, objects will move in a straight line at the move in a straight line at the same speedsame speed

This is basically This is basically Newton’s 1Newton’s 1stst Law of Law of Motion…Motion…

““An object at rest tends to An object at rest tends to stay at rest and an stay at rest and an object in motion tends object in motion tends to stay in motion with to stay in motion with the same speed and in the same speed and in the same direction the same direction unless acted upon by unless acted upon by an unbalanced force”an unbalanced force”

This is also called the This is also called the Law of InertiaLaw of Inertia InertiaInertia is an object’s is an object’s

resistance to a change in resistance to a change in motionmotion

MassMass is a measure of is a measure of inertiainertia


4.4. How did you get the ball to How did you get the ball to speed up or slow down?speed up or slow down?

Push Harder in the direction it Push Harder in the direction it is rollingis rolling

Push opposite the motionPush opposite the motion

5.5. How did you get the ball to How did you get the ball to change direction?change direction?

Push in the direction you Push in the direction you want the ball to gowant the ball to go

6.6. What would you need to What would you need to do differently if the ball do differently if the ball was twice as large (had was twice as large (had twice the mass)?twice the mass)?

Push harder to get the same Push harder to get the same change in motionchange in motion

ForceForce is any push or is any push or pull on an objectpull on an object To change the ball’s To change the ball’s

motion, you applied force motion, you applied force

Acceleration (a)Acceleration (a) is the is the rate of change in rate of change in velocityvelocity VelocityVelocity is an object’s is an object’s

speed speed andand direction direction ForceForce causes causes accelerationacceleration

which which changes speed or changes speed or directiondirection

Mass Mass measuresmeasures inertia inertia, , or resistance to changeor resistance to change More mass, less More mass, less

accelerationacceleration


ForceForce is any push or is any push or pull on an objectpull on an object To change the ball’s To change the ball’s

motion, you applied force motion, you applied force

Acceleration (a)Acceleration (a) is the is the rate of change in rate of change in velocityvelocity VelocityVelocity is an object’s is an object’s

speed speed andand direction direction ForceForce causes causes accelerationacceleration

which which changes speed or changes speed or directiondirection

Mass Mass measuresmeasures inertia inertia, , or resistance to changeor resistance to change More mass, less More mass, less

accelerationacceleration

This is the 2This is the 2ndnd Law of Law of Motion:Motion: Increase force… Increase force…

increase accelerationincrease acceleration Increase mass… Increase mass…

decrease accelerationdecrease acceleration

(N) Newtonsin measured is Force

m

Faor

mass

ForceonAccelerati


7. Which of the following would require the least amount of force,if applied to the same ball?

a) Stopping the ball that is rolling on a flat and smooth surface.

b) Changing the direction of a ball that is rolling on a flat and smooth surface.

c) Starting the ball in motion on a flat and smooth surface.

d) Keeping the ball moving at a constant speed on a flat and smooth surface.

Answer DAnswer D As the ball rolls there is As the ball rolls there is

a small amount of a small amount of friction… if you don’t friction… if you don’t keep pushing the ball keep pushing the ball will slowwill slow

To keep the ball rolling, To keep the ball rolling, at constant speed you at constant speed you just need to overcome just need to overcome frictionfriction

A, B, and C require a A, B, and C require a change in motionchange in motion

To change the balls To change the balls motion, you need to motion, you need to overcome both inertia overcome both inertia and frictionand friction


8. What would happen if two 8. What would happen if two object’s were racing on the object’s were racing on the same track and they same track and they collided?collided?

Each would change speed Each would change speed and/ or direction… requires and/ or direction… requires forceforce

They exert force on each They exert force on each otherother

The forces are in opposite The forces are in opposite directionsdirections

This is the 3This is the 3rdrd Law of Motion… Law of Motion…

““For every action there is an equal For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction”and opposite reaction”

Forces always occur in pairs Forces always occur in pairs that are equal and in opposite that are equal and in opposite directionsdirections

Examples…Examples…The earth exerts a 600N force on you, you exert The earth exerts a 600N force on you, you exert

the same force on the earththe same force on the earth

A Bat hits a ball, the ball hits the bat with the A Bat hits a ball, the ball hits the bat with the same forcesame force

Force Force

A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a block of wood. If the action force is the hammer block of wood. If the action force is the hammer striking the nail, the reaction force is striking the nail, the reaction force is

a)a) the nail striking the wood with an equal the nail striking the wood with an equal and opposite force. and opposite force.

b)b) the nail striking the hammer with an the nail striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force. equal and opposite force.

c)c) the wood striking the hammer with an the wood striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force. equal and opposite force.

d)d) the wood striking the nail with an equal the wood striking the nail with an equal and opposite force. and opposite force.

Graphs of MotionGraphs of Motiondis

tan

ce

velo

city

acc

ele

rati

on

time time time

Constant acceleration

No acceleration

ForceForce

What is a Net What is a Net force?force?

Net Force = sum of all force vectorsNet Force = sum of all force vectors

ForceForce

What is a Net What is a Net force?force?

Net Force = sum of all force vectorsNet Force = sum of all force vectors

Balanced Forces…•No Net Force•What happens?

Unbalanced Forces…•Net Force•What happens?

*Cart will Accelerate to the right*Nothing changes

ForceForce

How are How are forces forces different?different?

Types of forces:Types of forces: Contact forces-Contact forces- forces that forces that

happen when two objects happen when two objects touchtouch

Field Forces- Field Forces- objects don’t objects don’t touch but they still push or touch but they still push or pull each other pull each other (Action-at-a-(Action-at-a-distance)distance)

Types of ForcesTypes of Forces

Contact Forces Field Forces

Frictional Force Gravitational Force

Tensional Force Electrical Force

Normal Force Magnetic Force

Air Resistance Force

Applied Force

Spring Force

Electrical force and magnetism are the same as gravity in varying with distance

Field Forces

Gravitational Force Any object with mass creates

gravitational force… more mass, more force

the closer the object, the greater the force…

The force decreases rapidly as distance increases

Small force

Much Bigger force


1.1. Which of the following examples has the greatest thermal Which of the following examples has the greatest thermal (internal) energy? (internal) energy? a)a) 5 kg of water with a temperature of 150°C 5 kg of water with a temperature of 150°C

b)b) 8 kg of water with a temperature of 110°C 8 kg of water with a temperature of 110°C

c)c) 10 kg of water with a temperature of 90°C 10 kg of water with a temperature of 90°C

d)d) 100 kg of water with a temperature of 28°C 100 kg of water with a temperature of 28°C

2.2. A ball is initially dropped from a height 4 meters. After the ball A ball is initially dropped from a height 4 meters. After the ball bounces it returns to a height of only 2 meters. How much of bounces it returns to a height of only 2 meters. How much of the ball’s initial gravitational potential energy was transformed the ball’s initial gravitational potential energy was transformed between the initial position and the final position of the ball? between the initial position and the final position of the ball? a)a) One fourth of the total energy. One fourth of the total energy.

b)b) Half of the total energy. Half of the total energy.

c)c) Double the total energy. Double the total energy.

d)d) Four times the total energy. Four times the total energy.


3.3. Energy is created as the result which activity? Energy is created as the result which activity? a)a) Burning gasoline in an internal combustion engine. Burning gasoline in an internal combustion engine.

b)b) Damming a river for hydroelectric power. Damming a river for hydroelectric power.

c)c) Rolling a marble down an incline plane. Rolling a marble down an incline plane.

d)d) Energy can only be transformed, not created. Energy can only be transformed, not created.

4.4. Aluminum was once used as the wires in home construction. Aluminum was once used as the wires in home construction. Recently, it was changed to copper wires. Which of the following Recently, it was changed to copper wires. Which of the following statements statements BESTBEST account for why aluminum was replaced with account for why aluminum was replaced with copper? copper? a)a) When electrical energy is passed through a copper wire, less of the When electrical energy is passed through a copper wire, less of the

energy removes copper atoms from the wire. energy removes copper atoms from the wire.

b)b) The electrical energy that a copper wire can transfer is less than The electrical energy that a copper wire can transfer is less than an aluminum wire. an aluminum wire.

c)c) As a byproduct of transmission, more electrical energy is transformed As a byproduct of transmission, more electrical energy is transformed to wasted thermal energy in aluminum wire than in copper to wasted thermal energy in aluminum wire than in copper

d)d) The electrical energy that passes through an aluminum wire cannot be The electrical energy that passes through an aluminum wire cannot be directed as well as the energy passing through copper. directed as well as the energy passing through copper.


5.5. In an alternating current (AC) circuit, In an alternating current (AC) circuit, a)a) voltages can be easily increased and decreased within the circuit allowing voltages can be easily increased and decreased within the circuit allowing

for lower energy losses during transmission. for lower energy losses during transmission.

b)b) voltages change direction several times a second to generate electrical voltages change direction several times a second to generate electrical charge more rapidly. charge more rapidly.

c)c) rapid current changes regulate the ease at which electricity passes rapid current changes regulate the ease at which electricity passes through the circuit. through the circuit.

d)d) current most often is high to prevent energy losses during transmission, current most often is high to prevent energy losses during transmission, but can be low to decrease the voltage in the circuit. but can be low to decrease the voltage in the circuit.

6.6. Which of the following describes how a dam creates electricity? Which of the following describes how a dam creates electricity? a)a) Water is heated up and creates steam to turn the generator to create Water is heated up and creates steam to turn the generator to create

electricity. electricity.

b)b) Gravitational potential energy transfers to kinetic energy which turns a Gravitational potential energy transfers to kinetic energy which turns a generator. generator.

c)c) Electrons are removed from the water as it passes and creates electricity. Electrons are removed from the water as it passes and creates electricity.

d)d) Water flows over wires in the dam which creates current from the water.Water flows over wires in the dam which creates current from the water.


7.7. A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a block of A hammer strikes a nail and drives the nail into a block of wood. If the action force is the hammer striking the nail, the wood. If the action force is the hammer striking the nail, the reaction force is reaction force is a)a) the nail striking the wood with an equal and opposite force. the nail striking the wood with an equal and opposite force.

b)b) the nail striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force. the nail striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force.

c)c) the wood striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force. the wood striking the hammer with an equal and opposite force.

d)d) the wood striking the nail with an equal and opposite force. the wood striking the nail with an equal and opposite force.

8.8. Which of the following would supply the greatest acceleration Which of the following would supply the greatest acceleration when applied to a 10 kg mass? when applied to a 10 kg mass? a)a) 5N 5N

b)b) 10N 10N

c)c) 15N 15N

d)d) 20N20N


9.9. Use the diagram to answer the question below. Use the diagram to answer the question below.

A cart is being pulled North across a carpeted floor. Which direction is the A cart is being pulled North across a carpeted floor. Which direction is the force of friction acting?force of friction acting?a)a) North North

b)b) South South

c)c) East East

d)d) West West

10.10. You have created a track out of cardboard for a marble to travel You have created a track out of cardboard for a marble to travel down. In order for the marble to complete the track, why does the down. In order for the marble to complete the track, why does the first hill have to be the highest? first hill have to be the highest? a)a) The friction caused by the track resists the motion of the marble. The friction caused by the track resists the motion of the marble.

b)b) The friction caused by the track increases the motion of the marble. The friction caused by the track increases the motion of the marble.

c)c) Gravity is pulling down on the marble causing it to slow down. Gravity is pulling down on the marble causing it to slow down.

d)d) Gravity is pulling down on the marble causing it to speed up. Gravity is pulling down on the marble causing it to speed up.

Questions?Questions?

Class Handouts and Homework

Energy

X

Word List

Capacity for change


Store it

Transfer it

Kinetic

Potential

Position

Elastic

Gravitational

Chemical

Spring

Food

Snowboarder

Objects in motion

Battery

Sun

Radiation

Work

Heat

Waves light

Force

Distance

Friction

Thermal energy

Vibrating atoms and molecules

1.1. PaperclipPaperclipa)a) Open the paperclip into a “V”Open the paperclip into a “V”

b)b) Touch the “V” to your upper lip. How does Touch the “V” to your upper lip. How does it feel? Record observation: it feel? Record observation: ____________________________________________________________________

c)c) Open and close (bend) the paperclip Open and close (bend) the paperclip rapidly at least 10 times and then rapidly at least 10 times and then immediately touch it to your lip. Record immediately touch it to your lip. Record observation: observation: ____________________________________________________________________

d)d) Touch the “V” to your lip again. Record Touch the “V” to your lip again. Record observation: observation: ____________________________________________________________________

e)e) Use the pie charts below to show how the Use the pie charts below to show how the energy was stored and transferred.energy was stored and transferred.

2.2. Spring CartSpring Carta)a) Compress the spring into the cartCompress the spring into the cart

b)b) Place the spring end of the cart against an Place the spring end of the cart against an immoveable object and release spring immoveable object and release spring

c)c) Record observations: Record observations: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

d)d) Use the pie charts below to show how the Use the pie charts below to show how the energy was stored and transferred. energy was stored and transferred.

3.3. PendulumPenduluma)a) Pull the “bob” back about 30 degrees and Pull the “bob” back about 30 degrees and

release.release.

b)b) Observe the motion for 10 cycles. Observe the motion for 10 cycles.

c)c) Where does the “bob have the most kinetic Where does the “bob have the most kinetic energy? __________________________________energy? __________________________________

d)d) Where does the “bob” have the most Where does the “bob” have the most potential energy? potential energy? ____________________________________________________________________

e)e) What happens to the speed of the “bob” What happens to the speed of the “bob” over time? over time? ____________________________________________________________________

f)f) Is there friction? What would happen if Is there friction? What would happen if there were no friction? there were no friction? ____________________________________________________________________

g)g) Use the pie charts below to show how the Use the pie charts below to show how the energy was stored and transferred.energy was stored and transferred.

4.4. Solar Panel and MotorSolar Panel and Motora)a) Turn on the light and move the solar panel Turn on the light and move the solar panel

toward the light.toward the light.

b)b) Record observations: Record observations: ____________________________________________________________________

c)c) What happens as the panel is moved closer to What happens as the panel is moved closer to the light? __________________________________the light? __________________________________

d)d) Does all of the energy from the light reach Does all of the energy from the light reach the solar panel? Why or why not? the solar panel? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________

e)e) Use the pie charts below to show how the Use the pie charts below to show how the energy was stored and transferred. energy was stored and transferred.

f)f) Why is the first pie chart bigger? Why is the first pie chart bigger? ____________________________________________________________________

2010 PVHS NHSPE Review Science Physics Part 1… Energy.

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Transcript of 2010 PVHS NHSPE Review Science Physics Part 1… Energy.