2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW...

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2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane

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Transcript of 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW...

Page 1: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

2006-2007

Movement across the Cell Membrane

Page 2: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Diffusion

DiffusionDiffusionmovement from HIGH → LOW concentrationDown the concentration gradient

DiffusionDiffusionmovement from HIGH → LOW concentrationDown the concentration gradient

Is this a passive or

active process?

Is this a passive or

active process?

What did it take to What did it take to make the make the

concentration concentration gradient?gradient?

Page 3: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

32006-2007

The concentration gradient stores potential energy

It takes energy to generate the gradient

The process is still considered passive

Page 4: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Facilitated Diffusion• Diffusion through

protein channels– highly specific– passive process

“The Bouncer”

HIGHHIGH

LOWLOW

what sort of what sort of molecules molecules

will use this will use this process?process?

Page 5: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Active Transport

“The Doorman”

• Cells may need to move molecules against concentration gradient– conformational shape

change transports solute from one side of membrane to other

– protein “pump”– “costs” energy = ATP

ATP

LOWLOW

HIGHHIGH

Once completed, Once completed, where has the where has the energy for the energy for the

active transport active transport gone? gone?

Page 6: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

symportsymportantiportantiport

Active transport• Many models & mechanisms

ATP ATP

Page 7: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Getting through cell membrane• Passive Transport

– Simple diffusion• nonpolar, hydrophobic molecules

–HIGH → LOW concentration gradient– Facilitated transport

• polar, hydrophilic molecules• through a protein channel

–HIGH → LOW concentration gradient• Active transport

– against concentration gradient• LOW → HIGH

– uses a protein pump (requires ATP)ATP

Page 8: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Transport summary

simplesimplediffusiondiffusion

facilitatedfacilitateddiffusiondiffusion

activeactivetransporttransport

ATP

Page 9: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

What about large molecules?

• Moving large molecules into & out of cell– through vesicles & vacuoles– endocytosis

• phagocytosis = “cellular eating”• pinocytosis = “cellular drinking”

– exocytosis

exocytosis

Page 10: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Endocytosis

phagocytosis

pinocytosis

receptor-mediated endocytosis

fuse with lysosome for digestion

non-specificprocess

triggered bymolecular signal

Page 11: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

What about Osmosis?

• Diffusion of water from HIGH concentration of water to LOW concentration of water– across a

semi-permeable membrane

Why does Why does osmosis need osmosis need a membrane?a membrane?

Page 12: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Concentration of water

• Direction of osmosis is determined by comparing total solute concentrations– Hypertonic - more solute, less water

– Hypotonic - less solute, more water

– Isotonic - equal solute, equal water

hypotonic hypertonic

water

net movement of water

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Hypotonic , Hypertonic, Isotonic

How does sugar How does sugar concentration lead to concentration lead to water movement? water movement?

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Which way would Which way would water move if oil was water move if oil was added to the left side added to the left side

of the tube?of the tube?

Let’s watch the video

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/osmosis.swf
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/osmosis.swf
Page 15: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Managing water balance

• Hypotonic• Animal cell/protist

cell problem?

• Solutions?

• Plant cells....

• turgid = full• cell wall protects

from bursting

freshwater

No problem,here

KABOOM!

Page 16: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Managing water balance• Hypertonic

• Animal cells:• How can they adjust:• Take up water or pump

out solutes.– plant cells

• plasmolysis = wilt

saltwater

I willsurvive!

I’m shrinking,I’m shrinking!

Why do people make Why do people make beef jerky, and add beef jerky, and add syrup to preserve syrup to preserve

canned fruit?canned fruit?

Page 17: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Managing water balance• Isotonic

–Animal cell problems:–none–solutes are equally

concentrated on both sides of membranes

–Plant cell problems–flaccid cells lose structure.

balanced

I couldbe better…

That’sperfect!

Page 18: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Aquaporins• Water moves rapidly into & out of cells

– evidence that there were water channels• protein channels allowing flow of water across

cell membrane

Peter AgreJohn Hopkins

Roderick MacKinnonRockefeller

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.05 M.05 M .03 M.03 M

Which way will water Which way will water

move?move?

Page 20: 2006-2007 Movement across the Cell Membrane. Diffusion Diffusion movement from HIGH → LOW concentration Down the concentration gradient Diffusion.

Hey...watch this

http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/transport1.html

DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS. DIFFUSION is the movement of liquid or a gas molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration until the substance is.

DIFFUSION AND OSMOSIS. DIFFUSION is the movement of liquid or a gas molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration until the substance is.

DIFFUSION AND EQUILIBRIUM PASSIVE TRANSPORT. Continuous Gradient HIGH CONCENTRATION LOW CONCENTRATION.

DIFFUSION AND EQUILIBRIUM PASSIVE TRANSPORT. Continuous Gradient HIGH CONCENTRATION LOW CONCENTRATION.

Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement.

Osmosis and Diffusion!. IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS DIFFUSION : movement of particles from higher concentration to lower concentration DIFFUSION : movement.

Active Transport, Diffusion and Osmosis. Passive Transport by Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an.

Active Transport, Diffusion and Osmosis. Passive Transport by Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an.

Cell Transport - Main HomeTypes of transport across membranes 1. Diffusion (Simple Diffusion) movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. 2. Facilitated

Cell Transport - Main HomeTypes of transport across membranes 1. Diffusion (Simple Diffusion) movement from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. 2. Facilitated

Unit 3 Lecture 3. Diffusion Diffusion movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration works to balance the.

Unit 3 Lecture 3. Diffusion Diffusion movement of substances from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration works to balance the.

Diffusion Diffusion – net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Caused by random movement Is a slow.

Diffusion Diffusion – net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Caused by random movement Is a slow.

Cellular Transport By: Alexandra. Definition Of Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

Cellular Transport By: Alexandra. Definition Of Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of particles from a higher concentration to a lower concentration.

Diffusion and Cell Membrane Candy Quiz. 1.) Diffusion is defined as… A.Defined as the movement of particles from areas of low solute concentration to.

Diffusion and Cell Membrane Candy Quiz. 1.) Diffusion is defined as… A.Defined as the movement of particles from areas of low solute concentration to.

Cell Structures Movement & Organelles. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Move to.

Cell Structures Movement & Organelles. Diffusion Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration Move to.

Cell Membrane & Homeostasis. DEFINITIONS: Diffusion: movement of molecules from region of high concentration to low concentration Diffusion: movement.

Cell Membrane & Homeostasis. DEFINITIONS: Diffusion: movement of molecules from region of high concentration to low concentration Diffusion: movement.

Diffusion & Osmosis Ch 8. Diffusion Definition: Net movement of particles from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration Example:

Diffusion & Osmosis Ch 8. Diffusion Definition: Net movement of particles from an area of _______ concentration to an area of ______ concentration Example:

Osmosis and Diffusion Gummy Bear Lab. Diffusion SOLUTE PARTICLES move from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration. HIGH CONCENTRATION LOW CONCENTRATION.

Osmosis and Diffusion Gummy Bear Lab. Diffusion SOLUTE PARTICLES move from HIGH concentration to LOW concentration. HIGH CONCENTRATION LOW CONCENTRATION.

Lab 3 271 bot. DIFFUSION The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. This process continues until.

Lab 3 271 bot. DIFFUSION The movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. This process continues until.

Honors Biology Cellular Transport. Diffusion The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Honors Biology Cellular Transport. Diffusion The net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Chapter 4 Section 1: Passive Transport. Objectives Relate concentration gradients, diffusion, and equilibrium. Predict the direction of water movement.

Chapter 4 Section 1: Passive Transport. Objectives Relate concentration gradients, diffusion, and equilibrium. Predict the direction of water movement.

CONCEPTS ON THE CHLORIDE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTUsually, the so-called steady-state Diffusion Coefficient, Ds, refers to the pore solution concentration and therefore expresses the movement

CONCEPTS ON THE CHLORIDE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENTUsually, the so-called steady-state Diffusion Coefficient, Ds, refers to the pore solution concentration and therefore expresses the movement

Neuron/Electronic Interfacinglss/recentpapers/atlanta23042003.pdf• Electronic: movement/diffusion of electrons in electric field • Neural: – Ionic diffusion due to concentration

Neuron/Electronic Interfacinglss/recentpapers/atlanta23042003.pdf• Electronic: movement/diffusion of electrons in electric field • Neural: – Ionic diffusion due to concentration

SAMEALIKE STANDING STAYING GREATER CONCENTRATION LESSER CONCENTRATION diffusion.

SAMEALIKE STANDING STAYING GREATER CONCENTRATION LESSER CONCENTRATION diffusion.

Slide 1 Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle. Slide 2 Diffusion—Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Slide 1 Cellular Transport and the Cell Cycle. Slide 2 Diffusion—Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.