2006-07-12 - CBD Implementation Roadmap · 2009. 9. 3. · Roadmap Implementation CBD Ecosystem...

David StrobelDavid StrobelRoadmap Implementation CBD Roadmap Implementation CBD

Ecosystem ApproachEcosystem Approach 11

CONTENTS1. Main achievements of the CBD2. Pros & Cons of the EA3. CBD Challenges & Goals4. Obstacles to the implementation of the EA5. Possible actions for a better applicability of the EA6. 2010 Target (Status and Trends) 7. Roadmap -exemplified ConclusionsReferences



§ Continuous advancement of 12 principles throughadditional guidelines that can be translated into practical action

§ Initiation of national action plans in ~130 countries§ Raising of awareness about biodiversity§ Adoption of Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety as

international regulatory framework for the safe transfer, handling and use of living organisms resulting from modern biotechnology



PROS§ Broadness of scope keeps EA adaptive for further, more concrete guidelines

and country-/area-specific applications.§ Under the roof (and potential future supervision) of the CBD the member

parties could – in a similar way as with the reduction of emissions triggered by the Kyoto Protocol – commit themselves in a more determined way, e.g. also with control measures, to achieve goals within given time frames.

§ The CBD can provide the necessary comprehensive body to develop a global knowledge pool and a database whereto regional, national and local action groups contribute their research, implementation and monitoring experiences.



CONS§ 12 principles as loose conglomerate without structure or logical order

therefore not practical as application tool§ No incentives for national institutions to comply with COP decisionsà lack of commitment in applying national strategies or action plans

§ No financial support for industrialized countries - developing/transitional countries can request financial support from the GEF

§ Still gaps in important thematic areas such as waste mgmt., population development, water & air purity

§ Institutional bureaucracy within the CBD: à e.g. slow ratification process



CHALLENGES§ Mainstream the 3 CBD objectives (conservation, sustainable use and

equitable profit-sharing) across all sectors of society, economy and policy-making institutionsà need for cooperation with many different actors à need for integrated management approaches

§ Scope of the Convention implicates that human, scientific and technical resources for developing / transitional countries are existent or provided



5 MAJOR GOALS§ CBD establishes a leadership role in international biodiversity issues§ Improvement of the parties’ financial, human, scientific & technical capacity § Effective application of NBSAP to integrate biodiversity issues into all

relevant sectors§ Improvement of public understanding of the importance of biodiversity à broader engagement across society

§ Developing methods to objectively evaluate implementation progress



POLITICAL / SOCIETAL§ Lack of political will and support§ Limited stakeholder involvement§ Lack of integration of biodiversity issues into other sectors§ Political instability§ Lack of precautionary and proactive measures can cause reactive policies

INSTITUTIONAL, TECHNICAL & CAPACITY-RELATED§ Institutional weaknesses as bureaucracy, lack of determination, corruption§ Lack of human resources§ Lack of transfer of technology and expertise§ Lack of traditional knowledge§ Lack of adequate scientific research capacities



LACK OF ACCESSIBILITY OF INFORMATION§ Loss of biodiversity and corresponding goods and services not properly

understood and documented§ Existing scientific and traditional knowledge not fully utilized§ Insufficiency of dissemination of information nationally or internationally§ Lack of public education and awareness

ECONOMIC POLICY AND FINANCIAL RESOURCES§ Lack of financial resources§ Fragmentation of GEF financing§ Lack of economic incentive measures§ Lack of benefit-sharing



COLLABORATION / COOPERATION§ Lack of synergies at national and international level§ Lack of cooperation among stakeholders§ Lack of effective partnerships§ Lack of engagement of scientific community

LEGAL / JURIDICAL§ Lack of appropriate policies and laws

SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS§ Poverty§ Population pressure§ Unsustainable consumption and production patterns§ Lack of capacities for local communities



NATURAL PHENOMENA AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE§ Climate change§ Natural disasters

Some of the obstacles, e.g. natural disasters, poverty and population pressure can at the same time be cause and effect of an unsustainable use of the natural resources!



PREREQUISITES / SUGGESTIONS

1. Convention has to be internationally accepted as the primary institution that sets the global biodiversity agenda.

à creating organizational structures (with a corporate CBD identity) in the member countries that ratified the Convention (until now, national organizations that act independently from the CBD, however work to “some”extent according to CBD framework)

2. Underline competitive advantage of EA in relation to other approachesà need for more case studies and research projects à convincing scientists (expert task force) who could foster and promote EA implementation on the national levelà refining EA implementation guidelinesà sponsoring PhD theses




3. Financing: Formation of a comprehensive and integrative fund – instead of single thematic funds à more flexible and efficient (prioritized) allocation

4. Improvement of networking and information exchange between scientific institutions, NGOs and ministries

5. Communication towards politicians has to be more conclusive6. Integrating the CBD into education at all levels, e.g. compulsory to deal with

environmental issues during primary and secondary education7. Integration of the CBD philosophy into national legal frameworks and

national biodiversity strategiesà Countries with not so well-established environmental policies could more

readily adopt the EA than others that have a longer tradition in dealing with environmental tasks




8. Enhanced capacity-building in already existing networks and focal points9. Higher efforts in interdisciplinary education for ecosystem managers10. Mutual international learning effects between EA managers and

national/local managers applying their own procedures (that can be widely in congruence with the EA) à e.g. Alpine Conventionà Improving the integration of top-down and bottom-up procedures



- Prototype concept in response to the critique that the EA lacks applicability- Devised by G. Shepherd, CEM Thematic Leader on the EA- Assessment steps in order to facilitate implementation decisionsSTEP A – Determining the main stakeholders, defining the ecosystem area, and

developing the relationship between them (Principles 1,7,11,12)STEP B – Characterizing the structure and function of the ecosystem, and

setting in place mechanisms to manage and monitor it (Principles 2,5,6,10)STEP C – Identifying the economic issues that will affect the ecosystem and its

inhabitants (Principle 4)STEP D – Determining the likely impact of the ecosystem on adjacent

ecosystems (Principles 3,7)STEP E – Deciding on long-term goals, and flexible ways of reaching them

(Principles 7,8,9)… still, the transfer from these assessment steps



“To achieve, by 2010, a significant reduction of the current rate of biodiversity loss at the global, regional and national level, as a contribution to poverty alleviation to the benefit of all life on Earth” (formulated at COP6)

Some examples that show trends:§ Deforestation (mainly through conversion of forests to agricultural land)§ Loss of primary forest since 2000 estimated at 6 m hectares p.a.§ Coral cover in the Carribean declined 50-10% since 1970§ Average 35% of mangroves lost since 1980 (countries that provide data)§ Average decline of 3,000 animal species at 40% between 1970 and 2000§ Inland water species decline at 50%, marine and terrestrial species at 30%§ Fragmentation of forests and other natural habitats



FOCAL AREA: Status and trends of the components of biological diversityî Trends in extent of selected biomes, ecosystems and habitats «««î Trends in abundance and distribution of selected species «««î Change in status of threatened species «««î Trends in genetic diversity of domesticated animals, cultivated plants and fish species «ì Coverage of protected areas «««

FOCAL AREA: Ecosystem integrity and ecosystem goods and servicesî Marine Trophic Index «««î Connectivity – fragmentation of ecosystems ««î ì Water quality of aquatic ecosystems «««

FOCAL AREA: Threats to biodiversityì Nitrogen deposition «««ì Trends in invasive alien species «

ì Increasing î decreasing««« good indicator – methodology with globally consistent time course data«« good indicator – but no time course data« Indicator requires further development and/or limited data



FOCAL AREA: Sustainable useî Area of forest, agricultural and aquaculture ecosystems under sustainable management «ì Ecological footprint and related concepts «««

FOCAL AREA: Status of traditional knowledge, innovations and practicesî Status and trends of linguistic diversity and numbers of speakers of indigenous languages «

FOCAL AREA: Status of access and benefit sharing? Indicator of access and benefit-sharing to be developed -

FOCAL AREA: Status of resources transfersì Official development assistance (ODA) provided in support of the Convention «

ì Increasing î decreasing««« good indicator – methodology with globally consistent time course data«« good indicator – but no time course data« Indicator requires further development and/or limited data



Source: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment

- Based on studies in different countries andecosystems

- Recent World Bank Report indicates that natural capital accounts for more than 25% of the total wealth of low-income countries (more than produced capital)

San Bushmen in South Africa



Definition Roadmap:Set-up of a sequence of measures that are plotted over a certain time frame in order to achieve the defined goals, thereby indicating the involved partiesand their inputs.

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2010 Target:Significant reduction in loss of biodiversity

COP8Curitiba, Brazil

Mar 06

UNEP GMEF Nairobi, Kenya

Feb 07

COP9Bonn, Germany

Mar 08

World Energy Congress

Rome, ItalyNov 07

Refinement of EA guidelinesDefinition of explicit

application procedures

Develop policiesto apply integrated

sustainable management internationally at equal levels

Refinement of EA guidelines.Additions for

several thematic programs

Initiation of financial subsidy and incentive schemes

in European member countries

Identification of high nature value

areas in agricultural ecosystems

Development of policies to increase energy efficiency and reduce impacts on nature



§ Capacity-building and formation of manpower to be able to “fight” at several fronts simultaneously

§ Focus on tackling the problems at the root when implementing the EA à understanding of causal interconnections

§ More convincing communication towards decision-makers in order to devise alternatives à documentation of “best practices” that have been experienced with the EA à augmentation of political will

§ Promote the reform of legal and institutional frameworks in order to ease the implementation of integrated management methods as EA

§ Worldwide integration of environmental issues and CBD EA into educational systems: already in primary and secondary education



§ Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) www.biodiv.org§ International Union on the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) www.iucn.org§ Gardner T.A., Coté I.M., Gill J.A., Grant A., Watkinson A.R. (2003) Long-term Redion-wide Declines in Carribean

Corals. Science 301: 958-960.§ Gill Shepherd, The Ecosystem Approach – Five Steps to Implementation, IUCN – The World Conservation Union§ Global Biodiversity Outlook 2 (Secretariat of the Convention of Biological Diversity) www.biodiv.org/GBO2§ Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Island Press,

Washington D.C. § United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) www.unep.org World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA)

maintained by UNEP-WCMC www.unep-wcmc.org§ World Wide Fund for Nature, UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Global Footprint Network (2004).

Living Planet Report. Edited by J. Loh and M. Wackernagel, Gland, Switzerland§ World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) www.wwf.org
http://www.biodiv.orghttp://www.iucn.orghttp://www.biodiv.org/GBO2http://www.unep.orghttp://www.unep-wcmc.orghttp://www.wwf.org

2006-07-12 - CBD Implementation Roadmap · 2009. 9. 3. · Roadmap Implementation CBD Ecosystem...

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