2009 05 26 Copyright and Internet

8/10/2019 2009 05 26 Copyright and Internet

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Copyright and Internet: an introduction

Bart BeuvingMay 26, 2009


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PLEASE INTERRUPT ME !

(with more or less relevant

questions)


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General outline

I Copyright

II Copyright and internet

III Copyright, internet and Digital Rights Management


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I -- Copyright


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Intellectual property domains

technology

commerce

culture

patent law

trademark law

copyright law


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(Elwood)


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But we are discussing copyright today, so..


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International treaties

The Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and

Artistic Works (1886/1967)

The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual

Property Rights (1994)TRIPS

The WIPO Copyright Treaty (1996)

National law


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EC Directives

91/250/EEC on the protection of computer programs

92/100/EEC on rental and lending rights

93/83/EEC on satellite broadcasting and cable

retransmission93/98/EEC harmonizing the term of protection

2001/29/EC on copyright in the information society

2001/84/EC on the resale right as to art works


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Subject matter of protection


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfoviQ5i

z1o
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfoviQ5iz1ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfoviQ5iz1ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfoviQ5iz1ohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GfoviQ5iz1o


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Literay and artistic works

books, writings, plays

musical compositions

choreography

drawings, paintingssculptures, architecture

cinematographic works

photography


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choreographic works and entertainments indumb show;

musical compositions with or without words;

cinematographic works to which are assimilatedworks expressed by a process analogous to

cinematography;

works of drawing, painting, architecture,

sculpture, engraving and lithography;


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photographic works to which are assimilated works

expressed by a process analogous to photography;

works of applied art;

illustrations, maps, plans, sketches and three-

dimensional works relative to geography, topography,

architecture or science.


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(in the Netherlands)

A product is copyrighted in the Netherlands if there is anexpression that has its own original character and bears

the personal stamp of the author.

In other words: a work must be somewhat original.

Beautiful or ugly, good or bad, little effort or years of

work: irrelevant!


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? - 1


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?2 Software


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The design (functionalities)

The Source code


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Art. 4 of the WIPO Copyright Treaty

Computer programs are protected as literaryworks within the meaning of Article 2 of the

Berne Convention. Such protection applies to

computer programs, whatever may be the mode

or form of their expression.


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?3 Alterations


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?4 Derivative works

Marcel

Duchamp

The MonaLisa With a

Moustache


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Specific rules (2(3) BC

Translations, adaptations, arrangements of music and

other alterations of a literary or artistic work shall be

protected as original works without prejudice to the

copyright in the original work.

copyright 1: original work

copyright 2: altered version

(remember the music)


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?5 Conversations


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Exclusion from protection

no protection unless fixed in some material form (art.2(2) BC: optional)

official texts of a legislative, administrative and legal

nature, and official translations of such texts (art. 2(4)

BC: optional)

news of the day and miscellaneous facts having the

character of mere items of press information (art. 2(8)BC: mandatory)


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Copyright: why??!


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Incentive for the creation of works

Stimulation of creativity and investmentEnhanced possibility of amortization

Natural period of market exclusivity

_________

(only) the advantage of being first in the market)

Extended period of market exclusivity

__________________________________________


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Reward for creative work

Feelings of rightness and justiceRights of the author inherent in the very nature of things

Exclusive possibility of exploiration


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Engine of freedom of expression

Contribution to the independence of authorsLimiting the influence of patronage

Exclusion of censorship


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In other words

It just ain t right


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Author, what do you get? (minimum rights)

Two branches of rights:

Exploration rights

- General right of reproduction (art. 9 (2) BC)

- General right of communication to the public (art 8 WCT)

Moral rights

- Claim authorship

- Object to any distortion, mutilation, modification or other

derogatory action (art. 6bis BC)


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In more digital words

(European Copyright Directive)

Exclusive right to reproduce (art. 2)

Exclusive right to make available to the public (art. 3)

Exclusive right to distribute (art. 4)


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The copyright balance

Some limitationsWhat about ideas?

Idea/expression dichotomy: copyright only protects the individual way

of expressing ideas, not ideas as such (art. 2 WTC)

What about the term of protection?

Must be limited! (a.o. art. 7, 7 bis BC)

However. What limitation in time do we know?

life of the author + 50 years (art. 7 BC) .

Life of the author + 70 years (EU)

Life of the author + 70 years or 95 or even 120 years ! (USA)

The mickey mouse

copyright act


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Copyright, how do you get it?!


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II Copyright and the internet: what about

Main rule: online, the same rules apply

Meaning??

Hyperlinks?

- A surface (=regular) link

- Deeplink?

- Framed link?


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Kranten.com (newspapers.com)


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Downloading?

Uploading?


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Torrents

Torrentis a small file (aroundfew kilobytes) with the suffix.torrent, which contains all theinformation needed todownload a file the torrent wasmade for. That means it

contains file names, theirsizes, where to download fromand so on. You can gettorrents for almost anything onlots of web sites andtorrent search engines.

Copyright infringement?


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Copyright on a website

The main question: who isresponsible?


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An example


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An Example, classified advertising website


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Duty of care?

- Is the site aware of the problem?

- What part is played by website owner?

- Notice and takedown-procedure?

Which party has to incur costs?

Preventive scanning / Supervision?(considerable costs)

Providing names unlawfully actingpersons?

Obliged to collect names?


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A different perspective (?)

Free CultureLawrence Lessig


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Creative Commons, use of internet


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Credits:Cartoon concept en design: Neeru Paharia | Originele

illustraties: Ryan Junell

Photos: Matt Haughey | Vertaling: Michiel de Lange |

Opmaak: Geert Wissink

Op dit stripverhaal is een Creative Commons Licentie

van toepassing

?


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Does it work? Yes, it does.

III C i ht i t t d DRM


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III Copyright, internet and DRM


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Digitalisering en auteursrecht: grote voordelen

Digital (potential) great possibilities for producers distribution / long tailChris

Anderson)

Di iti d i ht i ti


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Digitize and copyright: in practice

The Cut and Paste-problem (copyright is flushedout)

Solutions (?):

- Hearts and minds- TechnicsDRM: what may a user do with a work?

- Legal weaponry

A H t d i d


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A. Hearts and minds

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOBroA2NPNY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOBroA2NPNYhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOBroA2NPNYhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dontcopythatfloppy.jpg


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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS-PemhvXHc

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf9T_Hppqjk

B T h i DRM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS-PemhvXHchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf9T_Hppqjkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf9T_Hppqjkhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS-PemhvXHchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS-PemhvXHchttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lS-PemhvXHc


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B. Technics: DRM

TTP

Certificats

Metadata als a waterbrand

Encryption

What, who, where,

how many times

The answer to the machine

is in the machine

Wh t h ith DRM


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Who are not happy with DRM

Consumers but also hardware-producers


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pro DRM


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pro DRM

Protection rightholderStimulating (digital) economy (thats where IP rights are

for, remember?)

Enables various (free) price fixing (lite)

Ties the consumer to the provider.

C. Legal measures in order to enable effective


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g

DRM

Digital Rights Management (Digital Restriction Management)

Copyright Directive (art. 6)

adequate legal protection against the circumvention of any effectivetechnological measures, which the person concerned carries out inthe knowledge, or with reasonable grounds to know, that he or she

is pursuing that objective

"technological measures" means any technology, device orcomponent that, in the normal course of its operation, is designed toprevent or restrict acts, in respect of works or other subject-matter,which are not authorised by the rightholder of any copyright or

any right related to copyright as provided for by law or the suigeneris right provided for in Chapter III of Directive 96/9/EC.


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The end of DRM?


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The end of DRM?

Questions?


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Questions?

Bird & Bird is an international legal practice comprising Bird & Bird LLP and its affiliated businesses. www.twobirds.com

[email protected]

+31 (0)70353 88 25
http://www.twobirds.com/http://www.twobirds.com/

2009 05 26 Copyright and Internet

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