2003 SMMA Meeting 1 The DynaMotor TM Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor A Novel High Torque...

2003 SMMA Meeting2003 SMMA Meeting 11

The DynaMotorThe DynaMotorTMTM Electronic Electronic Brushless Repulsion MotorBrushless Repulsion Motor

A Novel High Torque Brushless A Novel High Torque Brushless Repulsion MotorRepulsion Motor


Presentation ContentsPresentation Contents AbstractAbstract BackgroundBackground The Electronic Brushless Repulsion The Electronic Brushless Repulsion

Motor ASDMotor ASD Controlling the Brushless Repulsion Controlling the Brushless Repulsion

Motor (EBR)Motor (EBR) Performance of the EBR motorPerformance of the EBR motor


AbstractAbstract

The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance The patented Electronic Brushless Reluctance motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for motor (EBR) is an inexpensive platform for adjustable speed single phase motorsadjustable speed single phase motors


AbstractAbstract


Similar technology to conventional repulsion Similar technology to conventional repulsion motorsmotors


AbstractAbstract



The EBR has no commutator or brushesThe EBR has no commutator or brushes


AbstractAbstract



The EBR has no commutator or brushesThe EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for

commutationcommutation


AbstractAbstract




commutationcommutation Isolated control of the commutation switchesIsolated control of the commutation switches


AbstractAbstract


Similar technology to conventional repulsion motorsSimilar technology to conventional repulsion motors The EBR has no commutator or brushesThe EBR has no commutator or brushes Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for Solid state switches (MOSFETs, IGBTs) used for

commutationcommutation Isolated control of the commutation switchesIsolated control of the commutation switches Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical noise Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical noise

switchingswitching


AbstractAbstract




commutationcommutation Isolated control of the commutation switchesIsolated control of the commutation switches Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical Low frequency, high efficiency, low electrical

noise switchingnoise switching Universal motor torque-speed characteristicUniversal motor torque-speed characteristic


BackgroundBackground

Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in many commercial and industrial many commercial and industrial applicationsapplications




Inverter or dc type drives are good Inverter or dc type drives are good technology but not cost effective for technology but not cost effective for domestic and residential applicationdomestic and residential application





Conventional ASDs have a power Conventional ASDs have a power controller between the ac line and the controller between the ac line and the motormotor



Adjustable speed drives (ASDs)Adjustable speed drives (ASDs) are used in are used in many commercial and industrial applicationsmany commercial and industrial applications


Conventional ASDs have a power controller Conventional ASDs have a power controller between the ac line and the motorbetween the ac line and the motor

Conventional ASDs using dc motors have a Conventional ASDs using dc motors have a brush/commutator maintenance issuebrush/commutator maintenance issue


The Electronic BrushlessThe Electronic BrushlessRepulsion MotorRepulsion Motor

New concept ASD using a brushless New concept ASD using a brushless repulsion motorrepulsion motor




Eliminates the power controller between Eliminates the power controller between the ac line and the motorthe ac line and the motor





Runs on single phase powerRuns on single phase power





Runs on single phase powerRuns on single phase power Simple construction – similar to a universal Simple construction – similar to a universal

motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing Fig. 1Fig. 1





Runs on single phase powerRuns on single phase power Simple construction – similar to a universal Simple construction – similar to a universal

motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing motor – see US Patent 5,424,625 Drawing Fig. 1Fig. 1

2-Pole and 4-Pole construction most 2-Pole and 4-Pole construction most common types with 6-Pole and 8-Pole as common types with 6-Pole and 8-Pole as viable alternatives viable alternatives


2-Pole EBR Definitions2-Pole EBR Definitions


Field Pattern of 2-pole EBR Field Pattern of 2-pole EBR MotorMotor


““Hard” and “Soft” Neutral PositionsHard” and “Soft” Neutral Positions


Direction of Torque Produced Direction of Torque Produced by a Shorted Armature Coilby a Shorted Armature Coil

Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torquenegative torque



Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make Rotor angles between 0° and 90° make negative torque negative torque

Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make Rotor angles between 90° and 180° make positive torquepositive torque





Rotor angles between 180° and 270° Rotor angles between 180° and 270° make negative torquemake negative torque





Rotor angles between 180° and 270° Rotor angles between 180° and 270° make negative torquemake negative torque

Rotor angles between 270° and 360° (0°) Rotor angles between 270° and 360° (0°) make positive torquemake positive torque


4-Pole EBR Definitions4-Pole EBR Definitions


Field Pattern of 4-Pole EBR Field Pattern of 4-Pole EBR MotorMotor


Torque Production as a Torque Production as a Function of Rotor PositionFunction of Rotor Position

The torque produced by a shorted The torque produced by a shorted armature coil varies as the rotor angle armature coil varies as the rotor angle changeschanges



The torque produced by a shorted The torque produced by a shorted armature coil varies as the rotor angle armature coil varies as the rotor angle changeschanges

The shape and polarity of the torque has The shape and polarity of the torque has half-wave symmetry about the 90°half-wave symmetry about the 90° (270°) (270°) electrical position.electrical position.


Two-Pole Motor, Vstator = 43Vac, one armature coil shorted

- 4.00

- 3.00

- 2.00

- 1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180

Armature Position - Degrees

Torq

ue-L

bFt

0

5

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15

20

25

30

35

40

Ampe

res

Torque-LbFt Stator I Rotor I


48 Frame 4-pole motor, Vstator = 50Vac, one armature coil shorted

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

0 15 30 45 60 75 90

Armature Position - Degrees

LbIn



To produce positive torque it is only To produce positive torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the positive torque regionit is in the positive torque region



To produce positive torque it is only To produce positive torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the positive torque regionit is in the positive torque region

To produce negative torque it is only To produce negative torque it is only necessary to short the armature coil when necessary to short the armature coil when it is in the negative torque regionit is in the negative torque region


Controlling the EBR MotorControlling the EBR Motor

The simplest method to control the motor The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position is to use a technique called “Position Control”Control”



The simplest method to control the motor The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position is to use a technique called “Position Control”Control”

Position Control activates the solid-state Position Control activates the solid-state shorting switch with a photoelectric shorting switch with a photoelectric device over a fixed included rotor angle device over a fixed included rotor angle called the “Control Angle”called the “Control Angle”



The simplest method to control the motor is to The simplest method to control the motor is to use a technique called “Position Control”use a technique called “Position Control”

Position Control activates the solid-state Position Control activates the solid-state shorting switch with a photoelectric device shorting switch with a photoelectric device over a fixed included rotor angle called the over a fixed included rotor angle called the “Control Angle”“Control Angle”

Basic circuit elements include a small power Basic circuit elements include a small power supply, some photo detectors, the solid-state supply, some photo detectors, the solid-state switches to short the coils, and a transient switches to short the coils, and a transient energy clamp circuitenergy clamp circuit



The placement of the photo detectors The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the have the same angular spacing as the angular spacing of the armature coilsangular spacing of the armature coils



The placement of the photo detectors The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the have the same angular spacing as the angular spacing of the armature coilsangular spacing of the armature coils

Controlling the photo detectors is Controlling the photo detectors is accomplished in simple position control by accomplished in simple position control by placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed to activate the photo detectors placed to activate the photo detectors each time they enter a torque producing each time they enter a torque producing region.region.



The placement of the photo detectors have The placement of the photo detectors have the same angular spacing as the armature the same angular spacing as the armature coils angular spacingcoils angular spacing

Controlling the photo detectors is Controlling the photo detectors is accomplished in simple position control by accomplished in simple position control by placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed placing LEDs on the stator. Leds are placed to activate the photo detectors each time to activate the photo detectors each time they enter a torque producing region.they enter a torque producing region.

Multiple coils produce many torque pulses Multiple coils produce many torque pulses per revolutionper revolution


Photo detectors on the control Photo detectors on the control assemblyassembly


MOSFET power switches on control assemblyMOSFET power switches on control assembly


LED array LED array



The alternative to a simple position type The alternative to a simple position type control is to use a variable position controlcontrol is to use a variable position control



The alternative to a simple position type The alternative to a simple position type control is to use a variable position controlcontrol is to use a variable position control

This method uses the same LED This method uses the same LED arrangement as a simple position control arrangement as a simple position control except the number of LEDS that are except the number of LEDS that are turned on in the LED array is controlled to turned on in the LED array is controlled to adjust the control angle, thereby adjust the control angle, thereby controlling the motor torque and speed.controlling the motor torque and speed.



Timer Control of the EBR motorTimer Control of the EBR motor



Timer Control of the EBR motorTimer Control of the EBR motor Simplified positioning of the photo Simplified positioning of the photo

detectors and LEDsdetectors and LEDs




detectors and LEDsdetectors and LEDs Accurate speed control as a by product of Accurate speed control as a by product of

timer controltimer control




detectors and LEDsdetectors and LEDs Accurate speed control as a by product of Accurate speed control as a by product of

timer controltimer control Timer control is most readily implemented Timer control is most readily implemented

using a small microprocssorusing a small microprocssor


Performance of the EBR Performance of the EBR motormotor

Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP Speed range of 5 to 1 in constant HP applicationapplication




Capable of operating above “base speed”Capable of operating above “base speed”




Capable of operating above “base speed”Capable of operating above “base speed” Capable of running on sine or square-wave Capable of running on sine or square-wave

voltage suppliesvoltage supplies





voltage suppliesvoltage supplies Multiple motors can operate from the Multiple motors can operate from the

same power sourcesame power source





voltage suppliesvoltage supplies Multiple motors can operate from the Multiple motors can operate from the

same power sourcesame power source Operates well in constant HP or constant Operates well in constant HP or constant

torque applicationstorque applications


56 Fr motor w/6 inch stack - Constant HP

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0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Speed - RPM

Amps

, LbI

n

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HP, P

F, E

ff

Motor LbIn P.F. Eff. HP

LbIn

HP

Eff

PF


56 Frame 6" Stack 4-Pole Motor - Constant T Load

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Speed - RPM

HP,

PF,

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cien

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ue -

LbIn

P.F. Eff. HP Motor LbIn


ConclusionsConclusions

The EBR motor is a new and practical way The EBR motor is a new and practical way to provide variable speed.to provide variable speed.




High speed applications can be satisfied High speed applications can be satisfied with a self contained brushless drivewith a self contained brushless drive




High speed applications can be satisfied High speed applications can be satisfied with a self contained brushless drivewith a self contained brushless drive

An EBR motor is a better choice than An EBR motor is a better choice than forcing a conventional motor to be a forcing a conventional motor to be a variable speed motorvariable speed motor

2003 SMMA Meeting 1 The DynaMotor TM Electronic Brushless Repulsion Motor A Novel High Torque...

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