2007 - Week 1.2 Some Fundamental Items from PHYSICS.
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Transcript of 2007 - Week 1.2 Some Fundamental Items from PHYSICS.
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2007 - Week 1.2
Some Fundamental Items from
PHYSICS
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Assignment-
Begin reading the Background Notes that are posted on the website.
Roughly pages 1-18
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From Our Discussion
Elements of Music Structured/Designed Sound
Some pleasant – bells, most musical instruments Some nasty – whip Some intermediate - drums
Rhythm (time) Tones (Not defined, though) Loudness Pleasurable ???? Message ???? Must there be one? What Kind?
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Bone Flute – Music is older than I am!
50,000 years or moreNeanderthal
reconstructions
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Where did instruments come from???
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What does this mean?
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Lightening
Takes time to get to you or you are in big trouble. Speed = distance/time What is distance? What is time?
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Sound --- A “disturbance”
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Important Definitions
Length or Distance How “far” something moves or travels. Measured against some agreed upon standard.
Length Standard .. The Gorf
Unknown Length
1 2 3 4 1/8
= 4 1/8 Gorfs
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The real standard:
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Systems of Units SI Units …. Meters, Seconds,
Newtons/Kilograms English System ….. Feet/yards,
seconds, pounds/poundals
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More Important Definitions
TIME The subjective “distance” between two EVENTS.
It needs to be objective … ie measurable and reproducible.
Original Clock – The Earth’s Rotation“It is two days journey”
Today’s Clocks – “He ran the race in 4 hours, 2 minutes and 21.85
seconds”
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Things that “tick” at some rate
The planet … once a day The Pendulum .. Depends on a number of
things; Parameters:
Length
Weight,whateverthat is.
Mounting
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In case you care…..
2/32
1415926.3
(g)
(L) 2
sftg
gravityofonaccelerati
Lengthperiod
We will discuss this “g-thing” when weget to acceleration.
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Sun Clock
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Water Clocks
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And so on …
Rolex (~$10K) Atomic Clock (NASA) $ megabucks
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The music clock: the Metronome
112 quarter notes per minute.
Kind ofPendulum
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We hear music (and other noise) in our brains.
Sound
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And you didn’t even know that you have one!
Sound Waves push againstyour
Tympanic MembraneWhat is a wave, what is a push??
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Inside your head
To Brain
d
D
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In order to understand musical tones and their relationship to each other, we need to understand
GRAPHS!
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A graph … what does it all mean?
time (seconds)2
dist
ance
(m
eter
s)
1
100
50
snail
rabbit
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Speed
distance that travel toit takes time
traveleddistanceSpeed
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So….
time (seconds)2
dist
ance
(m
eter
s)
1
100
50
snail
rabbit
Snail goes 100 meters in2 seconds …
Speed=100m/2s
Speed = 2 meters/second
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Notice
spd
x timespeed distance
,time
distancespeed
then
if
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Also
Velocity is speed in a particular direction. Velocity: 120 m/hr NORTH Speed: 120 m/hr (or mph)
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Example
Sound travels about 1100 ft per second. How much time does it take for sound to
travel about 1 mile?
sec5~1100/5280/
vdt
vtd
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Another Graph .. a biggy!
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (seconds)
dis
turb
an
ce
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Important Definitions
Tf
or
periodfrequency
1
1
The PERIOD, T is the time it takes to go from one condition to the next time that exact condition is repeated.The frequency, the number of oscillations per second, is given by:
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-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 5 10 15 20 25
Time (seconds)
dis
turb
an
ce
6 sec
Period = 6 secondsFrequency=1/6 per sec (Hz) =0.16 sec = 160 ms
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Siren … a scientific instrument
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The Graph
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time in milli-seconds
"air
spee
d"
- re
lati
ve
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100 Bottles of beer on the wall …
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Resonance (later)
Rotational Speed
(Turns/second)
Loud
ness
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Helmholtz Resonators
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Helmholtz’s Results
Note from Middle C Frequency
C 264
D 297
E 330
F 352
G 396
A 440
B 496
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