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Transcript of 2009 BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA Public Education Slide Kit High Blood...
2009
BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA
PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
Public Education Slide Kit
High Blood Pressure
The Silent Killer
2BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009Overview
What is high blood pressure? Why should I care? What causes it? How will I know if I have it? Can I measure my own blood
pressure? How can I lower my blood pressure? Are there medications?
3BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009What is blood pressure?
The force or pressure on the inside of our arteries (blood vessels) as the blood circulates.
You cannot feel changes in blood pressure.
4BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009
What is hypertension?
A condition when blood pressure is always too high.
Also called High Blood Pressure (HBP).
Hypertension is a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg or greater.
140140
9090
5BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Why should I care?
6BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Leading risks for premature death
3
5
4
2
1
CholesterolCholesterol
AlcoholAlcohol
Tobacco UseTobacco Use
HYPERTENSIONHYPERTENSION
OverweightOverweight
(World Health Organization 2002)
7BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Hypertension can cause:
Stroke (brain attack) Heart attack & heart failure Kidney failure Sexual dysfunction Dementia Eye damage Early death
8BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Death due to atherosclerosis (infarction)
9BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Stroke due to broken blood vessel (hemorrhage)
10BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Eye blood vesselsEye blood vessels
NormalNormalSevere
hypertension
Eye blood vessels leak and break due to high blood pressure
11BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Do you know how many Canadians have hypertension ?
Question
12BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009Answer
1 in 4 Canadians have hypertension.
13BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009What causes hypertension ?
Lifestyle 60% Genetics 35% Underlying disease 5%
kidney disease, excessive use of aspirin-like drugs (NSAIDs)
14BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009Your lifestyle can raise
your blood pressure
Physical inactivity Unhealthy diet
– Not enough fruit, vegetables, and low- fat dairy;
– Too much salt (sodium).
Being overweight
15BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Excess alcohol Smoking or exposure to
cigarette smoke Stress
Your lifestyle can raise your blood pressure
16BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Hypertension is more common in older people
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
18-34 35-64 65-74
Age in years
% o
f p
eo
ple
wit
h h
yp
ert
en
sio
n
men women
17BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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How is blood pressure measured?
18BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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The upper number is when the heart beats
The lower number is when
the heart relaxes
Measured in mm Hg (millimeters of mercury)
e.g. 124/84 mm Hg
What do the numbers mean?
19BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP)
Diastolic Blood Pressure
(DBP)
What are the numbers called?
20BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009 What should your blood pressure be?
Most people Less than 140/90 mm Hg
People with diabetes or kidney disease
Less than130/80 mm Hg
21BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Do I have hypertension ?
One high reading may One high reading may not mean you have not mean you have
hypertensionhypertension
22BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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How do you know if you have hypertension?
Question
23BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Many people have hypertension and don’t know it.
The only way to know if you have hypertension is to have your blood pressure measured.
Answer
24BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009The silent killer
Most people cannot feel if their blood pressure is high.
Usually, there are no symptoms.
25BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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How can I check to see if I have hypertension ?
26BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Have your blood pressure measured: Regularly Lifelong
Note: Family members may also be at risk and should have their blood pressure checked.
How can I check to see if I have hypertension ?
27BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Who can measure my blood pressure?
You
Your Family Doctor
A Nurse Local
Pharmacist
28BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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How often should I check my blood pressure?
If your blood pressure is: Less than 130/85 - every 2 years 130-139/85-89 - every year Above 139/89 - check often
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Can I measure my own blood pressure ?
30BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Self–measurement of blood pressure
You can measure your own blood pressure at home.
Home blood pressure measurement devices are available at most pharmacies.
Purchase a device endorsed by the Canadian Hypertension Society (CHS) with the logo
Make sure your device has the right cuff size for your arm - ask if unsure.
31BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Self–measurement of blood pressure
Carefully follow the instructions for proper measurement that come with the device.– For most people, normal BP at home is <
138/85 mmHg
More instructions can be found at www.hypertension.ca
Another helpful website is at www.heartandstroke.ca/BP
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Self-measurement
33BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009World Hypertension Day
34BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Why treat hypertension?
A decrease of 10/5mm Hg
(typical with one medication or a
change in lifestyle)
reduces your risk of
developing serious
complications.
35BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Who can help me lower my blood pressure ?
You
Your Family Doctor
A Nurse
Your Pharmacist
A Dietitian
A Hypertension Specialist
A Psychologist
36BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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How can I lower my blood pressure ?
37BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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What you can do
Measure your blood pressure regularly.
Increase your physical activity. Control your weight. Eat a healthy diet. Cut back on sodium and processed
foods.
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Limit alcohol. Become smoke-free. Reduce stress. See your doctor/health care
provider. Take medications as prescribed.
What you can do
39BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Lifestyle changes make a difference
Small changes in eating habits and activity can lower blood pressure.
Set weekly goals for change.
40BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Healthy lifestyles really make a difference
Intervention AmountChange inSBP/DBP
Reduce daily sodium intake by: 1800 mg -5.1 / -2.7
Weight loss of 5kg (~10lb) -5.0/ -4.0Alcohol intake - 3.6 drinks/day -3.9 / -2.4Aerobic exercise
120-150 min/week -4.9 / -3.7
Dietary patternsDASH diet
HypertensiveNormotensive
-11.4 / -5.5-3.6 / -1.8
Applying the 2005 Canadian Hypertension Education Program recommendations: 3. Lifestyle modifications to prevent and treat hypertension Padwal R. et al. CMAJ ・ SEPT. 27, 2005; 173 (7) 749-751
41BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009 Reducing systolic BP, stroke and heart attack
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
-0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
-0.5 0 5 10 15 20 25
Stroke Heart Attack
Decrease in systolic blood pressure
42BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Why treat hypertension?
A decrease of 10/5mm Hg (one medication or a
change in lifestyle)
reduces your risk of
developing serious
complications.
43BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Lifestyle changes make a difference
Is this your family’s idea of a fitness
centre?
44BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009 Physical activity
Physical activity can:
Decrease risk of heart disease and stroke.
Lower blood pressure almost as much as taking one medication.
Help to reduce weight. Help to reduce stress.
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Make exercise a priority – make it part of your daily schedule.
Do activities that you enjoy. Do a variety of activities. Exercise with a friend. Join a fitness class or get a personal
trainer. Set small realistic attainable goals.
Physical activity
30 to 60 minutes per day!
46BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Walk 1 mile (1.6 Km) = 100 calories* Walk 4 miles (6.4 Km) 4 times a week
and burn off up to ¼ Kg/week (½ lb / week) extra
* These are just estimates based on the literature for an averaged size person
Walking & weight loss
47BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009Walking & weight loss
The BP lowering effect of walking vigorously for 40 minutes per day, 4x a week is as effective as greater amounts of exercise.
The positive effects of exercise may last up to 72 hours.
Therefore, build this into your weekly schedule.
30 to 60 minutes per day!
48BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009Control your weight
Lower your blood pressure by losing as little as 10 pounds (4.5 kg).
49BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009 Waist management
Men Women (cm)
North AmericaEurope
< 102 cm(40”)
< 88 cm(35”)
South Asia < 90cm(36”)
< 80 cm(32”)
50BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009Portion control!
Calories - Just enough to keep a normal weight.
Eat less if you are overweight. Eat more vegetables & fruit. (7-10
servings a day).
Avoid excessive fat and carbohydrate intake.
51BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009Eat a healthy diet
Follow Canada’s Food Guide Adequate fruit, vegetables, whole
grains & low-fat dairy products. Foods low in saturated and trans fat,
sugar & salt, and high in fiber. Visit www.healthcanada.gc.ca
/foodguide for more information.
52BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Shake the salt habit
Limit foods with added sodium. Limit fast and pre-prepared or
processed foods (canned soups, pickles, chips, processed meats)
Choose foods with the least added sodium.
Limit salt/sodium used at the table and in cooking.
53BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Check food labels for sodium
Look for foods that
provide 10% or less of your daily value for sodium.
54BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Limit alcohol
No more than 2 drinks per day
9 drinks weekly for women
14 drinks weekly for men
No Binging
55BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009 Smoking increases…
.. your blood pressure
.. your risk for heart disease and stroke
.. your risk for many lung diseases
.. your risk for many types of cancer
56BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Become smoke-free
Quit on your own (works for many).
Join a smoking cessation program. Try gum, patch, pills. Avoid temptation. Discuss with your doctor or
pharmacist. Choose smoke-free environments.
57BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009Reduce stress
Take time to relax.
58
2008
BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
What about medications for hypertension ?
59BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2008
Hypertension medications
Lower your blood pressure.
In the long-term reduce your risk for stroke (by 40%), heart attack (by 20%), and heart failure (by 50%).
Usually do not change how you feel.
60BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Question
Do all people on medications for hypertension have their
blood pressure under control?
61BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Answer
Many people with hypertension require both lifestyle changes
and more than one medication to control their blood pressure.
62BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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It may take up to 6 weeks for pills to lower your blood pressure.
Pills need to be continued, even when your blood pressure is controlled.
Pills are usually taken for life (unless your doctor stops the
medication).
Hypertension medications
63BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Medications need to be taken as directed or…
Blood pressure may not be controlled. Side effects may be more troublesome. An adverse reaction or event may result. Your doctor may think they are not
working and prescribe a higher dose or add another medication.
Hypertension medications
64BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009High blood pressure
Is a silent and common cause of disability and death.
Can be prevented and treated by changes in lifestyle.
Can cause problems that may be prevented by lifestyle changes and medication.
Get your blood pressure measured today!
65BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009What you can do
Know your numbers. Know your targets. Measure your blood pressure at
home. Make healthy lifestyle choices. Take pills as prescribed.
66BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009 Resources
Heart and Stroke Foundationwww.heartandstroke.ca/bp
67BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Can be ordered at: www.hypertension.qc.ca
Resources
68BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009 Can be ordered at: www.hypertension.qc.ca
Resources
69BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009
Available at: www.hypertension.ca/bpc
Resources
70BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009Other resources
Smokers Help Line www.aadac.com 1-866-332-2322
Canada’s Food Guide www.healthcanada.gc.ca
Canada’s Exercise Guide www.hc-sc.gc.ca
71BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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1. Blood pressure measures the amount of pressure in your arteries.
TRUE FALSE Don’t know
Question
72BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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2. A blood pressure greater than 140 over 90 (140/90 mmHg) is considered too high.
TRUE FALSE Don’t Know
Question
73BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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3. You can usually tell if your blood pressure is too high by the way you feel.
TRUE FALSE Don’t know
Question
74BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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4. Having one elevated blood pressure reading means that you have high blood pressure.
TRUE FALSE Don’t know
Question
75BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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5. Hypertension is a major risk factor for stroke and dementia.
TRUE FALSE Don’t know
Question
76BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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6. The following lifestyle factors can help to treat and control high blood pressure: Having a healthy weight Regular exercise Eating a healthy diet Restricting alcohol intake Reducing sodium/salt intake
TRUE FALSE Don’t know
Question
77BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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7. Smoking increases blood pressure.
TRUE FALSE Don’t know
Question
78BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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8. Generally, people who do not have high blood pressure should have their blood pressure checked every 3 to 4 years.
TRUE FALSE Don’t know
Question
79BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009
9. If you are taking pills for high blood pressure you will need to stay on them the rest of your life.
TRUE FALSE Don’t know
Question
80BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009
10. If you are older than 65 and your blood pressure is elevated above your target despite your healthy lifestyle, should you be considered for medication?
TRUE FALSE Don’t know
Question
81BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009 How can you do all that?
The 5 Steps to Change
1. Take control2. Keep it simple3. Take it slow4. When you fall, get up5. Change your mind
82BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009
The 1st of the 5 steps to change
To take control two things need to happen:1. The need to change something must
be very important to you.2. You must have confidence in yourself
that you can actually succeed at doing it.
Importance + Confidence = Motivation
The Sixty Second Motivator: Jim Johnson, PT
83BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009 How motivated are you ?Ask yourself1. How important is it for me to make this
change ? (0 = not important, 10 = very important)
2. How confident am I that I can make this change?
(0= not confident, 10 = very confident)
Importance + Confidence = Motivation
84BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009
If you scored low on importance..
Find reasons to change that are meaningful to you and give you something you really want.
• What would it be like if you reached your goal?• How would you feel?• What would the benefits be ?• What would happen if you never reached your
goal?• What would it take to make reaching your goal
more important to you?
Importance + Confidence = Motivation
85BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
2009
If you scored low on confidence..
Make sure you have the tools, skills and knowledge that will allow you to reach your goal.
• Do you know how you will achieve your goal?• Is there more than one way to do it?• What skills and tools are needed?• What knowledge is needed?• If you know people who achieved similar goals, ask
how they did it.• Who should I ask for help or advice?
Importance + Confidence = Motivation
86BLOOD PRESSURE CANADA PRESSION ARTÉRIELLE CANADA
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Acknowledgements
Sponsored by: Sponsored by: Blood Pressure Canada Blood Pressure Canada The Canadian Hypertension SocietyThe Canadian Hypertension SocietyThe Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP) The Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP) Heart and Stroke Foundation of CanadaHeart and Stroke Foundation of Canada
Updated in 2008 by a multi-disciplinary teamUpdated in 2008 by a multi-disciplinary team •Nurse – Donna McLeanNurse – Donna McLean•Physicians – Charlotte Jones (Chair), Ross FeldmanPhysicians – Charlotte Jones (Chair), Ross Feldman•Dietitians - Wendy Shah, Marla RichardsonDietitians - Wendy Shah, Marla Richardson
Downloadable at: Downloadable at: www.hypertension.ca/bpcwww.hypertension.ca/bpc