2008 Cannon Dale Bicycle Owners Manual En

7/31/2019 2008 Cannon Dale Bicycle Owners Manual En

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Use o this manUal

C Bcc owr mu

This manual contains important inormation aectingyour saety and the proper use o bicycles. It is a

very important manual or every bike we make. It is

organized into two parts:

PaRt i

Is a generic guide to the proper unction and use

o bicycles. This generic inormation is used by

many bike companies. Most aspects o bicycles are

common or generic. PART I o this manual is the 9th

edition o the generic manual.

PaRt ii

Contains Inormation specic to Cannondale bicycles

and topics we eel you need to know and understand

about our bikes.

A manual alone cannot teach you how to ride, and a

manual the size o an encyclopedia could not cover

every combination o bicycle, rider and conditions.

Thus, as a reasonable person would expect, the

Cannondale manuals and supplements ocus on the

bicycle, not teaching you to ride.

This manual is not intended as a comprehensive use,

service, repair or maintenance manual. It contains no

assembly instructions. This manual is not a service

manual or any parts o your bike. Please see your

dealer or all service, repairs or maintenance. Your

dealer may also be able to reer you to classes or

books on bicycle use, and maintenance.

owr mu supp

Cannondale Owners Manual Supplements are

supplements to this manual providing importantadditional model specic saety, maintenance, and

technical inormation. Cannondale Owners Manual

Supplements are not replacements or this or any

other manual or your bike.

You can download Adobe Acrobat PDF versions o

any Cannondale Owners Manual or Owners Manual

Supplements or Tech Notes rom our website. Go to:

http://www.cannondale.com/bikes/tech/.

or mu & iruc

Many o the components on your bike were not

made by Cannondale. When available rom the

manuacturer, Cannondale packages these manuals

and/or instructions with our bikes or delivery to you.

We strongly recommend that you read and ollow

all the manuacturers specic instructions includedwith your bike.

aur C Rr

Your local Authorized Cannondale Retailer is your

primary contact or service and adjustment o your

bicycle, instruction in its use, and any warranty

questions.

Your new bike is to be delivered by a Authorized

Cannondale Retailer to you in a completely assembled

and properly adjusted condition, complete with allrequired saety equipment, Owners Manuals, any

Cannondale Owners Manual Supplements, and the

available manuacturers instructions (shipped by

Cannondale) or parts and components or your

bike.

To nd the Cannondale retailer closest to you, call

-800-BIKE-USA, or use our website dealer locator at

www.cannondale.com.

U o Gu Rpc Pr

It is important to your saety and the perormance

o your Cannondale bicycle that you use only

genuine Cannondale replacement parts in Headshok

and Lety orks, Cannondale swingarms and rear

suspension assemblies, derailleur hangers and other

rame hardware. These parts are described in Owners

Manual Supplements. This note does not apply to

widely used generic bicycle components such as

derailleurs.

This manual meets EN standards

14764, 14766, and 14781.


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PaRt i

Contents

Use o this manUal .................................1

PaRt i

GeneRal WaRninG .....................................4

a sPeCial note oR PaRents ..................4

seCtion 1. iRst .................................... 5-8

.A Bike Fit ...............................................................................5.B Saety First........................................................................5

.C Mechanical Saety Check ........................................... 6

.D First Ride ..........................................................................8

seCtion 2. saety ............................... 8-14

.A The Basics .........................................................................9

.B Riding Saety .................................................................0

.C O-Road Saety ............................................................

.D Wet Weather Riding ....................................................E Night Riding .................................................................

.F Extreme, Stunt, or Competition Riding ..............3

.G Changing Components

Adding Accessories ....................................................4

seCtion 3. it .................................... 15-19

3.A Stand Over Height ......................................................5

3.B Saddle Position ............................................................6

3.C. Handlebar Height and Angle ..................................8

3.D Control Position Adjustments ................................93.E Brake Reach ...................................................................9

seCtion 4. teCh ............................... 20 - 37

4.A Wheels .............................................................................0

4.B Seat Post Cam Action Clamp...................................6

4.C Brakes ..............................................................................7

4.D Shiting Gears ...............................................................30

4.E Pedals ...............................................................................3

4.F Bicycle Suspension......................................................33

4.G Tires and Tubes ............................................................34

seCtion 5. seRviCe ............................38-41

5.A Service Intervals ..........................................................39

5.B I Your Bicycle Sustains an Impact .........................4

PaRt ii

seCtion a.

imPoRtant saety ino .................. 42-50

A Wide Range o Injuries Are Possible .........................4

Bicycles Cannot Protect You ............................................4

Bicycling Inherent Risk ......................................................4

Warning Label.......................................................................43

Riding in Trac, Commuting...........................................43

Riding at Night, Dusk, Dawn ...........................................44Renishing .............................................................................45

Modications ........................................................................45

Child Carriers .........................................................................46

Children and Stationary Bike Trainers ..........................45

Bicycles Have Sharp Suraces ..........................................46

Bar Ends ..................................................................................46

Installing Accessories .........................................................47

Aerodynamic Handlebars .................................................47

About Shimmy .....................................................................48

Toe Clip Overlap ...................................................................48

Brake Power Modulators ...................................................49Atermarket Brake Systems ..............................................49

Atermarket Power Systems ............................................50

seCtion B. intended Use ................. 51-59

t c cu wg

r.

High Perormance Road ....................................................5

General Purpose Riding ....................................................53

Cross-Country, Marathon, Hardtails .............................54

All Mountain ..........................................................................55

Gravity, Freeride, Downhill ...............................................56

Dirt Jump ................................................................................57

Cyclocross ..............................................................................58

Road Tandems ......................................................................58

Mountain Tandems .............................................................59


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3

SECTION C.

MOUNTAIN BIKE RIDING .................60-63

Off-Road Riding................................................60

Bike Types ........................................................60Inspection and Maintenance Routines .............60Suspension.......................................................61

Jumping............................................................61Stay In Control..................................................61

Downhill and Lift-Serviced Riding.....................61Shifting Gears While Pedaling..........................61Freeride and Downhill Riding ...........................64

SECTION D.

INSPECT FOR SAFETY....................66-76

1. Understanding Metals...................................67

2. Understanding Composites (Carbon Fiber

) 723. Understanding Components.........................73Bicycle Lifespan................................................76Useful Life of Lightweight Frames ....................76

SECTION E.

MAINTENANCE.................................77-81

30 Day Service .................................................77Cleaning ...........................................................77Preventing Corrosion........................................77

Lubrication........................................................78Tightening Torques ...........................................78

Repair/Work Stands .........................................79Protect From Extreme Temperatures ...............79RIding Through Water ......................................79Applying Frame Protection ...............................80

SECTION F.

CANNONDALE LIMITED WARRANTY.. 82

Warranty Registration.......................................83Serial Number...................................................83

CANNONDALE

AUTHORIZED DISTRIBUTORS............. 84

APPENDICES

APPENDIX A.Cannondale BB30 Bicycle Frames...................86

APPENDIX B.

Maximum Fork Length......................................87

APPENDIX C.Carbon Fiber Seat Posts..................................88

APPENDIX D.Carbon Fiber Forks and Stems ........................90

APPENDIX E.Bicycle Racks ...................................................92

APPENDIX F.Bicycle Trainers................................................94

PRE-RIDE CHECKLIST

See the outside back cover................................................>>


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4

PaRt i

GeneRal WaRninG

Like any sport, bicycling involves risk o injury and

damage. By choosing to ride a bicycle, you assume

the responsibility or that risk, so you need to know

and to practice the rules o sae and responsible

riding and o proper use and maintenance. Properuse and maintenance o your bicycle reduces risk o

injury.

This Manual contains many Warnings and Cautions

concerning the consequences o ailure to maintain

or inspect your bicycle and o ailure to ollow sae

cycling practices.

The combination o the saety alert symbol and

the word WaRninG indicates a potentially hazardous

situation which, i not avoided, could result in seriousinjury or death.

The combination o the saety alert symbol and

the word CaUtion indicates a potentially hazardous

situation which, i not avoided, may result in minor

or moderate injury, or is an alert against unsae

practices.

The word CAUTION used without the saety alert

symbol indicates a situation which, i not avoided,

could result in serious damage to the bicycle or thevoiding o your warranty.

Many o the Warnings and Cautions say you may lose

control and all. Because any all can result in serious

injury or even death, we do not always repeat the

warning o possible injury or death.

Because it is impossible to anticipate every situation

or condition which can occur while riding, this

Manual makes no representation about the sae use

o the bicycle under all conditions. There are risks

associated with the use o any bicycle which cannotbe predicted or avoided, and which are the sole

responsibility o the rider.

a sPeCial note oR PaRents

As a parent or guardian, you are responsible or the

activities and saety o your minor child, and that

includes making sure that the bicycle is properly tted

to the child; that it is in good repair and sae operating

condition; that you and your child have learned andunderstand the sae operation o the bicycle; and

that you and your child have learned, understand

and obey not only the applicable local motor vehicle,

bicycle and trac laws, but also the common sense

rules o sae and responsible bicycling. As a parent,

you should read this manual, as well as review its

warnings and the bicycles unctions and operating

procedures with your child, beore letting your child

ride the bicycle.

WaRninG

make sURe that yoUR Child alWays

WeaRs an aPPRoved BiCyCle helmet

When RidinG; BUt also make sURe that

yoUR Child UndeRstands that a BiCyCle

helmet is oR BiCyClinG only, and mUst

Be Removed When not RidinG.

A helmet must not be worn while playing, in play

areas, on playground equipment, while climbing

trees, or at any time while not riding a bicycle.

Failure to ollow this warning could result in

serious injury or death.


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5

seCtion 1. iRst

note: We strongly urge you to read this Manual in its

entirety beore your rst ride. At the very least, read

and make sure that you understand each point in thissection, and reer to the cited sections on any issue

which you dont completely understand. Please note

that not all bicycles have all o the eatures described

in this manual. Ask your dealer to point out the

eatures o your bicycle.

1.a - Bike it

. Is your bike the right size? To check, see SECTION

3.A. I your bicycle is too large or too small or you,You may lose control and all. I your new bike is

not the right size, ask your dealer to exchange it

beore you ride it.

. Is the saddle at the right height? To check, see

SECTION 3.B. I you adjust your saddle height,

ollow the Minimum Insertion instructions in

SECTION 3.B.

3. Are saddle and seat post securely clamped? A

correctly tightened saddle will allow no saddle

movement in any direction. See SECTION 3.B.

4. Are the stem and handlebars at the right height

or you? I not, see SECTION 3.C.

5. Can you comortably operate the brakes? I not,

you may be able to adjust their angle and reach.

See SECTION 3.D and 3.E.

6. Do you ully understand how to operate your

new bicycle? I not, beore your rst ride, have

your dealer explain any unctions or eatures

which you do not understand.

1.B - saety iRst

. Always wear an approved helmet

when riding your bike, and ollow the

helmet manuacturers instructions

or t, use and care.

. Do you have all the other required andrecommended saety equipment? See SECTION .

Its your responsibility to amiliarize yoursel

with the laws o the areas where you ride, and to

comply with all applicable laws.

3. Do you know how to correctly operate your

wheel quick releases? Check SECTION 4.A. to

make sure. Riding with an improperly adjusted

wheel quick release can cause the wheel to

wobble or disengage rom the bicycle, and cause

serious injury or death.4. I your bike has toeclips and straps or clipless

(step-in) pedals, make sure you know how they

work (see SECTION 4.E). These pedals require

special techniques and skills. Follow the pedal

manuacturers instructions or use, adjustment

and care.

5. Do you have toe overlap? On smaller ramed

bicycles your toe or toeclip may be able to

contact the ront wheel when a pedal is all

the way orward and the wheel is turned. Read

SECTION 4.E. I you have toeclip overlap.

6. Does your bike have suspension? I so, check

SECTION 4.F. Suspension can change the way

a bicycle perorms. Follow the suspension

manuacturers instructions or use, adjustment

and care.


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6

PaRt i

1.C - meChaniCal saety CheCk

Routinely check the condition o your bicycle beore

every ride.

nu, B scrw & or r

Because manuacturers use a wide variety o astenersizes and shapes made in a variety o materials, oten

diering by model and component, the correct

tightening orce or torque cannot be generalized.

To make sure that the many asteners on your bicycle

are correctly tightened. See page 78.

Always reer to the torque specications in the

instructions provided by the manuacturer o a

component in question.

Correctly tightening a astener requires a calibratedtorque wrench. A proessional bicycle mechanic with

a torque wrench should torque the asteners on you

bicycle. I you choose to work on your own bicycle,

you must use a torque wrench and the correct

tightening torque specications rom the bicycle

or component manuacturer or rom your dealer. I

you need to make an adjustment at home or in the

eld, we urge you to exercise care, and to have the

asteners you worked on checked by your dealer as

soon as possible.

WaRninG

CoRReCt tiGhteninG oRCe on asteneRs

nUts, Bolts, sCReWs on yoUR BiCyCle is

imPoRtant.

Too little orce, and the astener may not hold

securely. Too much orce, and the astener can

strip threads, stretch, deorm or break. Either

way, incorrect tightening orce can result in

component ailure, which can cause you to loose

control and all.

Make sure nothing is loose. Lit the ront wheel o the

ground by two or three inches, then let it bounce on

the ground. Anything sound, eel or look loose? Do a

visual and tactile inspection o the whole bike. Any

loose parts or accessories? I so, secure them. I youre

not sure, ask someone with experience to check.

tr & W

Make sure tires are correctly infated (see SECTION

4.G.). Check by putting one hand on the saddle, one

on the intersection o the handlebars and stem, then

bouncing your weight on the bike while looking at

tire defection. Compare what you see with how it

looks when you know the tires are correctly infated;

and adjust i necessary.

Tires in good shape? Spin each wheel slowly and look or

cuts in the tread and sidewall. Replace damaged tiresbeore riding the bike.

Wheels true? Spin each wheel and check or brake

clearance and side-to-side wobble. I a wheel wobbles

side-to-side even slightly, or rubs against or hits the

brake pads, take the bike to a qualied bike shop to

have the wheel trued.

CaUtion

Wheels must be true or the brakes to workeectively. Wheel trueing is a skill which requires

special tools and experience. Do not attempt to

true a wheel unless you have the knowledge,

experience and tools needed to do the job

correctly.


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7

Wheel rims clean and undamaged? Make sure the

rims are clean and undamaged at the tire bead and,

i you have rim brakes, along the braking surace.

Check to make sure that any rim wear indicator

marking is not visible at any point on the wheel rim.

WaRninG

BiCyCle Wheel Rims aRe sUBJeCt to WeaR.

Ask your dealer about wheel rim wear. Some

wheel rims have a rim wear indicator which

becomes visible as the rims braking surace

wears. A visible rim wear indicator on the side

o the wheel rim is an indication that the wheel

rim has reached its maximum usable lie. Riding

a wheel that is at the end o its usable lie can

result in wheel ailure, which can cause you toloose control and all.

Br

Check the brakes or proper operation (see SECTION

4.C). Squeeze the brake levers. Are the brake quick-

releases closed? All control cables seated and securely

engaged? Do the brake pads contact the wheel rim

squarely and make ull contact with the rim? Do the

brake pads touch the wheel rim within an inch o

brake lever movement? Can you apply ull brakingorce at the levers without having them touch the

handlebar? I not, your brakes need adjustment.

Do not ride the bike until the brakes are properly

adjusted by a proessional bicycle mechanic.

W R s

Make sure the ront and rear wheels are correctly

secured. See SECTION 4.A

s p

I your seat post has an over-center cam action

astener or easy height adjustment, check that it is

properly adjusted and in the locked position. See

Section 4.B.

hbr s agMake sure the saddle and handlebar stem are parallel

to the bikes center line and clamped tight enough

so that you cant twist them out o alignment. See

SECTION 3.B and 3.C.

hbr e

Make sure the handlebar grips are secure and in good

condition. I not, have your dealer replace them. Make

sure the handlebar ends and extensions are plugged.

I not, plug them beore you ride. I the handlebars

have bar end extensions, make sure they are clamped

tight enough so you cant twist them.

WaRninG

loose oR damaGed handleBaR GRiPs

oR eXtensions Can CaUse yoU to

lose ContRol and all. UnPlUGGed

handleBaRs oR eXtensions Can CUt

yoU and CaUse seRioUs inJURy in an

otheRWise minoR aCCident.

veRy imPoRtant saety note:

P r bc rug r

w pr r p

ur bcc cp PaRt ii,

seCtion d. insPeCt oR saety.


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8

PaRt i

1.d - iRst Ride

When you buckle on your helmet and go or your rst

amiliarization ride on your new bicycle, be sure to

pick a controlled environment, away rom cars, other

cyclists, obstacles or other hazards. Ride to become

amiliar with the controls, eatures and perormanceo your new bike.

Familiarize yoursel with the braking action o the

bike (see SECTION 4.C). Test the brakes at slow speed,

putting your weight toward the rear and gently

applying the brakes, rear brake rst. Sudden or

excessive application o the ront brake could pitch

you over the handlebars. Applying brakes too hard

can lock up a wheel, which could cause you to lose

control and all. Skidding is an example o what can

happen when a wheel locks up.I your bicycle has toeclips or clipless pedals,

practice getting in and out o the pedals.

See paragraph B.4 above and SECTION 4.E.4.

I your bike has suspension, amiliarize yoursel with

how the suspension responds to brake application

and rider weight shits. See paragraph B.6 above and

SECTION 4.F.

Practice shiting the gears (see SECTION 4.D).

Remember to never move the shiter while pedaling

backward, nor pedal backwards immediately ater

having moved the shiter. This could jam the chain

and cause serious damage to the bicycle.

Check out the handling and response o the bike; and

check the comort.

i u qu, r u g

bu b u b, cu ur

r br u r.

seCtion 2. saety

WaRninGmany states ReQUiRe sPeCiiC saety

deviCes. it is yoUR ResPonsiBility to

amiliaRize yoURsel With the laWs o

the state WheRe yoU Ride and to ComPly

With all aPPliCaBle laWs, inClUdinG

PRoPeRly eQUiPPinG yoURsel and yoUR

Bike as the laW ReQUiRes.

Observe all local bicycle laws and regulations.

Observe regulations about bicycle lighting,licensing o bicycles, riding on sidewalks, laws

regulating bike path and trail use, helmet laws,

child carrier laws, special bicycle trac laws.

i ur rpb w b

w.


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9

2.a - the BasiCs

. Always wear a cycling helmet which meets the

latest certication standards and is appropriate

or the type o riding you do. Always ollow the

helmet manuacturers instructions or t, use and

care o your helmet. Most serious bicycle injuriesinvolve head injuries which might have been

avoided i the rider had worn an appropriate

helmet.

Figure . Bicycle Helmet

Your helmet should be:

U.S. Consumer Product Saety Commission (CPSC)

certied (look or the label on the helmet)

Properly Sized or You

Properly Fitted to You

Properly Attached to Your Head!

Undamaged

ASK YOUR RETAILER FOR HELP

WaRninGailURe to WeaR a helmet When RidinG

may ResUlt in seRioUs inJURy oR death.

. Always do the Mechanical Saety Check (SECTION

.C) beore you get on a bike.

3. Be thoroughly amiliar with the controls o your

bicycle: brakes (SECTION 4.C.); pedals (SECTION

4.E.); shiting (SECTION 4.D.)

4. Be careul to keep body parts and other objects

away rom the sharp teeth o chainrings, the

moving chain, the turning pedals and cranks,

and the spinning wheels o your bicycle.

5. Always wear:

Shoes that will stay on your eet and will grip the

pedals. Never ride bareoot or in sandals.

Bright, visible clothing that is not so loose that

it can be tangled in the bicycle or snagged by

objects at the side o the road or trail.

Protective eye wear, to protect against airbornedirt, dust and bugs tinted when the sun is

bright, clear when its not.

6. Dont jump with your bike. Jumping a bike,

particularly a BMX or mountain bike, can be un;

but it can put huge and unpredictable stress

on the bicycle and its components. Riders who

insist on jumping their bikes risk serious damage,

to their bicycles as well as to themselves. Beore

you attempt to jump, do stunt riding or race with

your bike, read and understand SECTION .F.

7. Ride at a speed appropriate or conditions.

Increased speed means higher risk.


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0

PaRt i

2.B - RidinG saety

ob ru r c rc w.

. You are sharing the road or the path with others

motorists, pedestrians and other cyclists.

Respect their rights.. Ride deensively. Always assume that others do

not see you.

3. Look ahead, and be ready to avoid:

Vehicles slowing or turning, entering the road or

your lane ahead o you, or coming up behind

you.

Parked car doors opening.

Pedestrians stepping out.

Children or pets playing near the road.

Pot holes, sewer grating, railroad tracks,

expansion joints, road or sidewalk construction,

debris and other obstructions that could cause

you to swerve into trac, catch your wheel or

otherwise cause you to lose control and have an

accident.

The many other hazards and distractions which

can occur on a bicycle ride.

4. Ride in designated bike lanes, on designated

bike paths or as close to the edge o the road

as possible, in the direction o trac fow or as

directed by local governing laws.

5. Stop at stop signs and trac lights; slow down

and look both ways at street intersections.

Remember that a bicycle always loses in a

collision with a motor vehicle, so be prepared to

yield even i you have the right o way.

6. Use approved hand signals or turning and

stopping.

7. Never ride with headphones. They mask trac

sounds and emergency vehicle sirens, distract

you rom concentrating on whats going on

around you, and their wires can tangle in the

moving parts o the bicycle, causing you to lose

control.

8. Never carry a passenger, unless it is a small child

wearing an approved helmet and secured in a

correctly mounted child carrier or a child-carrying

trailer.

9. Never carry anything which obstructs your vision

or your complete control o the bicycle, or whichcould become entangled in the moving parts o

the bicycle.

0. Never hitch a ride by holding on to another

vehicle.

. Dont do stunts, wheelies or jumps. I you intend

to do stunts, wheelies, jumps or go racing with

your bike despite our advice not to, read SECTION

.F, Downhill, Stunt or Competition Biking, now.

Think careully about your skills beore deciding

to take the large risks that go with this kind oriding.

. Dont weave through trac or make any moves

that may surprise people with whom you are

sharing the road.

3. Observe and yield the right o way.

4. Never ride your bicycle while under the infuence

o alcohol or drugs.

5. I possible, avoid riding in bad weather, when

visibility is obscured, at dawn, dusk or in the dark,

or when extremely tired. Each o these conditions

increases the risk o accident.


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2.C - o-Road saety

We recommend that children not ride on rough

terrain unless they are accompanied by an adult.

. The variable conditions and hazards o o-road

riding require close attention and specic skills.Start slowly on easier terrain and build up your

skills. I your bike has suspension, the increased

speed you may develop also increases your risk

o losing control and alling. Get to know how

to handle your bike saely beore trying increased

speed or more dicult terrain.

. Wear saety gear appropriate to the kind o riding

you plan to do.

3. Dont ride alone in remote areas. Even when

riding with others, make sure that someone

knows where youre going and when you expectto be back.

4. Always take along some kind o identication,

so that people know who you are in case o an

accident; and take along a couple o dollars in

cash or a candy bar, a cool drink or an emergency

phone call.

5. Yield right o way to pedestrians and animals.

Ride in a way that does not righten or endanger

them, and give them enough room so that their

unexpected moves dont endanger you.6. Be prepared. I something goes wrong while

youre riding o-road, help may not be close.

7. Beore you attempt to jump, do stunt riding

or race with your bike, read and understand

SECTION .F.

oR Rpc

Obey the local laws regulating where and how you

can ride o-road, and respect private property.

You may be sharing the trail with others hikers,

equestrians, other cyclists. Respect their rights. Stay

on the designated trail. Dont contribute to erosion

by riding in mud or with unnecessary sliding. Dont

disturb the ecosystem by cutting your own trail

or shortcut through vegetation or streams. It is

your responsibility to minimize your impact on the

environment. Leave things as you ound them; and

always take out everything you brought in.

2.d - Wet WeatheR RidinG

Under wet conditions, the stopping power o your

brakes (as well as the brakes o other vehicles sharing

the road) is dramatically reduced and your tires dont

grip nearly as well. This makes it harder to control

speed and easier to lose control.

WaRninG

Wet WeatheR imPaiRs tRaCtion, BRakinG

and visiBility, Both oR the BiCyClist

and oR otheR vehiCles shaRinG the

Road.

t r cc rc

cr w c.

To make sure that you can slow down and stop saely

in wet conditions, ride more slowly and apply your

brakes earlier and more gradually than you would

under normal, dry conditions. See also SECTION 4.C.


14/102

PaRt i

2.e - niGht RidinG

Riding a bicycle at night is many times more

dangerous than riding during the day. A bicyclist

is very dicult or motorists and pedestrians to

see. Thereore, children should never ride at dawn,

at dusk or at night. Adults who chose to acceptthe greatly increased risk o riding at dawn, at dusk

or at night need to take extra care both riding and

choosing specialized equipment which helps reduce

that risk. Consult your dealer about night riding

saety equipment.

WaRninG

ReleCtoRs aRe not a sUBstitUte oR

ReQUiRed liGhts. RidinG at daWn, atdUsk, at niGht oR at otheR times o

PooR visiBility WithoUt an adeQUate

BiCyCle liGhtinG system and WithoUt

ReleCtoRs is danGeRoUs and may

ResUlt in seRioUs inJURy oR death.

Bicycle refectors are designed to pick up and refect

street lights and car lights in a way that may help you

to be seen and recognized as a moving bicyclist.

CaUtion

Check refectors and their mounting brackets

regularly to make sure that they are clean,

straight, unbroken and securely mounted. Have

your dealer replace damaged refectors and

straighten or tighten any that are bent or loose.

The mounting brackets o ront and rear refectors are

oten designed as brake straddle cable saety catcheswhich prevent the straddle cable rom catching on

the tire tread i the cable jumps out o its yoke or

breaks.

WaRninG

do not Remove the Ront oR ReaR

ReleCtoRs oR ReleCtoR BRaCkets Rom

yoUR BiCyCle. They are an integral part o the

bicycles saety system.

RemovinG the ReleCtoRs

may RedUCe yoUR visiBility to

otheRs UsinG the RoadWay.

BeinG stRUCk By otheR vehiCles may


The refector brackets may protect you rom the

brake straddle cable catching on the tire in the

event o brake cable ailure. I a brake straddle

cable catches on the tire, it can cause the wheelto stop suddenly, causing you to loose control

and all.

i u c r ur c pr

b, cc b ur u cp w

c w bu g rg,

wg rg rc

prcu:

Purchase and install battery or generator

powered head and tail lights which meet allregulatory requirements and provide adequate

visibility.

Wear light colored, refective clothing and

accessories, such as a refective vest, refective

arm and leg bands, refective stripes on your

helmet, fashing lights attached to your body

and/or your bicycle ... any refective device or

light source that moves will help you get the

attention o approaching motorists, pedestrians

and other trac.

Make sure your clothing or anything you

may be carrying on the bicycle does not

obstruct a refector or light.

Make sure that your bicycle is equipped with

correctly positioned and securely mounted

refectors.


15/102

3

While RidinG at daWn, at dUsk oR at

niGht:

Ride slowly.

Avoid dark areas, areas o heavy or ast-moving

trac. Avoid road hazards.

I possible, ride on amiliar routes.

i RidinG in tRaiC :

Be predictable. Ride so that drivers can see you

and predict your movements.

Be alert. Ride deensively and expect the

unexpected.

I you plan to ride in trac oten, ask your dealer

about trac saety classes or a good book on

bicycle trac saety.

2. - eXtReme, stUnt oR

ComPetition RidinG

Whether you call it Aggro, Hucking, Freeride, North

Shore, Downhill, Jumping, Stunt Riding, Racing or

something else: i you engage in this sort o extreme,

aggressive riding you willget hurt, and you voluntarily

assume a greatly increased risk o injury or death.

Not all bicycles are designed or these types o riding,

and those that are may not be suitable or all types

o aggressive riding. Check with your dealer or the

bicycles manuacturer about the suitability o your

bicycle beore engaging in extreme riding.

When riding ast down hill, you can reach speeds

achieved by motorcycles, and thereore ace similar

hazards and risks. Have your bicycle and equipment

careully inspected by a qualied mechanic and besure it is in perect condition. Consult with expert

riders and race ocials on conditions and equipment

advisable at the site where you plan to ride. Wear

appropriate saety gear, including an approved

ull ace helmet, ull nger gloves, and body

armor. Ultimately, it is your responsibility to have

proper equipment and to be amiliar with course

conditions.

WaRninG

althoUGh many CataloGs,

adveRtisements and aRtiCles aBoUt

BiCyClinG dePiCt RideRs enGaGed

in eXtReme RidinG, this aCtivity is

eXtRemely danGeRoUs, inCReases yoUR

Risk o inJURy oR death, and inCReases

the seveRity o any inJURy.

Remember that the action depicted is being

perormed by proessionals with many years o

training and experience. Know your limits and

always wear a helmet and other appropriate

saety gear. Even with state-o-the-art protective

saety gear, you could be seriously injured

or killed when jumping, stunt riding, ridingdownhill at speed or in competition.

WaRninG

Bicycles and bicycle parts have limitations with

regard to strength and integrity, and this type o

riding can exceed those limitations.


16/102

4

PaRt iWe recommend against this type o riding because

o the increased risks; but i you choose to take the

risk, at least:

Take lessons rom a competent instructor rst

Start with easy learning exercises and slowly

develop your skills beore trying more dicult ordangerous riding

Use only designated areas or stunts, jumping,

racing or ast downhill riding

Wear a ull ace helmet, saety pads and other

saety gear

Understand and recognize that the stresses

imposed on your bike by this kind o activity may

break or damage parts o the bicycle and void the

warranty

Take your bicycle to your dealer i anything breaksor bends. Do not ride your bicycle when any part

is damaged.

I you ride downhill at speed, do stunt riding or

ride in competition, know the limits o your skill

and experience. Ultimately, avoiding injury is your

responsibility.

2.G - ChanGinG ComPonents

oR addinG aCCessoRies

There are many components and accessories

available to enhance the comort, perormance and

appearance o your bicycle. However, i you change

components or add accessories, you do so at your

own risk. The bicycles manuacturer may not have

tested that component or accessory or compatibility,

reliability or saety on your bicycle.

Beore installing any component or accessory,

including a dierent size tire, make sure that it is

compatible with your bicycle by checking with

your dealer. Be sure to read, understand and ollow

the instructions that accompany the products you

purchase or your bicycle. s PaRt ii, seCtion

d. insPeCt oR saety.

WaRninG

ailURe to ConiRm ComPatiBility,

PRoPeRly install, oPeRate and maintain

any ComPonent oR aCCessoRy Can


WaRninG

Changing the components on your bike may

void the warranty. Reer to your warranty, and

check with your dealer beore changing the

components on your bike.


17/102

5

seCtion 3. it

note: Correct t is an essential element o bicycling

saety, perormance and comort. Making the

adjustments to your bicycle which result in correctt or your body and riding conditions requires

experience, skill and special tools. Always have your

dealer make the adjustments on your bicycle; or, i

you have the experience, skill and tools, have your

dealer check your work beore riding.

WaRninG

i yoUR BiCyCle does not it PRoPeRly,

yoU may lose ContRol and all.

I your new bike doesnt t, ask your dealer to

exchange it beore you ride it.

3.a - stand oveR heiGht

Stand over height is the basic element o bike t (see

g. ). It is the distance rom the ground to the top o

the bicycles rame at that point where your crotch is

when straddling the bike. To check or correct stand

over height, straddle the bike while wearing the

kind o shoes in which youll be riding, and bounce

vigorously on your heels. I your crotch touches the

rame, the bike is too big or you. Dont even ride the

bike around the block. A bike which you ride only

on paved suraces and never take o-road should

give you a minimum stand over height clearance o

two inches (5 cm). A bike that youll ride on unpaved

suraces should give you a minimum o three inches

(7.5 cm) o stand over height clearance. And a bike

that youll use o road should give you our inches

(0 cm) or more o clearance.

Figure . Stand Over Height

WaRninG

i yoU Plan to Use yoUR Bike oR

JUmPinG oR stUnt RidinG, Read

seCtion 2. aGain.

. Step-through rame bicycles

Standover height does not apply to bicycles with

step-through rames. Instead, the limiting dimension

is determined by saddle height range. You must be

able to adjust your saddle position as described in

3.B. SADDLE POSITION without exceeding the limits

set by the height o the top o the seat tube and the

Minimum Insertion or Maximum Extension mark

on the seat post.


18/102

6

PaRt i

3.B - saddle Position

Correct saddle adjustment is an important actor

in getting the most perormance and comort rom

your bicycle. I the saddle position is not comortable

or you, see your dealer.

The saddle can be adjusted in three directions:

1. Up dw aju

To check or correct saddle height (g. 3):

Sit on the saddle;

Place one heel on a pedal;

Rotate the crank until the pedal with your heel on it

is in the down position and the crank arm is parallel

to the seat tube.I your leg is not completely straight, your saddle

height needs to be adjusted. I your hips must rock

or the heel to reach the pedal, the saddle is too high.

I your leg is bent at the knee with your heel on the

pedal, the saddle is too low.

Figure 3. Saddle Position

Ask your dealer to set the saddle or your optimal

riding position and to show you how to make this

adjustment. I you choose to make your own saddle

height adjustment:

loosen the seat post clamp

raise or lower the seat post in the seat tube

make sure the saddle is straight ore and at

re-tighten the seat post clamp to therecommended torque (See manuacturers

instructions).

Once the saddle is at the correct height, make sure

that the seat post does not project rom the rame

beyond its Minimum Insertion or Maximum

Extension mark (g. 4).

note: Some bicycles have a sight hole in the seat

tube, the purpose o which is to make it easy to see

whether the seat post is inserted in the seat tube ar

enough to be sae. I your bicycle has such a sight

hole, use it instead o the Minimum Insertion or

Maximum Extension mark to make sure the seat

post is inserted in the seat tube ar enough to be

visible through the sight hole.

I your bike has an interrupted seat tube, as is the

case on some suspension bikes, you must also make

sure that the seat post is ar enough into the rame

so that you can touch it through the bottom o the

interrupted seat tube with the tip o your ngerwithout inserting your nger beyond its rst knuckle.

Also see NOTE above and g. 5).

WaRninG

I your seat post is not inserted in the seat tube as

described in B. above, the seat post may break,

which could cause you to lose control and all.

Figure 4. Minimum Insertion Mark


19/102

7

Figure 5. Interrupted Seat Tube

2. r Bc aju

The saddle can be adjusted orward or back to help youget the optimal position on the bike. Ask your dealer

to set the saddle or your optimal riding position and

to show you how to make this adjustment.

I you choose to make your own ront and back

adjustment, make sure that the clamp mechanism is

clamping on the straight part o the saddle rails and is

not touching the curved part o the rails, and that you

are using the recommended torque on the clamping

astener(s) (See manuacturers instructions).

3. s ag aju

Most people preer a horizontal saddle; but some

riders like the saddle nose angled up or down just

a little. Your dealer can adjust saddle angle or teach

you how to do it.

I you choose to make your own saddle angle

adjustment and you have a single bolt saddle clamp

on your seat post, it is critical that you loosen the

clamp bolt suciently to allow any serrations on

the mechanism to disengage beore changing the

saddles angle, and then that the serrations ully

re-engage beore you tighten the clamp bolt to

the recommended torque (See manuacturers

instructions).

NOTE: I your bicycle is equipped with a suspension seat

post, periodically ask your dealer to check it.

Small changes in saddle position can have a

substantial eect on perormance and comort.

To nd your best saddle position, make only one

adjustment at a time.

WaRninG

When making saddle angle adjustments with a

single bolt saddle clamp, always check to make

sure that the serrations on the mating suraces o

the clamp are not worn. Worn serrations on the

clamp can allow the saddle to move, causing you

to lose control and all.

Always tighten asteners to the correct torque.Bolts that are too tight can stretch and deorm.

Bolts that are too loose can move and atigue.

Either mistake can lead to a sudden ailure o the

bolt, causing you to lose control and all.

WaRninG

ar ju, b ur

jug c prpr

g br rg. a cp

r p br c cu g

p, r c cu u cr

.

A correctly tightened saddle adjusting

mechanism will allow no saddle movement in

any direction. Periodically check to make sure

that the saddle adjusting mechanism is properly

tightened.


20/102

8

PaRt iI, in spite o careully adjusting the saddle height,

tilt and ore-and-at position, your saddle is still

uncomortable, you may need a dierent saddle

design. Saddles, like people, come in many dierent

shapes, sizes and resilience. Your dealer can help you

select a saddle which, when correctly adjusted or

your body and riding style, will be comortable.

WaRninG

s pp c x

rg w wc crrc

ju r wc uppr ur

pc r crrc c cu rr r

gr jur r b ,

r pc.

I your saddle causes you pain, numbness orother discomort, listen to your body and stop

riding until you see your dealer about saddle

adjustment or a dierent saddle.

3.C - handleBaR

heiGht and anGle

Your bike is equipped either with a threadless stem,

which clamps on to the outside o the steerer tube,or with a quill stem, which clamps inside the steerer

tube by way o an expanding binder bolt. I you arent

absolutely sure which type o stem your bike has, ask

your dealer.

I your bike has a threadless stem, your dealer may

be able to change handlebar height by moving

height adjustment spacers rom below the stem

to above the stem, or vice versa. Otherwise, youll

have to get a stem o dierent length or rise. Consult

your dealer. Do not attempt to do this yoursel, as itrequires special knowledge.

I your bike has a quill stem, you can ask your dealer

to adjust the handlebar height a bit by adjusting

stem height.

A quill stem has an etched or stamped mark on

its shat which designates the stems Minimum

Insertion or Maximum Extension. This mark

must not be visible above the headset.

THREADLESS

QUILL

FIGURE 6

FIGURE 7

STEM

STEM

WaRninG

QUill stems: the stems minimUm

inseRtion maRk mUst not Be visiBle

aBove the toP o the headset.

I the stem is extended beyond the minimum

insertion mark the stem may break or damage

the orks steerer tube, which could cause you to

lose control and all.


21/102

9

WaRninG

On some bicycles, changing the stem or

stem height can aect the tension o the ront

brake cable, locking the ront brake or creating

excess cable slack which can make the rontbrake inoperable. I the ront brake pads move

in towards the wheel rim or out away rom the

wheel rim when the stem or stem height is

changed, the brakes must be correctly adjusted

beore you ride the bicycle.

Some bicycles are equipped with an adjustable

angle stem. I your bicycle has an adjustable angle

stem, ask your dealer to show you how to adjust i.

Do not attempt to make the adjustment yoursel, aschanging stem angle may also require adjustments

to the bicycles controls.

WaRninG

Always tighten asteners to the correct torque.

Bolts that are too tight can stretch and deorm.

Bolts that are too loose can move and atigue.

Either mistake can lead to a sudden ailure o the

bolt, causing you to lose control and all.

WaRninG

an insUiCiently tiGhtened stem

BindeR Bolt, handleBaR BindeR Bolt oR

BaR end eXtension ClamPinG Bolt may

ComPRomise steeRinG aCtion, WhiCh

CoUld CaUse yoU to lose ContRol and

all.

Place the ront wheel o the bicycle between

your legs and attempt to twist the handlebar/

stem assembly. I you can twist the stem in

relation to the ront wheel, turn the handlebars

in relation to the stem, or turn the bar end

extensions in relation to the handlebar, the bolts

are insuciently tightened.

Your dealer can also change the angle o the

handlebar or bar end extensions.

3.d - ContRol Position

adJUstments

The angle o the brake and shit control levers and

their position on the handlebars can be changed.

Ask your dealer to make the adjustments or you.

I you choose to make your own control lever angle

adjustment, be sure to re-tighten the clamp asteners

to the recommended torque (See manuacturers

instructions).

3.e - BRake ReaCh

Many bikes have brake levers which can be adjusted

or reach. I you have small hands or nd it dicult

to squeeze the brake levers, your dealer can either

adjust the reach or t shorter reach brake levers.

WaRninG

the shoRteR the BRake leveR ReaCh, the

moRe CRitiCal it is to have CoRReCtly

adJUsted BRakes, so that Ull BRakinG

PoWeR Can Be aPPlied Within availaBle

BRake leveR tRavel.

Brake lever travel insucient to apply ull brakingpower can result in loss o control, which may

result in serious injury or death.


22/102

0

PaRt i

seCtion 4. teCh

Its important to your saety, perormance and

enjoyment to understand how things work on your

bicycle.

We urge you to ask your dealer how to do the things

described in this section beore you attempt them

yoursel, and that you have your dealer check your

work beore you ride the bike.

I you have even the slightest doubt as to whether

you understand something in this section o the

Manual, talk to your dealer.

4.a - WheelsBicycle wheels are designed to be removable or

easier transportation and or repair o a tire puncture.

In most cases, the wheel axles are inserted into slots,

called dropouts in the ork and rame, but some

suspension mountain bikes use what is called a

through axle wheel mounting system.

I you have a mountain bike equipped with through

axle ront or rear wheels, make sure that your dealer

has given you the manuacturers instructions, and

ollow those when installing or removing a throughaxle wheel. I you dont know what a through axle is,

ask your dealer.

Wheels are secured in one o three ways:

A hollow axle with a shat (skewer) running

through it which has an adjustable tension nut on

one end and an over-center cam on the other (cam

action system, g.8a & 8b).

A hollow axle with a shat (skewer) running

through it which has a nut on one end and a tting

or a hex key, lock lever or other tightening device on

the other (through bolt, g. 9)

Hex nuts or hex key bolts which are threaded on to

or into the hub axle (bolt-on wheel, g. 0)

WaRninG

RidinG With an imPRoPeRly seCURed

Wheel Can alloW the Wheel to WoBBle

oR all o the BiCyCle, WhiCh Can CaUse

seRioUs inJURy oR death. theReoRe, it is

essential that yoU:

. Ask your dealer to help you make sure you

know how to install and remove your wheelssaely.

. Understand and apply the correct technique

or clamping your wheel in place.

3. Each time, beore you ride the bike, check that

the wheel is securely clamped.

The clamping action o a correctly secured wheel

must emboss the suraces o the dropouts.


23/102

Your bicycle may be equipped with a dierent securing method or the ront wheel than or the rear wheel.

Discuss the wheel securing method or your bicycle with your dealer.

It is very important that you understand the type of wheel securing method on your bicycle, that you know

how to secure the wheels correctly, and that you know how to apply the correct clamping force that safely

secures the wheel.

Ask your dealer to instruct you in correct wheel removal and installation, and ask for the manufacturers

instructions.

ADJUSTING NUT

CAM LEVER

OPEN

CLOSED

ADJUST

CUP

CAM LEVER

OPEN

CLOSED

ADJUST

TOOL

SKEWER

NUTNUT HEX NUTHEX NUT

SKEWERSKEWER

FIGURE 9 FIGURE 10

FIGURE 8bFIGURE 8a


24/102

PaRt i1. r W scr R dc

Most bicycles have ront orks which utilize a

secondary wheel retention device to reduce the risk

o the wheel disengaging rom the ork i the wheel

is incorrectly secured. Secondary retention devices

are not a substitute or correctly securing your ront

wheel.

scr r c w bc

cgr:

a. The clip-on type is a part which the manuacturer

adds to the ront wheel hub or ront ork.

b. The integral type is molded, cast or machined into

the outer aces o the ront ork dropouts.

Ask your dealer to explain the particular secondary

retention device on your bike.

WaRninG

do not Remove oR disaBle the seCondaRy

Retention deviCe.

As its name implies, it serves as a back-up or a

critical adjustment. I the wheel is not secured

correctly, the secondary retention device can

reduce the risk o the wheel disengaging rom

the ork. Removing or disabling the secondary

retention device may also void the warranty.

Secondary retention devices are not a substitute

or correctly securing your wheel. Failure to

properly secure the wheel can cause the wheel

to wobble or disengage, which could cause you

to loose control and all, resulting in serious

injury or death.

2. W W C ac s

There are currently two types o over-center cam

wheel retention mechanisms: the traditional over-

center cam (g. 8a) and the cam-and-cup system (g.

8b). Both use an over-center cam action to clamp

the bikes wheel in place. Your bicycle may have a

cam-and-cup ront wheel retention system and a

traditional rear wheel cam action system.

a. ajug t tr C ac

mc g. 8

The wheel hub is clamped in place by the orce

o the over-center cam pushing against one

dropout and pulling the tension adjusting nut,

by way o the skewer, against the other dropout.

The amount o clamping orce is controlled by

the tension adjusting nut. Turning the tension

adjusting nut clockwise while keeping the cam

lever rom rotating increases clamping orce;

turning it counterclockwise while keeping the

cam lever rom rotating reduces clamping orce.

Less than hal a turn o the tension adjusting nut

can make the dierence between sae clamping

orce and unsae clamping orce.

WaRninG

the Ull oRCe o the Cam aCtion isneeded to ClamP the Wheel seCURely.

Holding the nut with one hand and turning

the lever like a wing nut with the other hand

until everything is as tight as you can get it

will not clamp a cam action wheel saely in the

dropouts.

s WaRninG pg 20.


25/102

3

B. ajug t Ccup mc g.

8b

The cam-and-cup system on your ront wheel

will have been correctly adjusted or your bicycle

by your dealer. Ask your dealer to check the

adjustment every six months. Do not use a cam-

and-cup ront wheel on any bicycle other thanthe one or which your dealer adjusted it.

3. Rg a ig W

WaRninG

i yoUR Bike is eQUiPPed With a hUB BRake

sUCh as a ReaR CoasteR BRake, Ront oR

ReaR dRUm, Band oR RolleR BRake; oR

i it has an inteRnal GeaR ReaR hUB, do

not attemPt to Remove the Wheel.

The removal and re-installation o most hub

brakes and internal gear hubs requires special

knowledge. Incorrect removal or assembly can

result in brake or gear ailure, which can cause

you to lose control and all.

CaUtion

I your bike has a disc brake, exercise care intouching the rotor or caliper. Disc rotors have

sharp edges, and both rotor and caliper can get

very hot during use.

a. Rg a d Br or R Br r

W

() I your bike has rim brakes, disengage the brakes

quick-release mechanism to increase the

clearance between the tire and the brake pads

(See Section 4.C g. through 5).

() I your bike has cam action ront wheel retention,

move the cam lever rom the locked or CLOSED

position to the OPEN position (gs. 8a & b). I

your bike has through bolt or bolt-on ront wheel

retention, loosen the astener(s) a ew turns

counter-clockwise using an appropriate wrench,

lock key or the integral lever.

(3) I your ront ork has a clip-on type secondary

retention device, disengage it and go to step

(4). I your ront ork has an integral secondary

retention device, and a traditional cam action

system (g. 8a) loosen the tension adjusting nut

enough to allow removing the wheel rom the

dropouts. I your ront wheel uses a cam-and-cup

system, (g. 8b) squeeze the cup and cam lever

together while removing the wheel. No rotationo any part is necessary with the cam-and-cup

system.

You may need to tap the top o the wheel with

the palm o your hand to release the wheel rom

the ront ork.

B. ig a d Br or R Br r

W

CaUtion

I your bike is equipped with a ront disk brake,

be careul not to damage the disk, caliper or

brake pads when re-inserting the disk into the

caliper. Never activate a disk brakes control lever

unless the disk is correctly inserted in the caliper.

See also Section 4.C.

() I your bike has cam action ront wheel retention,

move the cam lever so that it curves away romthe wheel (g. 8b). This is the OPEN position. I

your bike has through bolt or bolt-on ront wheel

retention, go to the next step.


26/102

4

PaRt i() With the steering ork acing orward, insert the

wheel between the ork blades so that the axle

seats rmly at the top o the ork dropouts. The

cam lever, i there is one, should be on riders let

side o the bicycle (g. 8a & b). I your bike has a

clip-on type secondary retention device, engage

it.(3) I you have a traditional cam action mechanism:

holding the cam lever in the ADJUST position

with your right hand, tighten the tension

adjusting nut with your let hand until it is nger

tight against the ork dropout (g. 8a). I you

have a cam-and-cup system: the nut and cup (g.

8b) will have snapped into the recessed area o

the ork dropouts and no adjustment should be

required.

(4) While pushing the wheel rmly to the top o theslots in the ork dropouts, and at the same time

centering the wheel rim in the ork:

(a) With a cam action system, move the cam lever

upwards and swing it into the CLOSED position

(g. 8a & b). The lever should now be parallel

to the ork blade and curved toward the wheel.

To apply enough clamping orce, you should

have to wrap your ngers around the ork blade

or leverage, and the lever should leave a clear

imprint in the palm o your hand.

(b) With a through-bolt or bolt-on system, tighten theasteners to the torque specications in Appendix

D or the hub manuacturers instructions.

note: I, on a traditional cam action system, the lever

cannot be pushed all the way to a position parallel to

the ork blade, return the lever to the OPEN position.

Then turn the tension adjusting nut counterclockwise

one-quarter turn and try tightening the lever again.

(6) With a through-bolt or bolt-on system, tighten the

asteners to the torque specications in Appendix


WaRninG

seCURely ClamPinG the Wheel With a

Cam aCtion Retention deviCe takes

ConsideRaBle oRCe.

I you can ully close the cam lever without

wrapping your ngers around the ork blade or

leverage, the lever does not leave a clear imprint

in the palm o your hand, and the serrations on

the wheel astener do not emboss the suraces

o the dropouts, the tension is insucient.

Open the lever; turn the tension adjusting nut

clockwise a quarter turn; then try again.

s WaRninG pg 20.

(6) I you disengaged the brake quick-release

mechanism in 3. a. () above, re-engage it to

restore correct brake pad-to-rim clearance.

(7) Spin the wheel to make sure that it is centered

in the rame and clears the brake pads; then

squeeze the brake lever and make sure that the

brakes are operating correctly.

C. Rg a d Br or R Br Rr

W

() I you have a multi-speed bike with a derailleur

gear system: shit the rear derailleur to high gear

(the smallest, outermost rear sprocket).

I you have an internal gear rear hub, consult your

dealer or the hub manuacturers instructions

beore attempting to remove the rear wheel.

I you have a single-speed bike with rim or disk brake,

go to step (4) below.

() I your bike has rim brakes, disengage the brakes

quick-release mechanism to increase theclearance between the wheel rim and the brake

pads (see Section 4.C, gs. through 5).


27/102

5

(3) On a derailleur gear system, pull the derailleur

body back with your right hand.

(4) With a cam action mechanism, move the quick-

release lever to the OPEN position (g. 8b). With

a through bolt or bolt on mechanism, loosen the

astener(s) with an appropriate wrench, lock lever

or integral lever; then push the wheel orward arenough to be able to remove the chain rom the

rear sprocket.

(5) Lit the rear wheel o the ground a ew inches and

remove it rom the rear dropouts.

d. ig a d Br or R Br Rr

W

CaUtion

I your bike is equipped with a rear disk brake, be

careul not to damage the disk, caliper or brake

pads when re-inserting the disk into the caliper.

Never activate a disk brakes control lever unless

the disk is correctly inserted in the caliper.

() With a cam action system, move the cam lever

to the OPEN position (see g. 8 a & b). The lever

should be on the side o the wheel opposite the

derailleur and reewheel sprockets.() On a derailleur bike, make sure that the rear

derailleur is still in its outermost, high gear,

position; then pull the derailleur body back with

your right hand. Put the chain on top o the

smallest reewheel sprocket.

(3) On single-speed, remove the chain rom the ront

sprocket, so that you have plenty o slack in the

chain. Put the chain on the rear wheel sprocket.

(4) Then, insert the wheel into the rame dropouts

and pull it all the way in to the dropouts.

(5) On a single speed or an internal gear hub, replace

the chain on the chainring; pull the wheel back in

the dropouts so that it is straight in the rame and

the chain has about /4 inches o up-and-down

play.

(6) With a cam action system, move the cam lever

upwards and swing it into the CLOSED position(g. 8 a & b). The lever should now be parallel

to the seat stay or chain stay and curved toward

the wheel. To apply enough clamping orce, you

should have to wrap your ngers around the

seat stay or chainstay or leverage, and the lever

should leave a clear imprint in the palm o your

hand.

(7) With a through-bolt or bolt-on system, tighten the

asteners to the torque specications in Appendix


NOTE: I, on a traditional cam action system, the lever

cannot be pushed all the way to a position parallel

to the seat stay or chain stay, return the lever to the

OPEN position. Then turn the tension adjusting nut

counterclockwise one-quarter turn and try tightening

the lever again.

WaRninG

seCURely ClamPinG the Wheel With a

Cam aCtion Retention deviCe takes

ConsideRaBle oRCe.


wrapping your ngers around the seat stay or

chain stay or leverage, the lever does not leave

a clear imprint in the palm o your hand, and the

serrations on the wheel astener do not emboss

the suraces o the dropouts, the tension is

insucient. Open the lever; turn the tension

adjusting nut clockwise a quarter turn; then try

again.

s WaRninG pg 20.


28/102

6

PaRt i(8) I you disengaged the brake quick-release

mechanism in 3. c. () above, re-engage it to

restore correct brake pad-to-rim clearance.

(9) Spin the wheel to make sure that it is centered

in the rame and clears the brake pads; then

squeeze the brake lever and make sure that the

brakes are operating correctly.

4.B. seat Post Cam

aCtion ClamP

Some bikes are equipped with a cam action seat

post binder. The seat post cam action binder works

exactly like the traditional wheel cam action astener

(Section 4.A.) While a cam action binder looks like

a long bolt with a lever on one end and a nut on the

other, the binder uses an over-center cam action to

rmly clamp the seat post (see g. 8a).

WaRninG

Riding with an improperly tightened seat post

can allow the saddle to turn or move and cause

you to lose control and all. Thereore:

. Ask your dealer to help you make sure youknow how to correctly clamp your seat post.

. Understand and apply the correct technique

or clamping your seat post.

3. Beore you ride the bike, rst check that the

seat post is securely clamped.

ajug t s P C ac

mc

The action o the cam squeezes the seat collar

around the seat post to hold the seat post securely

in place. The amount o clamping orce is controlled

by the tension adjusting nut. Turning the tensionadjusting nut clockwise while keeping the cam lever

rom rotating increases clamping orce; turning it

counterclockwise while keeping the cam lever rom

rotating reduces clamping orce. Less than hal a turn

o the tension adjusting nut can make the dierence

between sae and unsae clamping orce.

WaRninG

the Ull oRCe o the Cam aCtion

is needed to ClamP the seat Post

seCURely.

Holding the nut with one hand and turning the

lever like a wing nut with the other hand until

everything is as tight as you can get it will not

clamp the seat post saely.

WaRninG


wrapping your ngers around the seat post or a

rame tube or leverage, and the lever does not

leave a clear imprint in the palm o your hand,

the tension is insucient. Open the lever; turn

the tension adjusting nut clockwise a quarter

turn; then try again.


29/102

7

4.C - BRakes

There are three general types o bicycle brakes: rim

brakes, which operate by squeezing the wheel rim

between two brake pads; disc brakes, which operate

by squeezing a hub-mounted disc between two

brake pads; and internal hub brakes. All three canbe operated by way o a handlebar mounted lever.

On some models o bicycle, the internal hub brake

is operated by pedaling backwards. This is called a

Coaster Brake and is described on page 30.

WaRninG

. Rg w prpr ju br r wr

br p gru c ru ru

jur r .

. appg br r r u c c

up w, wc cu cu u cr

. Sudden or excessive application o the ront

brake may pitch the rider over the handlebars, which

may result in serious injury or death.

3. s bcc br, uc c br g.

11 a rpu br g.12, ar xr

pwru. Take extra care in becoming amiliar with

these brakes and exercise particular care when using

them.

4. s bcc br r qupp w brrc ur, , crc c rug

wc br cr cb ru wc

g pr r prgr ppc

brg rc. A modulator makes the initial brake

lever orce more gentle, progressively increasing orce

until ull orce is achieved. I your bike is equipped with

a brake orce modulator, take extra care in becoming

amiliar with its perormance characteristics.

5. dc br c g xr w x

u. B cru uc c br u

p c.

6. s br ucurr ruc r

, pr cr ur br. I

you do not have the manuacturers instructions, see

your dealer or contact the brake manuacturer.

1. Br Cr a ur

Its very important to your saety that you learn and

remember which brake lever controls which brake on

your bike.

For example:

In the US and Europe, The rear brake is controlled

by the right-hand brake lever; the ront brake is

controlled by the let-hand lever.

In the United Kingdom and Japan, the rear brake

is controlled by the let lever; the ront brake is

controlled by the right lever.

Conrm with your dealer how your bike is set up.

Make sure that your hands can reach and squeeze

the brake levers comortably. I your hands are too

small to operate the levers comortably, consult yourdealer beore riding the bike. The lever reach may be

adjustable; or you may need a dierent brake lever

design.

Most brakes have some orm o quick-release

mechanism to allow the brake pads to clear the tire

when a wheel is removed or reinstalled. When the

brake quick release is in the open position, the brakes

are inoperative. Ask your dealer to make sure that you

understand the way the brake quick release works on

your bike (see gs. , , 3, 4 & 5) and check eachtime to make sure both brakes work correctly beore

you get on the bike.

2. hw Br Wr

The braking action o a bicycle is a unction o the

riction between the brake suraces usually the

brake pads and the wheel rim. To make sure that you

have maximum riction available, keep your wheel

rims and brake pads clean and ree o dirt, lubricants,

waxes or polishes.


30/102

8

PaRt iBrakes are designed to control your speed, not just to

stop the bike. Maximum braking orce or each wheel

occurs at the point just beore the wheel locks up

(stops rotating) and starts to skid. Once the tire skids,

you actually lose most o your stopping orce and all

directional control. You need to practice slowing and

stopping smoothly without locking up a wheel. Thetechnique is called progressive brake modulation.

Instead o jerking the brake lever to the position

where you think youll generate appropriate braking

orce, squeeze the lever, progressively increasing the

braking orce. I you eel the wheel begin to lock up,

release pressure just a little to keep the wheel rotating

just short o lockup.

Its important to develop a eel or the amount o

brake lever pressure required or each wheel at

dierent speeds and on dierent suraces. To betterunderstand this, experiment a little by walking your

bike and applying dierent amounts o pressure to

each brake lever, until the wheel locks.

When you apply one or both brakes, the bike begins

to slow, but your body wants to continue at the

speed at which it was going. This causes a transer o

weight to the ront wheel (or, under heavy braking,

around the ront wheel hub, which could send you

fying over the handlebars).

A wheel with more weight on it will accept greaterbrake pressure beore lockup; a wheel with less

weight will lock up with less brake pressure. So, as you

apply brakes and your weight is transerred orward,

you need to shit your body toward the rear o the

bike, to transer weight back on to the rear wheel;

and at the same time, you need to both decrease rear

braking and increase ront braking orce. This is even

more important on descents, because descents shit

weight orward.

Two keys to eective speed control and sae stopping

are controlling wheel lockup and weight transer.

This weight transer is even more pronounced i your

bike has a ront suspension ork. Front suspension

dips under braking, increasing the weight transer

(see also SECTION 4.F). Practice braking and weight

transer techniques where there is no trac or otherhazards and distractions.

Everything changes when you ride on loose suraces

or in wet weather. Tire adhesion is reduced, so the

wheels have less cornering and braking traction and

can lock up with less brake orce. Moisture or dirt on

the brake pads reduces their ability to grip. The way

to maintain control on loose or wet suraces is to go

more slowly.


31/102

9

Figure .

Figure .

Figure 3.

Figure 4.

Figure 5.

OPEN

OPEN

OPEN

PUSH


32/102

30

PaRt i

CoasteR BRakes

1. hw cr br wr

The coaster brake is a sealed mechanism which is a part o the bicycles rear wheel hub. The brake is activated

by reversing the rotation o the pedal cranks (indicated by arrow above). Start with the pedal cranks in a nearly

horizontal position, with the ront pedal in about the 4 oclock position, and apply downward oot pressure on

the pedal that is to the rear. About /8 turn rotation will activate the brake. The more downward pressure you

apply, the more braking orce, up to the point where the rear wheel stops rotating and begins to skid.

WaRninG

Beore riding, make sure that the brake is working properly. I it is not working properly, have the bicycle

checked by your dealer beore you ride it.

WaRninG

I your bike has only a coaster brake, ride conservatively. A single rear brake does not have the stopping

power o ront-and-rear brake systems.

2. ajug ur cr br

Coaster brake service and adjustment requires special tools and special knowledge. Do not attempt to

disassemble or service your coaster brake. Take the bicycle to your dealer or coaster brake service.


33/102

3

4.d - shitinG GeaRs

Your multi-speed bicycle will have a derailleur

drivetrain (see . below), an internal gear hub

drivetrain (see . below) or, in some special cases, a

combination o the two.

. hw rur rr wr i ur bcc

rur rr, grcgg

c w :

a rear cassette or reewheel sprocket cluster

a rear derailleur

usually a ront derailleur

one or two shiters

one, two or three ront sprockets called

chainrings

a drive chain

. sg Gr

There are several dierent types and styles o shiting

controls: levers, twist grips, triggers, combination

shit/brake controls, push-buttons, and so on. Ask

your dealer to explain the type o shiting controls

that are on your bike, and to show you how they

work.

The vocabulary o shiting can be pretty conusing.

A downshit is a shit to a lower or slower gear,one which is easier to pedal. An upshit is a shit to

a higher or aster, harder to pedal gear. Whats

conusing is that whats happening at the ront

derailleur is the opposite o whats happening at the

rear derailleur (or details, read the instructions on

Shiting the Rear Derailleur and Shiting the Front

Derailleur below).

For example, you can select a gear which will make

pedaling easier on a hill (make a downshit) in one

o two ways: shit the chain down the gear steps toa smaller gear at the ront, or up the gear steps to a

larger gear at the rear. So, at the rear gear cluster, what

is called a downshit looks like an upshit. The way

to keep things straight is to remember that shiting

the chain in towards the centerline o the bike is or

accelerating and climbing and is called a downshit.

Moving the chain out or away rom the centerline o

the bike is or speed and is called an upshit.

Whether upshiting or downshiting, the bicycle

derailleur system design requires that the drive

chain be moving orward and be under at least some

tension. A derailleur will shit only i you are pedaling

orward.

CaUtion

Never move the shiter while pedaling backward,

nor pedal backwards immediately ater having

moved the shiter. This could jam the chain and

cause serious damage to the bicycle.

b. sg Rr drur

The rear derailleur is controlled by the right shiter.

The unction o the rear derailleur is to move the drive

chain rom one gear sprocket to another. The smaller

sprockets on the gear cluster produce higher gear

ratios. Pedaling in the higher gears requires greater

pedaling eort, but takes you a greater distance

with each revolution o the pedal cranks. The larger

sprockets produce lower gear ratios. Using them

requires less pedaling eort, but takes you a shorter

distance with each pedal crank revolution. Moving

the chain rom a smaller sprocket o the gear cluster

to a larger sprocket results in a downshit. Movingthe chain rom a larger sprocket to a smaller sprocket

results in an upshit. In order or the derailleur to

move the chain rom one sprocket to another, the

rider must be pedaling orward.

c. sg r drur:

The ront derailleur, which is controlled by the let

shiter, shits the chain between the larger and

smaller chainrings. Shiting the chain onto a smaller

chainring makes pedaling easier (a downshit).

Shiting to a larger chainring makes pedaling harder(an upshit).


34/102

3

PaRt i. Wc gr u i b ?

The combination o largest rear and smallest ront

gears (g. 6) is or the steepest hills. The smallest

rear and largest ront combination is or the greatest

speed. It is not necessary to shit gears in sequence.

Instead, nd the starting gear which is right or your

level o ability a gear which is hard enough or

quick acceleration but easy enough to let you start

rom a stop without wobbling and experiment

with upshiting and downshiting to get a eel or the

dierent gear combinations. At rst, practice shiting

where there are no obstacles, hazards or other

trac, until youve built up your condence. Learn to

anticipate the need to shit, and shit to a lower gear

beore the hill gets too steep. I you have diculties

with shiting, the problem could be mechanical

adjustment. See your dealer or help.

A B

1

2

3

4

5

Figure 6.

A. Hills

. Smallest ront

. Chain

3. Largest rear

B. Greatest Speed

4. Largest ront

5. Smallest rear

WaRninG

neveR shit a deRailleUR onto the

laRGest oR the smallest sPRoCket i the

deRailleUR is not shitinG smoothly.

The derailleur may be out o adjustment and the

chain could jam, causing you to lose control and

all.

e. What i it wont shit gears?

I moving the shit control one click repeatedly ails

to result in a smooth shit to the next gear chances

are that the mechanism is out o adjustment. Take the

bike to your dealer to have it adjusted.

2. hw r gr ub rr wr

I your bicycle has an internal gear hub drivetrain, the

gear changing mechanism will consist o:

a 3, 5, 7, 8, speed or possibly an innitely

variable internal gear hub

one, or sometimes two shiters

one or two control cables

one ront sprocket called a chainring

a drive chain. sg r gr ub gr

Shiting with an internal gear hub drivetrain is simply

a matter o moving the shiter to the indicated

position or the desired gear. Ater you have moved

the shiter to the gear position o your choice, ease

the pressure on the pedals or an instant to allow the

hub to complete the shit.

b. Wc gr u i b ?

The numerically lowest gear () is or the steepesthills. The numerically largest gear is or the greatest

speed.


35/102

33

Shiting rom an easier, slower gear (like ) to a harder,

aster gear (like or 3) is called an upshit. Shiting

rom a harder, aster gear to an easier, slower gear

is called a downshit. It is not necessary to shit gears

in sequence. Instead, nd the starting gear or the

conditions a gear which is hard enough or quick

acceleration but easy enough to let you start roma stop without wobbling and experiment with

upshiting and downshiting to get a eel or the

dierent gears. At rst, practice shiting where there

are no obstacles, hazards or other trac, until youve

built up your condence. Learn to anticipate the need

to shit, and shit to a lower gear beore the hill gets

too steep. I you have diculties with shiting, the

problem could be mechanical adjustment. See your

dealer or help.

c. W w gr?I moving the shit control one click repeatedly ails

to result in a smooth shit to the next gear chances

are that the mechanism is out o adjustment. Take the

bike to your dealer to have it adjusted.

4.e - Pedals

. Toe Overlap is when your toe can touch the ront

wheel when you turn the handlebars to steer

while a pedal is in the orwardmost position.This is common on small-ramed bicycles, and is

avoided by keeping the inside pedal up and the

outside pedal down when making sharp turns.

This technique will also prevent the inside pedal

rom striking the ground in a turn.

WaRninG

toe oveRlaP CoUld CaUse yoU to lose

ContRol and all. ask yoUR dealeR to

helP yoU deteRmine i the ComBinationo Rame size, CRank aRm lenGth, Pedal

desiGn and shoes yoU Will Use ResUlts

in Pedal oveRlaP.

Whether you have overlap or not, you must keep

the inside pedal up and the outside pedal down

when making sharp turns.

. Some bicycles come equipped with pedals that

have sharp and potentially dangerous suraces.These suraces are designed to add saety by

increasing grip between the riders shoe and

the pedal. I your bicycle has this type o high-

perormance pedal, you must take extra care

to avoid serious injury rom the pedals sharp

suraces. Based on your riding style or skill level,

you may preer a less aggressive pedal design,

or chose to ride with shin pads. Your dealer can

show you a number o options and make suitable

recommendations.

3. Toeclips and straps are a means to keep eetcorrectly positioned and engaged with the

pedals. The toeclip positions the ball o the oot

over the pedal spindle, which gives maximum

pedaling power. The toe strap, when tightened,

keeps the oot engaged throughout the rotation

cycle o the pedal. While toeclips and straps give

some benet with any kind o shoe, they work

most eectively with cycling shoes designed

or use with toeclip

2008 Cannon Dale Bicycle Owners Manual En

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Transcript of 2008 Cannon Dale Bicycle Owners Manual En