2002 Cotton Production Workshop Tifton, GA Culpepper and York
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Transcript of 2002 Cotton Production Workshop Tifton, GA Culpepper and York
2002 Cotton Production Workshop
Tifton, GA
Culpepper and York
Topics for Discussion
1. Burndown for conservation tillage
2. Liberty Link Technology
3. Roundup Ready Flex
4. Early-season weed competition
5. Touchdown + Dual Magnum
6. CGA 362622 = Envoke; Suprend
7. Aim (directed treatments
8. Valor (directed treatments)
9. Roundup resistance concerns
10. Tropical spiderwort
11. Morningglory
12. Palmer amaranth
13. Glyphosate formulations
Cotton Burndown
Cotton BurndownFocus: cutleaf eveningprimrose
1. Put 2,4-D out in Feb/March followed by glyphosate or paraquat near planting
2. Apply glyphosate or paraquat + 2,4-D near planting (be aware of plant back interval)
Cotton Burndown
1. Put 2,4-D out in Feb/March followed by glyphosate or paraquat near planting
a) better weed coverage, smaller weeds
b) very flexible at planting
c) no plant back issues
d) tank hopefully cleaned out by now
e) two trips are necessary
Cotton Burndown
2. Apply glyphosate or paraquat + 2,4-D near planting (be aware of plant back interval)
a) plant back restrictions
b) weed coverage questionable
c) tank cleanout more of an issue
d) single application
If you want use 2,4-D then
Glyphosate plus Clarity*
Or
Glyphosate plus Valor*
*Beware of plant back restrictions
Relative Response of Cutleaf Eveningprimrose to Glyphosate Tank Mixes.*
*Estimates based on GA and NC data 30 DAT from 1999 to 2002.
0
0.5
1A
lone
Aim
Har
mon
yE
xtra
Goa
l
Res
ourc
e
Val
or
Cla
rity
2,4-
D
16 6 13 6 6 12 7 16 # of trials
Roundup UltraMax (1.6 pt) + 1.5 pt Caparol
Wheat Response to Glyphosate Applied Alone and in Mixture with Caparol. Ponder Farm, 2001; 16 DAT.
Summary - cutleaf eveningprimrose
1. 2,4-D, glyphosate + 2,4-D, paraquat + 2,4-D
2. glyphosate + Valor or Clarity
Percent primrose control by Liberty. Tifton, 2002. 33 day after treatment.*
0
20
40
60
80
100
20 oz 27 oz 32 oz
Liberty
56
8593
*Not an economical option at this time.
Wild Radish
Wild Radish Impact on Cotton Emergence
Wild radish Cotton stand
residue* reduction
0.5 29
1.0 78
1.5 100
2.0 100
*percent of soil by weight. Jason Norsworthy, Clemson University.
Summary - Wild radish
1. glyphosate + 2,4-D, Harmony Extra
paraquat + 2,4-D, Direx, Harmony Extra
2. glyphosate + Valor, Direx
3. glyphosate
Liberty Link Cotton
Liberty Link (2003)
1. Approximately 15 bags per sales rep
2. 2 cultivars: 989 and 966 series, no Bt
Liberty Link (2004)
Liberty is expensive…..how will it compete
Liberty Link (2004) – One Possibility
Roundup Ready Seed + 2 application of glyphosate
equals (approximately)
Liberty Link Seed + 2 applications of Liberty (32 oz)
Liberty vs. Roundup* Weed Liberty Roundup
Application window + -
Eveningprimrose + -
Goosegrass - +
Large grasses - +
Morningglory + -
Nutsedge - +
Palmer amaranth - +
Perennial grasses - +
Volunteer peanut + -*Control of many weeds is similar. Assuming proper rates and application.
Pitted Morningglory Response to Liberty and Glyphosate. Moultrie, GA, 2001.
non-treated Liberty glyphosate
(27 oz/A) (0.75 lb ae/A)
non-treated Liberty (27.4 oz/A)LL cotton trial, TyTy, 2001.
Palmer must be small for Liberty
Possible Liberty Link Systems1. Yellow herbicide at plant,
Liberty 1-2 leaf topical,
Liberty 6-8 leaf topical,
timely directed
2. Yellow plus Cotoran or Staple,
Liberty timely 3- 6 leaf,
timely directed
Roundup Ready Flex
1. Will contain new transformation event
2. Greater gene expression in floral parts
3. Greater tolerance to later overtop applications
4. 2006???
Roundup Ready Flex tolerance study. 2002.Mechanically harvested seed cotton yield.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
lb/A
Old event** New event**
0
1.5
2.25
lb ae/A*
*Applied overtop 3-, 6-, 10-, and 14-leaf.
**Not in commercial variety.
Early Season Weed Competition
2 inch weeds 5 inch weeds 8 inch weeds
Application Timing
Early Season Competition
1. First 4 to 6 weeks still most important for weeds
2. Approximately 40% of time use PRE or be willing to make 2 topical applications
following label recommendations.
Effect of PRE Herbicides on RR Seedcotton Yield.1
0
300
600
900
1200
1500
lb/A
1 OT
1070 b
1460 a
No PRE Avg. 10 PRE’s
1Study in 1998 conducted at Goldsboro, NC.
Trifloxysulfuron-sodium
•Trifloxysulfuron-sodium is a post-emergence, broad-spectrum, ALS inhibitor herbicide
•Trifloxysulfuron will be marketed in two brands:
• Envoke – 75WG trifloxysulfuron
• Suprend – trifloxysulfuron + prometryn
Envoke
1. New product from Syngenta
2. Fourth quarter EPA work plan
3. Broadleaf and sedge herbicide, do NOT mix with graminicides
4. Short soil residual; limited PRE activity
Envoke vs. Staple* Weed Envoke Staple
Application window +
Dayflower species ++
Morningglory +
Nutsedge ++
Palmer amaranth +
Prickly sida ++
Sicklepod ++
Smallflower mg** ++
Tall morningglory ++*Assuming proper postemergence rates and application.
**Absolutely no control by Envoke
Zorial PRE + Envoke 0.0047 LB A/A14 DAT
Envoke applied under Envoke applied under
favorable conditions dry conditions14 DAT
glyphosate Envoke
Smallflower Morningglory Control. 14 DAT.
Envoke
Mix with Staple or glyphosate:
Apparently NO
Envoke
Where might Syngenta promote the herbicide?
Syngenta RR Cotton Herbicide ProgramSyngenta RR Cotton Herbicide Program
plus
Untreated check Glyphosate + Dual 1- to 2-leaf
Envoke 5- to 8-leaf
Nutsedge Control with Envoke
Injury Issues with Envoke
Expect some injury. Usually moderate but occasionally severe. Recovers quickly with no yield loss in most studies across Southeast.
Envoke 0.0047 lb/A OT 4-lf Non-treated Control
Suprend• New cotton herbicide from Syngenta
• Contains trifloxysulfuron-sodium + prometryn
at 1:133 ratio
• Formulated as 80% WDG
• Applied postemergence-directed
• Use rate of 1 to 1.5 lb/acre
1.0 lb Suprend 1.6 pt Caparol
1.5 lb Suprend 2.4 pt Caparol
• Broadleaf weeds and nutsedge; weak on grasses
~
~
Syngenta Cotton Herbicide Program
+ Dual MAGNUM
Touchdown plus Dual Magnum
1. Apply to cotton > 3” but before 5 leaf stage
2. Do not use ANY additive, avoid dew
Injury Range
From glyphosate plus Dual
Cotton Response to Glyphosate + Dual*
heavy dew no dew
*Application with dew applied 7 am. Application without dew applied 11 am.
Touchdown plus Dual Magnum
1. Apply to cotton > 3” but before 5 leaf stage
2. Do not use ANY additives, avoid dew
3. Do not mix with staple
Do not apply Dual and Staple within a couple of days of each other
glyphosate + Dual glyphosate + Dual + Staple
Touchdown plus Dual Magnum
1. Apply to cotton > 3” but before 5 leaf stage
2. Do not use ANY additives, avoid dew
3. Do not mix with staple
4. Residual weed control of pigweeds, grasses, pusley, and spiderwort
glyphosate @ 4 leaf cotton + Dual Magnum 1 pt/A
1) Dayflower emerged 3 to 7 day after 4 leaf application. Rain 3 d after application.
2) Prowl applied PRE. No layby.
glyphosate @ 4 lf + 1 pt Dual MagnumAttapulgus, 2001
*Irrigated within 48 hrs.
Dual vs. Staple in Glyphosate Topical Mixture*
Weed Dual Staple
Annual grasses ++
Dayflower species ++ +
Florida pusley +
Morningglory ++
Nutsedge +
Palmer amaranth ++ ++
Sicklepod
Cost of treatment ++*Assuming proper postemergence rates and application.
Dual Magnum PRE
Do Not Use Dual PRE on Georgia Soils
• label claims control of:
pigweed species lambsquarters
cocklebur morningglory
velvetleaf spurred anoda
smartweed hemp sesbania
common ragweed
Aim Postemergence-directed
Most Likely Fit for Aim in Cotton
Tank mix with glyphosate to improve
morningglory control
Roundup UltraMax 1.6 pt
Large Morningglory Response to Layby Herbicides. 5 DAT. Irwin Co., GA, 2001.
*Trial conducted on farm in Irwin County with Gibbs Wilson.
+ Aim 0.6 oz/A
Most Likely Fit for Aim in Cotton
What about tank mixing with other products for morningglory control?
Glyphosate + Aim Glyphosate alonedirected applications
Plant terminal response to Aim “running” the stem
Aim Application Timing
Treat Aim as a true layby directed herbicide applying when cotton is at least 16 inches tall and the stem is completely woody.
• 4th quarter 2003 EPA workplan
• 18 inch cotton or larger, completely “woody”
• glyphosate plus 1-2 oz per acre
• MSMA plus 2 oz per acre
• postemergence control of most weeds
• residual control of many weeds
Valor for Layby (2004)
Large Morningglory Response to Layby Herbicides. 5 DAT. Irwin Co., GA, 2001.
*Trial conducted on farm in Irwin County with Gibbs Wilson.
UltraMax 1.6 pt + Valor 1 ozRoundup UltraMax 1.6 pt
• Off-labeled use of this product in 2003 could jeopardize the potential for a 2004 label
Valor for Layby (2004)
Weed Resistance
to Glyphosate
Weed Resistance to Glyphosate:
Should We Be Concerned?
Weed Resistance to Glyphosate:
Should We Be Concerned?
ABSOLUTELY!
Known Cases of Resistance to Glyphosate
Species Location
Goosegrass Malaysia
Rigid ryegrass California, Australia,
South Africa
Italian ryegrass Chile
Horseweed Tennessee, Delaware
HORSEWEED
How Can We Deal With Resistance?
1. Take your chances, deal with it
if and when it happens
2. Manage to avoid it, or at least delay
its development
Practical Things to Help Avoid Resistance
1. Avoid over-reliance on same mode of action
a. Rotate modes of action
b. Use more than one MOA
Tank mixes, sequential applications
Practical Things to Help Avoid Resistance
1. Avoid over-reliance on same mode of action
a. Rotate modes of action
MOA tables in Extension pubs or online
b. Use more than one MOA
Tank mixes, sequential applications
2. Integrate non-chemical control, such as
cultivation and primary tillage, where practical
Detecting Herbicide Resistance
• Most control failures NOT due to resistance
• Eliminate other possible causes first
– Inadequate herbicide rate – Poor/improper application– Poor timing of application– Unfavorable weather– Later weed flushes– Antagonism by other pesticides
Indicators of Resistance
• Performance poor on one species, other species controlled well
• Product normally controls weed in question
• Poor control confined to spots in field
• Some plants of species in question controlled well, others controlled poorly
Progression of
Herbicide Resistance
Year 1
Year 2
Year 5
Year 3
Year 4
Weed Shifts are a greater issue at this
time in Georgia cotton
Asiatic dayflower Spreading dayflower
Tropical
spiderwort
above ground below ground
seed seed
below ground fruiting structures
Spiderworts rank as Georgia’s Most troublesome weeds in cotton
1999: not ranked
2001: ninth
2003: number 1
Spiderwort response to Roundup UltraMax*
20 oz 0 oz 30 oz 0 oz
40 oz 0 oz 50 oz 0 oz*Pictures 15 d after treatment. No plants died from any treatment.
37 “systems” evaluated at 2 locations to control tropical
spiderwort in 2002.Control at harvest:
< 50% control: 49
50 to 80% control: 19
80-90% control: 5
>90% control: 1
Grady Co. 2002
What do we know from 2002?
Greater than 85% residual control at 30 days: Command Dual (can not use at plant)
Greater than 70% residual control at 30 days: Cotoran
Direx* Zorial
*Caparol or Cotton-Pro not included in trial.
What do we know from 2002?
Postemergence control (<3 inch):
1. Paraquat (Gramoxone, Boa) (>90%)
2. MSMA (2 lb/A) tank mixes (80-90%)
3. Glyphosate + Aim, Direx, Staple (70-85%)
What do we know from 2001-2002?
Best system so far:
Prowl/Treflan at plant (no effect on spiderwort)Glyphosate + Dual early POSTDirex (1 qt) + MSMA (2 lb/A) directed
All applications were EXTREMELY timely.
Percent tropical spiderwort control at cotton harvest. Grady County, 2001-2002.
0
20
40
60
80
100
2001
2001
2002
2002
Yellow herbicide at plant; glyphosate + Dual early Post; Direx + MSMA directed
57
95
7887
What do we know from 2002?
1) We must get more residual in the program
2) Where do we put the residual
3) We must learn spiderwort emergence pattern
4) If you don’t have the weed; make sure you don’t get it.
Tropical Spiderwort Infestation
Red = severeOrange = moderateGreen = lightYellow = exist Gray = not found
Morningglory Continues to be Troublesome to Georgia Growers?
WHY??????
Morningglory Continues to be Troublesome to Georgia Growers?
At plant: Cotoran, Direx, Staple
Early Post: Glyphosate, Staple, Staple Plus
Directed: MSMA plus Caparol, Cobra, Cotoran, Direx, Staple, glyphosate plus Aim, Caparol, Direx, Harvade, Staple
Morningglory Continues to be Troublesome to Georgia Growers?
1) Timeliness of application(i.e. large at time of application)
2) No residual in the system
Residual Morningglory Control?
• Cotoran
• Direx
• Staple
• Caparol
Fairly common scene at harvest across the state
Two Possible Issues?
1. Pigweed is to large at time of layby
2. Pigweed comes up after layby
Two Possible Issues?
1. Pigweed is to large at time of layby
a) add a preemergence herbicide such a yellow herbicide, Cotoran,
Staple
b) Add Dual or Staple in at early POST
Two Possible Issues?
2. Pigweed comes up after layby
a) use layby option with residual activity such as Direx, Caparol, Prowl
Glyphosate
Formulations
Glyphosate Formulations
• Numerous brands available
• All registered for burndown,
selective applicators, and preharvest
• Most, but not all, registered
for use in RR crops
Registered Uses on Roundup Ready Crops
Brand Soybean Corn Cotton
Clearout 41 Plus Yes Yes Yes
Gly-4 Yes Yes Yes
Gly-4 Plus Yes Yes Yes
Gly-Flo No Yes No
Glyfos Yes Yes Yes
Glyfos X-TRA Yes Yes Yes
Glyphomax Yes Yes Yes
Glyphomax Plus Yes Yes Yes
Gly Star Original Yes Yes Yes
Gly Star Plus Yes Yes Yes
Roundup Original Yes Yes No
Roundup UltraMax Yes Yes Yes
Roundup WeatherMax Yes Yes Yes
Touchdown Yes Yes Yes
Glyphosate Formulations
• Numerous brands available
• Three basic formulations
O O
HO-C-CH2-N-CH2-P-OH
Glyphosate acid
= =
O O CH3
HO-C-CH2-N-CH2-P-OH2N-CH
CH3
Glyphosate isopropylamne salt
= =
O O
H3NO-C-CH2-N-CH2-P-ONH3
Glyphosate diammonium salt
= =
O O
HO-C-CH2-N-CH2-P-OK
Glyphosate potassium salt= =
Glyphosate Formulations• Some brands are “loaded”, some
require surfactant; AMS and drift control agent can be added to any
• Formulations and concentrations vary;
only way to compare use rates is on the basis of acid equivalence
Basic Glyphosate Formulations
Formulation Brand lb salt/gal lb ae/gal
diammonium Touchdown 3.57 3.0
salt
potassium Roundup 5.5 4.5
salt WeatherMax
isopropylamine All except 4.0 3.0
salt the above 5.0 3.7
5.4 4.0
Formulation lb salt/gal lb ae/gal Comparative rates
IPA salt 4.0 3.0 0.375 lb ae = 16 fl oz0.563 lb ae = 24 fl oz0.750 lb ae = 32 fl oz
IPA salt 5.0 3.7 0.375 lb ae = 13.0 fl oz0.563 lb ae = 19.5 fl oz0.750 lb ae = 26.0 fl oz
DA salt 3.57 3.0 0.375 lb ae = 16 fl oz0.563 lb ae = 24 fl oz0.750 lb ae = 32 fl oz
K salt 5.5 4.5 0.375 lb ae = 10.7 fl oz0.563 lb ae = 16.0 fl oz0.750 lb ae = 21.3 fl oz
So, which brand of glyphosate should you use?
So, which brand of glyphosate should you use?
1. Crop and weeds apparently don’t care
So, which brand of glyphosate should you use?
1. Crop and weeds apparently don’t care
2. Pricing is important
So, which brand of glyphosate should you use?
1. Crop and weeds apparently don’t care
2. Pricing is important
3. Also consider service and guarantees
So, which brand of glyphosate should you use?
1. Crop and weeds apparently don’t care
2. Pricing is important
3. Also consider service and guarantees
4. Should you consider future
developments in technology?
Roundup WeatherMax
1. Replacing UltraMax
2. Potassium salt
5.5 lb salt/gal; 4.5 lb ae/gal
3. 30-min rainfree warranty
4. Claim better activity under marginal
conditions
5. Better bulk handling characteristics
2002 Cotton Production Workshop
Tifton, GA
Culpepper and York