FALL 2010 SEMESTER 1 STUDY GUIDE Biology: Galegar

Scientific Method

____ 1. The information gathered from experiments is called _____.a. the data c. the hypothesisb. the research d. the conclusion____ 2. The procedure for collecting information to test a hypothesis is a(n) _____.a. principle c. controlb. theory d. experiment____ 3. The part of an experiment that receives no changes, what the results are compared to.a. hypothesis c. experimentb. control d. independent variable____ 4. The common steps used by scientists in gathering information to test hypotheses and solve problems are called _____.a. descriptive research c. scientific methodb. pure science d. applied science____ 5. A testable explanation for a question or problem is a(n) _____.a. experiment c. observationb. hypothesis d. verifiable law____ 6. Blue, dark, soft, and cold are examples of what type of data?a. quantitative c. scientificb. qualitative d. ethical____ 7. Quantitative research is often used to create _____ to aid understanding.a. graphs or charts c. long lists of numbersb. descriptions of behavior d. all of these____ 8. _____ data is usually based on numerical measurements.a. Ethical c. Quantitativeb. Descriptive d. Scientific____ 9. If you do not understand a direction or part of a lab procedure, you shoulda. figure it out as you do the lab c. ask the instructor before proceedingb. try several methods until something works d. skip it and o on to the next part____ 10. A piece of equipment is not working properly, stop, turn it off, and tella. the custodian c. your best friend in the classb. you lab partner d. the science instructor____ 11. When you finish working with chemicals, biological specimens, and other lab substances, alwaysa. treat you hands with skin lotion c. wipe you hands on a towelb. wash you hands thoroughly with soap and water d. wipe you hands on you cloths____ 12. The axis where the independent variable is located.a. y-axis c. T-axisb. x-axis d. z-axis____ 13. The type of graph that best shows the relationship between two variables. The data is continuous.a. Pie graph c. bar graphb. line graph d. circle graph____ 14. This section of the lab report tells what happened in the lab and why.a. problem c. analysisb. conclusion d. introduction

____ 15. What is this a picture of?

a. cup c. Erlenmeyer flaskb. jar d. beaker____ 17. Which of the following results from quantitative analysis of Figure 1-6?

a. the babies are coldb. there are 8 babiesc. there isn’t enough food

____ 18. extreame temperatures a b c d ____ 19. sharp object____ 20. fumes____ 21. electrocution____ 22. skin irritant e f g h i____ 23. corrosive____ 24. toxic/poisonous____ 25. flammable____ 26. radiation____ 27. eye protection j k l m n____ 28. clothing protection____ 29. aminal safety____ 30. disposalEcology____ 1. The process of gradual change in the characteristics of species over time is _____.a. energy c. reproductionb. unity within diversity d. evolution____ 2. Living things adjust to a stimulus by a reaction called a(n) _____.a. environment c. homeostasisb. growth spurt d. response____ 3. Living things change during their lives by adding more living substance this is know has?a. reproduction c. making responsesb. growth and development d. adaptation and organization____ 4. All living things _____ to make more living things.a. reproduce c. growb. develop d. adapt____ 7. An ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact is interested a(n) _____.a. organism c. communityb. population d. ecosystem____ 8. An ecologist who studies how several species in an area interact among each other and with the abiotic parts of the environment is interested in a(n) _____.a. organism c. communityb. population d. ecosystem

____ 9. In Figure A2-1, energy flows from

a. coyotes to grasses. c. mice to cats.b. cats to mice. d. coyotes to cats.____ 10. In Figure A2-1, the coyotes area. herbivores. c. second-order heterotrophs.b. third-order heterotrophs. d. decomposers.____ 11. In Figure A2-1, how many trophic levels does the food chain include?a. four c. threeb. one d. two____ 12. In Figure A2-1, as matter and energy move from grasses to coyotes, the amount of available energya. always decreases and population size always increases.b. always increases and population size always decreases.c. always decreases but population size may increase or decrease.d. increases or decreases but population size remains the same.

____ 13. Some birds are known as honey guides because they may be followed by humans to wild beehives. When the humans take honey from the hives, the birds are able to feast on the honey and bees, too. This type of relationship between the humans and the birds can best be described as _____.a. parasitism c. mutualismb. commensalism d. symbiosis

____ 14. A flea on a dog is an example of what type of symbiosis?

a. mutualism c. parasitismb. commensalism d. predatorism____ 15. How much energy is transferred to each successive tropic level in a food chain? a. 90% c. 10%b. 1% d. 50%

____ 16. The group of animals in Figure 2-6 is an example of what?a. community c. populationb. ecosystem d. biosphere____ 17. Identify the abiotic factor a. mouse c. rockb. butterfly d. tree____ 18. In the energy pyramid shown in Figure 2-7, which level has the fewest organisms?a. fox c. grasshoppersb. birds d. grass____ 19. Which organism shown in the pyramid shown in Figure 2-7 receives the highest percentage of energy from the sun?a. fox c. grasshoppersb. birds d. grass

Word BankHeat Symbiosis biosphere abiotic ecosystemconsumers food web biotic mutualism20. Omnivores, carnivores, herbivores, scavengers, and decomposers are all ____________________.21. Ecosystems, biotic factors, and abiotic factors make up the ____________________.22. Organism, population, and community make up the ____________________.23. Parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism are examples of ____________________.24. Trophic level and food chain are parts of a ____________________.25. In a pond ecosystem, ducks, mosquitoes, pond plants, and frogs are ____________________ factors.26. Both the alga and the fungus are benefited from their relationship in a lichen. This relationship is one of 27. Energy that passes through a food chain is lost to the environment as ____________________.28. Wind, humidity, and rocks are all ____________________ in a terrestrial ecosystem.a. autotroph k. communityb. commensalism l. biospherec. decomposer m. ecologyd. food chain n. mutualisme. food web o. adaptationf. heterotroph p. controlg. parasitism q. evolutionh. scavenger r. homeostasisi. trophic level s. hypothesisj. habitat t. reproduction____ 29. Tiny organisms that break down and absorb nutrients from dead organisms

____ 30. Obtains energy by feeding on other living organisms____ 31. Step in the passage of energy and matter through an ecosystem____ 32. Place where an organism lives out its life____ 33. Relationship between species in which one species benefits at the expense of another____ 34. Manufactures nutrients using energy from the sun or from chemical compounds____ 35. Collection of interacting populations____ 36. Simple model for showing how matter and energy move through an ecosystem____ 37. Eats dead organisms____ 38. Portion of Earth that supports life____ 39. Relationship between species in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor

benefited____ 40. Network of interconnected food chains____ 41. Relationship between species in which both species benefit____ 42. Study of interactions among organisms and their environments____ 43. The process whereby an organism produces more of its own kind____ 44. The part of an experiment against which results are compared____ 45. An organism’s tendency to maintain a stable internal environment____ 46. Any structure, behavior, or internal process that enables an organism to better survive in an

environment____ 47. A testable explanation for a question or problem____ 48. The gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time

49. Draw a food chain that includes the following organisms. Make sure they are in the correct order and the energy flow is depicted correctly. Grasshopper, Hawk, Grass, Mouse

Water CycleWater Up

Evaporation: _________________________________________________________________Transpiration: ________________________________________________________________

Water then condenses on ______________ in the air to form clouds. Further condenses takes place until __________________ forms.Water Down

Precipitation: _________________________________________________________________Examples include: ___________________, __________________, __________________

Water then moves around the earth by ____________________ .

Carbon CycleCarbon out of the atmosphere

Carbon is drawn out by ______________________ in the process of ____________________.Carbon retuned to atmosphere

Respiration:___________________________________________________________________It is also returned through open __________ and combustion of ____________ ____________.Decaying matter provides material for fossil fuels and release __________ into the atmosphere.

Nitrogen CycleNitrogen out of atmosphere

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria convert N2 into NH3 also called ___________________.__________ or liquid animal waste and decaying material also release ammonia into the soil.

Nitrogen out of soilNH3 can be assimilated by _______________ to take nitrogen out of the soil.NH3 can be converted to NO3 then go through ________________ to make N2 and be released back into

the atmosphere.

Population Biology Chapter 4____ 1. Limiting factors whose effects increase as the size of the population increases are

a. abiotic factors. c. exponential in nature.b. density-dependent factors. d. density-independent factors.____ 2. The movement of individuals from a population isa. immigration. c. a life-history pattern.b. a reproductive pattern. d. emigration.____ 3. The proportions of a population that are at different age levels make up the population’sa. fertility rate. c. age structure.b. growth rate. d. carrying capacity.____ 4. Unrestricted populations of organisms experiencea. exponential growth. c. infertility.b. linear growth. d. biotic growth.____ 5. For a particular species, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individual organisms thata. the species could reach in a given time period if all the offspring survive and reproduce.b. can be supported by a given environment.c. are in their post-reproductive years.d. can be supported if there are no limiting factors.____ 6. Density-independent factors are limiting factors whose effects area. confined to the habitat of a population.b. determined by the degree of competition for resources.c. not influenced by population densities.d. determined by the difference between birthrate and death rate.____ 7. The effect of movement of people between counties has _____ effect on total world population.a. a damaging c. a greatb. little d. no____ 8. A country that has a stable population is characterized by an age structure that is _____.a. about the same among all groupsb. largest among pre-reproductive yearsc. largest among reproductive yearsd. largest among post-reproductive years____ 9. Bacteria employ a(n) _____ reproductive strategy, a characteristic determined by their small size, rapid maturation, and short life span.a. unusual c. rapidb. early d. slow____ 10. The giant land tortoises of the Galapagos Islands have among the longest life spans of any organisms. This indicates that they likely employ a strategy of _____.a. rapid reproduction c. early sexual maturityb. slow growth d. all of these____ 11. Organisms that employ a strategy of slow reproduction usually require an environment that _____.a. is stable c. has cold daysb. fluctuates from year to year d. has 24-hour growing periods____ 12. A population that grows until it reaches its carrying capacity usually has the shape of an _____.a. I c. Sb. J d. M____ 14. For a particular species, the carrying capacity is the maximum number of individual organisms that a. the species could reach in a given time period if all the offspring survive and reproduceb. could be supported by a given environment indefinitelyc. are in their post-reproductive yearsd. could be supported by any environment over a period of one year____ 15. When you study all the growth characteristics of a human population, you are studying its _____.a. reproductive pattern c. life-history patternb. exponential growth d. demography____ 16. Population control factors whose effects increase as the size of the population increases are _____.a. abiotic factors c. limiting factorsb. density-dependent factors d. density-independent factors

____ 17. Which of the following is not a population desity dispersal pattern?a. Random c. Clumpedb. Standard d. Uniform____ 18. In the United States a census is taken every ______ years.a. 2 c. 10b. 5 d. 15____ 19. The Birthrate minus the Death Rate equals what?a. population size c. immigration rateb. population growth rate d. doubling time____ 20. Mark and Recapture and Random Sampling are two ways to estimate what?a. Population Death Rate c. Growth Rateb. Population Birthrate d. Population size____ 21. Which of the following is and example of Type II Survivorship curve?a. Spider c. humanb. Tree d. songbird

____ 22. Which of the following is and example of Type III Survivorship curve?a. spider c. humanb. dog d. songbird____ 23. Which of the following is and example of Type I Survivorship curve?a. spider c. humanb. tree d. songbird

Word BankA. Exponential B. J C. Growth D. Limiting E. Rapid F. Limiting24. Demographers collect and study data about the age structure, geographic distribution, and

____________________ of human populations.25. Instead of growing explosively, population growth tends to level off because the population reaches the

____________________ of a particular environment.26. The production of many offspring in a short period of time is characteristic of a ____________________

life-history pattern.27. Food, water, or shelter could be ____________________ factors on the growth of a population.28. A population of bacteria that doubles its size every 20 minutes exhibits ____________________ growth.29. A(n) ____________________-shaped curve describes the tendency of a population to grow without limit to

its size.34. Pick the correct letter for each part of the graph in Figure 4-4. Use these terms: A. initial growth stageB. exponential growth stageC. leveling-off stageD. carrying capacity.

Biomes1. What two Zones are located in Marine Biomes?2. This is the first biome you encounter as you travel south from the North Pole.3. The most common trees in this biome are larch, fir, hemlock, and spruce (evergreen trees).4. Many of the animals that live here are small herbivores and come out at night because of the heat. 5. There is a short growing season so the plants include grasses and cushion plans, they live a long time and

are resistant to cold. 6. This biome receives between 25cm and 75 cm of precipitation yearly and consist mostly of grasses. 7. What biome receives at least 200cm and some times as much as 600cm of rain annually? 8. What biome is a combination of marine and freshwater?9. This biome is dominated by broad-leaved hardwood trees that loose their leaves annually. Examples

include maple, oak, birch, elm, and ash. 10. This biome receives less than 25cm or precipitation annually

11. In which biome is permafrost located?12. This biome includes more species than any other biome on earth.13. This biome includes lakes, ponds, streams, and rivers?14. This biome has year round growth of the vegetation.15. How many terrestrial biomes are there?16. How many aquatic biomes are there?17. What are the two biomes of Northeastern Oklahoma?18. Which biome has the richest soil?19. Which biome has the poorest soil?

CHAPTER 6 TEST: Water, Chemistry and Organic Compounds1. attractive forces between like particles a. adhesion2. monomer of carbohydrates b. amino acid3. monomer of lipids c. CHONPS4. monomer of nucleic of nucleic acids d. cohesion5. attractive force between unlike particles e. fatty acids6. monomer of proteins f. monosaccharide7. the elements of life g. nucleotide

Match the picture with the correct label8. starch A. B. C. D.9. polypeptide10. DNA11. glucose12. cell membrane13. nucleotide 14. triglyceride E. F. G.16. Proteins that speed up chemical reactions in cells are called

a. acids c. enzymes b. bases d. hydrolysis

17. Which is incorrectly matched? a. carbohydrates—hormones, steroids c. proteins—meat, dairy, hair, nailsb. lipids—fats, oils, waxes d. nucleic acids—DNA, RNA

18. All organic molecules center on which of the following elements?a. carbon c. nitrogenb. hydrogen d. oxygen

19. Which of the following is NOT an organic molecule?a. DNA c. saltb. enzymes d. sugar

20. A single subunit that is used to build larger moleculesa. atom c. ionb. hydrogen bond d. monomer

21. The study of the molecules that make up life is a. biology c. inorganic chemistryb. biochemistry d. moleculogy

22. What are the 6 elements of life?a. calcium, helium, oxygen, neon, potassium, sodiumb. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, magnesium, potassium, sulfurc. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfurd. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, potassium, sodium

23. Genetic information is encoded in molecules of a. carbohydrates c. nucleic acidsc. lipids d. proteins

24. Lipids DO NOT perform which of the following roles?

a. act as hormones c. serve as enzymesb. protect organisms d. store energy

25. Proteins have a major role in all of the following functions EXCEPTa. storing energy c. serving as enzymesb. forming structural components of organisms d. all are protein functions

26. Plants store glucose/energy molecules as a. alcohol c. glycogenb. glucose d. starch

27. A molecule that has a partial positive charge on one side and a partial negative charge on the other side is called a

a. charged molecule c. nonpolar moleculeb. ion d. polar molecule

28. What causes the water level inside a straw to be higher than the level in the surrounding container? a. adhesion c. polarityb. capillarity d. none of the above

29. compounds are substances produced and found in living things.a. carbohydrates c. nucleic b. inorganic d. organic

30. What is the element of life?a. Carbon c. oxygenb. Hydrogen d. water

31. Animals store energy molecules as a. alcohol c. glycogenb. glucose d. starch

32. What is the energy molecule of life?a. ATP c. DNAb. carbohydrates d. proteins

33. All of the following are polar EXCEPTa. carbohydrates c. lipidsb. ionic compounds d. proteins

34. Which of the following is NOT a lipid?a. hormone c. oilb. sugar d. wax

36. If a molecule contains a partial positive charge and a partial negative charge it is considered to be what?a. soluble c. polarb. magnetic d. organic

37. What organic molecule is responsible for providing long term energy?a. carbohydrate c. lipidb. protein d. nucleic acid

38. After an enzyme has completed the reaction, it returns to its original shape, thus making it reusable.a. trueb. false

39. What is the term for the measure of how acidic or basic a substance is?a. polarity c. solubilityb. pH d. acid scale

40. When the electrons are shared between the bonding atoms this is considered what type of bond?a. covalent c. ionicb. peptide d. hydrogen

41. In a solution what is the term for the substance that is being dissolved?a. solvent c. solutionb. precipitate d. solute

42. What type of reaction is responsible for combining monomers?a. hydrolysis c. combustionb. condensation d. squashing

43. This organic molecule is used for quick energya. carbohydrate c. lipidb. protein d. nucleic acid

44. What happens to the electrons in ionic bonding?a. the electrons are shared unequally c. the electrons disappearb. the electrons are shared evenly d. the electrons are transferred from one atom to another

45. In a solution, the ________________ is the substance that is doing the dissolving.a. solvent c. solutionb. precipitate d. solute

46. This type of reaction is responsible for breaking down or taking apart molecules.a. hydrolysis c. combustionb. condensation d. squashing

47. How many different amino acids are there?a. 40 c. 20b. 10 d. 30

48. Amino acids are linked together with peptide bonds to create ______________.a. sugar c. starchb. protein d. carbohydrates

49. List three reasons why anabolic steroids are bad for the body50. Name the three parts of an atom